Create TABLE HAND_CUSTOMERS ( CUSTOMERS_NO Varchar2(10), CUSTOMERS_NAME Varchar2(30), CUSTOMERS_GENDER Varchar2(3), CUSTOMERS_BIRTH_DATE Date ); comment on TABLE HAND_CUSTOMERS is '顧客表'; comment on COLUMN HAND_CUSTOMERS.CUSTOMERS_NO is '客戶編號'; comment on COLUMN HAND_CUSTOMERS.CUSTOMERS_NAME is '客戶名稱'; comment on COLUMN HAND_CUSTOMERS.CUSTOMERS_GENDER is '客戶性別'; comment on COLUMN HAND_CUSTOMERS.CUSTOMERS_BIRTH_DATE is '客戶出生日期'; Create TABLE HAND_SELLERS ( SELLER_NO Varchar2(10), SELLER_NAME Varchar2(30), MANAGER_NO Varchar2(10) ); comment on TABLE HAND_SELLERS is '銷售員表'; comment on COLUMN HAND_SELLERS.SELLER_NO is '銷售員編碼'; comment on COLUMN HAND_SELLERS.SELLER_NAME is '銷售員名稱'; comment on COLUMN HAND_SELLERS.MANAGER_NO is '銷售員經理'; --- Create Table HAND_GOODS ( GOODS_NO Varchar2(10), GOODS_NAME Varchar2(30), GOODS_PRICE Number ); comment on table HAND_GOODS is '商品表'; comment on column HAND_GOODS.GOODS_NO is '商品編碼'; comment on column HAND_GOODS.GOODS_NAME is '商品名稱'; comment on column HAND_GOODS.GOODS_PRICE is '商品單價'; ---- Create Table HAND_SALES_RECORDS ( CUSTOMERS_NO Varchar2(10), SELLER_NO Varchar2(10), GOODS_NO Varchar2(10), SALES_QUANTY Number, SALES_DATE Date ); comment on table HAND_SALES_RECORDS is '銷售記錄表'; comment on column HAND_SALES_RECORDS.CUSTOMERS_NO is '客戶編號'; comment on column HAND_SALES_RECORDS.SELLER_NO is '銷售員編碼'; comment on column HAND_SALES_RECORDS.GOODS_NO is '商品編碼'; comment on column HAND_SALES_RECORDS.SALES_QUANTY is '銷售數量'; comment on column HAND_SALES_RECORDS.SALES_DATE is '銷售記錄'; ------ INSERT INTO HAND_CUSTOMERS(CUSTOMERS_NO, CUSTOMERS_NAME, CUSTOMERS_GENDER, CUSTOMERS_BIRTH_DATE) values ('C001', '張三', '男', TO_DATE('1990/1/1','YYYY/MM/DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_CUSTOMERS(CUSTOMERS_NO, CUSTOMERS_NAME, CUSTOMERS_GENDER, CUSTOMERS_BIRTH_DATE) values ('C002', '李四', '男', TO_DATE('1994/3/2','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_CUSTOMERS(CUSTOMERS_NO, CUSTOMERS_NAME, CUSTOMERS_GENDER, CUSTOMERS_BIRTH_DATE) values ('C003', '吳鵬', '男', TO_DATE('1996/2/19','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_CUSTOMERS(CUSTOMERS_NO, CUSTOMERS_NAME, CUSTOMERS_GENDER, CUSTOMERS_BIRTH_DATE) values ('C004', '琴沁', '女', TO_DATE('1997/1/4','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_CUSTOMERS(CUSTOMERS_NO, CUSTOMERS_NAME, CUSTOMERS_GENDER, CUSTOMERS_BIRTH_DATE) values ('C005', '王麗', '女', TO_DATE('1998/1/5','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_CUSTOMERS(CUSTOMERS_NO, CUSTOMERS_NAME, CUSTOMERS_GENDER, CUSTOMERS_BIRTH_DATE) values ('C006', '李波', '男', TO_DATE('1998/4/6','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_CUSTOMERS(CUSTOMERS_NO, CUSTOMERS_NAME, CUSTOMERS_GENDER, CUSTOMERS_BIRTH_DATE) values ('C007', '劉玉', '女', TO_DATE('1998/7/7','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_CUSTOMERS(CUSTOMERS_NO, CUSTOMERS_NAME, CUSTOMERS_GENDER, CUSTOMERS_BIRTH_DATE) values ('C008', '蕭蓉', '男', TO_DATE('1998/8/21','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_CUSTOMERS(CUSTOMERS_NO, CUSTOMERS_NAME, CUSTOMERS_GENDER, CUSTOMERS_BIRTH_DATE) values ('C009', '陳蕭曉', '女', TO_DATE('1994/12/1','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_CUSTOMERS(CUSTOMERS_NO, CUSTOMERS_NAME, CUSTOMERS_GENDER, CUSTOMERS_BIRTH_DATE) values ('C010', '陳美', '女', TO_DATE('1999/10/10','YYYY-MM-DD')); ------ INSERT INTO HAND_SELLERS(SELLER_NO, SELLER_NAME, MANAGER_NO ) values ('X001', '銷售A', ''); INSERT INTO HAND_SELLERS(SELLER_NO, SELLER_NAME, MANAGER_NO ) values ('X002', '銷售B', 'X001'); INSERT INTO HAND_SELLERS(SELLER_NO, SELLER_NAME, MANAGER_NO ) values ('X003', '銷售C', 'X001'); INSERT INTO HAND_SELLERS(SELLER_NO, SELLER_NAME, MANAGER_NO ) values ('X004', '銷售D', 'X003'); INSERT INTO HAND_SELLERS(SELLER_NO, SELLER_NAME, MANAGER_NO ) values ('X005', '銷售E', 'X003'); ------- INSERT INTO HAND_GOODS(GOODS_NO, GOODS_NAME, GOODS_PRICE) values ('GOODS001', '商品A', 120); INSERT INTO HAND_GOODS(GOODS_NO, GOODS_NAME, GOODS_PRICE) values ('GOODS002', '商品B', 159); INSERT INTO HAND_GOODS(GOODS_NO, GOODS_NAME, GOODS_PRICE) values ('GOODS003', '商品C', 349); INSERT INTO HAND_GOODS(GOODS_NO, GOODS_NAME, GOODS_PRICE) values ('GOODS004', '商品D', 256); INSERT INTO HAND_GOODS(GOODS_NO, GOODS_NAME, GOODS_PRICE) values ('GOODS005', '商品E', 412); INSERT INTO HAND_GOODS(GOODS_NO, GOODS_NAME, GOODS_PRICE) values ('GOODS006', '商品F', 342); INSERT INTO HAND_GOODS(GOODS_NO, GOODS_NAME, GOODS_PRICE) values ('GOODS007', '商品G', 234); INSERT INTO HAND_GOODS(GOODS_NO, GOODS_NAME, GOODS_PRICE) values ('GOODS008', '商品H', 776); INSERT INTO HAND_GOODS(GOODS_NO, GOODS_NAME, GOODS_PRICE) values ('GOODS009', '商品I', 123); INSERT INTO HAND_GOODS(GOODS_NO, GOODS_NAME, GOODS_PRICE) values ('GOODS010', '商品J', null); --- INSERT INTO HAND_SALES_RECORDS(CUSTOMERS_NO, SELLER_NO, GOODS_NO, SALES_QUANTY, SALES_DATE) values ('C001', 'X001', 'GOODS001', 32, TO_DATE('2019/6/8','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_SALES_RECORDS(CUSTOMERS_NO, SELLER_NO, GOODS_NO, SALES_QUANTY, SALES_DATE) values ('C002', 'X002', 'GOODS001', 39, TO_DATE('2019/6/18','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_SALES_RECORDS(CUSTOMERS_NO, SELLER_NO, GOODS_NO, SALES_QUANTY, SALES_DATE) values ('C002', 'X003', 'GOODS003', 20, TO_DATE('2019/6/19','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_SALES_RECORDS(CUSTOMERS_NO, SELLER_NO, GOODS_NO, SALES_QUANTY, SALES_DATE) values ('C004', 'X004', 'GOODS004', 4, TO_DATE('2019/6/11','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_SALES_RECORDS(CUSTOMERS_NO, SELLER_NO, GOODS_NO, SALES_QUANTY, SALES_DATE) values ('C005', 'X005', 'GOODS005', 60, TO_DATE('2019/6/12','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_SALES_RECORDS(CUSTOMERS_NO, SELLER_NO, GOODS_NO, SALES_QUANTY, SALES_DATE) values ('C006', 'X003', 'GOODS006', 30, TO_DATE('2019/6/13','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_SALES_RECORDS(CUSTOMERS_NO, SELLER_NO, GOODS_NO, SALES_QUANTY, SALES_DATE) values ('C006', 'X002', 'GOODS007', 36, TO_DATE('2019/6/14','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_SALES_RECORDS(CUSTOMERS_NO, SELLER_NO, GOODS_NO, SALES_QUANTY, SALES_DATE) values ('C004', 'X001', 'GOODS006', 40, TO_DATE('2019/6/15','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_SALES_RECORDS(CUSTOMERS_NO, SELLER_NO, GOODS_NO, SALES_QUANTY, SALES_DATE) values ('C001', 'X003', 'GOODS001', 10, TO_DATE('2019/6/19','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_SALES_RECORDS(CUSTOMERS_NO, SELLER_NO, GOODS_NO, SALES_QUANTY, SALES_DATE) values ('C002', 'X002', 'GOODS002', 41, TO_DATE('2019/4/11','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_SALES_RECORDS(CUSTOMERS_NO, SELLER_NO, GOODS_NO, SALES_QUANTY, SALES_DATE) values ('C003', 'X003', 'GOODS003', 30, TO_DATE('2019/3/12','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_SALES_RECORDS(CUSTOMERS_NO, SELLER_NO, GOODS_NO, SALES_QUANTY, SALES_DATE) values ('C003', 'X003', 'GOODS004', 60, TO_DATE('2019/6/11','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_SALES_RECORDS(CUSTOMERS_NO, SELLER_NO, GOODS_NO, SALES_QUANTY, SALES_DATE) values ('C003', 'X002', 'GOODS005', 76, TO_DATE('2019/6/19','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_SALES_RECORDS(CUSTOMERS_NO, SELLER_NO, GOODS_NO, SALES_QUANTY, SALES_DATE) values ('C003', 'X001', 'GOODS006', 68, TO_DATE('2019/6/25','YYYY-MM-DD')); INSERT INTO HAND_SALES_RECORDS(CUSTOMERS_NO, SELLER_NO, GOODS_NO, SALES_QUANTY, SALES_DATE) values ('C004', 'X005', 'GOODS005', 32, TO_DATE('2018/6/18','YYYY-MM-DD')); COMMIT;
--1 SELECT hs.seller_no ,hs.seller_name ,hsm.seller_no ,hsm.seller_name FROM hand_sellers hs ,hand_sellers hsm WHERE hs.manager_no = hsm.seller_no(+) AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM hand_sales_records hsr ,hand_goods hg WHERE hsr.goods_no = hg.goods_no AND hg.goods_name = '商品B' AND hsr.seller_no = hs.seller_no); --2 SELECT hs.seller_no ,hs.seller_name ,hsm.seller_no ,hsm.seller_name FROM hand_sellers hs ,hand_sellers hsm WHERE hs.manager_no = hsm.seller_no(+) AND hs.seller_no NOT IN (SELECT hsr.seller_no FROM hand_sales_records hsr ,hand_goods hg WHERE hsr.goods_no = hg.goods_no AND hg.goods_name = '商品B'); --考點:外鏈接、NOT EXISTS 和 NOT IN 的用法及區別
in是把外表和內表做hash鏈接(會用到外表上的索引),而exists是對外表做loop循環(用到內表上的索引),每次loop循環再對內表進行查詢,若是查詢的兩個表大小至關,那麼用in和exists差異不大;若是兩個表中一個較小一個較大,則子查詢表大的用exists,子查詢表小的用in;正則表達式
not in 邏輯上不徹底等同於not exists。使用not in時,若是子查詢中返回的任意一條記錄含有空值,則查詢將不返回任何記錄。若是子查詢字段有非空限制,這時可使用not in,而且能夠經過提示讓它用hasg_aj或merge_aj鏈接。若是查詢語句使用了not in,那麼對內外表都進行全表掃描,沒有用到索引;而not exists的子查詢依然能用到表上的索引。因此不管哪一個表大,用not exists都比not in 要快。數據庫
參照:https://blog.csdn.net/baidu_37107022/article/details/77278381ide
--1 SELECT hc.customers_no ,hc.customers_name ,hc.customers_gender ,hg.goods_name ,hsr.sales_date ,hsr.sales_quanty FROM hand_sales_records hsr ,hand_goods hg ,hand_customers hc WHERE hsr.goods_no = hg.goods_no(+) AND hsr.customers_no(+) = hc.customers_no --AND hsr.sales_date(+) BETWEEN to_date('2019-06-10', 'yyyy-mm-dd') AND to_date('2019-06-20', 'yyyy-mm-dd') AND to_char(hsr.sales_date(+), 'MM') = '06' AND to_char(hsr.sales_date(+), 'DD') BETWEEN 10 AND 20 ORDER BY hsr.sales_quanty DESC; --2 SELECT hc.customers_no ,hc.customers_name ,hc.customers_gender ,hg.goods_name ,hsr.sales_date ,hsr.sales_quanty FROM hand_sales_records hsr ,hand_goods hg ,hand_customers hc WHERE hsr.goods_no = hg.goods_no AND hsr.customers_no = hc.customers_no AND hsr.sales_date BETWEEN to_date('2019-06-10', 'yyyy-mm-dd') AND to_date('2019-06-20', 'yyyy-mm-dd') ORDER BY hsr.sales_quanty DESC; --考點:外鏈接,日期函數
1.查兩表關聯列相等的數據用內鏈接。
2.Col_L是Col_R的子集時用右外鏈接。
3.Col_R是Col_L的子集時用左外鏈接。
4.Col_R和Col_L彼此有交集但彼此互不爲子集時候用全外。
5.求差操做的時候用聯合查詢。函數
--1 SELECT hc.customers_no ,hc.customers_name ,hc.customers_birth_date FROM hand_customers hc WHERE hc.customers_no IN (SELECT hsr.customers_no FROM hand_sales_records hsr GROUP BY hsr.customers_no HAVING COUNT(1) > 3); --2 SELECT hc.customers_no ,hc.customers_name ,hc.customers_birth_date FROM hand_customers hc WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM hand_sales_records hsr WHERE hc.customers_no = hsr.customers_no GROUP BY hsr.customers_no HAVING COUNT(1) > 3);
where是篩選行,having是篩選已經查詢出來的字段。oop
--正則 SELECT hc.customers_no ,hc.customers_name ,hc.customers_birth_date FROM hand_customers hc WHERE regexp_like(hc.customers_name, '^張.*|^李.*|^劉.*'); --Like SELECT hc.customers_no ,hc.customers_name ,hc.customers_birth_date FROM hand_customers hc WHERE (hc.customers_name LIKE '張%' OR hc.customers_name LIKE '李%' OR hc.customers_name LIKE '劉%');
小結:性能
還可使用substring()等函數提取第一個字符看是否在要查找的條件裏面ui
SELECT hg.goods_no ,hg.goods_name ,hg.goods_price ,CASE WHEN hg.goods_price BETWEEN 100 AND 199 THEN hg.goods_price * 0.9 WHEN hg.goods_price BETWEEN 200 AND 299 THEN hg.goods_price * 0.8 WHEN hg.goods_price >= 300 THEN hg.goods_price * 0.7 ELSE hg.goods_price END changed_goods_price FROM hand_goods hg
SELECT hc.customers_no ,hc.customers_name ,hc.customers_birth_date ,(select sum(hsr.sales_quanty) from hand_sales_records hsr where hsr.customers_no = hc.customers_no ) FROM hand_customers hc WHERE to_char(hc.customers_birth_date,'MM') =to_char(sysdate,'MM') ; --考點: 日期函數,子查詢
小結:編碼
就考察了子查詢,以及to_char函數轉換爲字符串的函數,注意對應的to_date將字符串轉換爲日期spa
--1 SELECT hg.goods_no ,hg.goods_name ,hg.goods_price FROM hand_goods hg where nvl( hg.goods_price,100) BETWEEN 100 AND 199; --2 SELECT hg.goods_no ,hg.goods_name ,hg.goods_price FROM hand_goods hg WHERE hg.goods_price BETWEEN 100 AND 199 OR hg.goods_price IS NULL
小結:.net
就考察了between..and的用法(包括前面,不包括後面),以及nvl()函數,注意nvl(expr1,expr2)和nvl2(expr1,expr2,expr3)的區別
SELECT hs.seller_no ,hs.seller_name ,SUM(sr.sales_quanty) sales_quanty ,RANK() OVER(ORDER BY SUM(sr.sales_quanty) DESC) rank_level FROM hand_sales_records sr ,hand_sellers hs WHERE sr.seller_no(+) = hs.seller_no GROUP BY hs.seller_no ,hs.seller_name
小結:
注意開窗函數【分析函數提供一系列比較高級的SQL功能。分析函數時創建在數據窗口(over在必定的數據庫範 圍進行數據分析),在必定的數據範圍進行排序、彙總】over(partition by...order by...)其中partition by表示以什麼分組,若是沒有則使用group by的分組,rank()【用於返回結果集的分區內每行的排名,行的排名是相關行以前的排名數加一,若是排序的標準相同,則排名也相同】和dense_rank()【與rank函數相似,dense_rank函數在生成序號時是連續的,而rank函數生成的序號有可能不連續】,row_number()【爲查詢出來的每一行記錄生成一個序號,依次排序且不會重複】。還值得注意的是MySQL應該是在8.0以後纔有開窗函數(查詢資料),可使用自鏈接比較數量排序。
--sn1 SELECT g.goods_name ,hs.seller_name ,c.customers_name ,sr.sales_quanty ,sr.sales_date FROM hand_goods g ,hand_sales_records sr ,hand_sellers hs ,hand_customers c WHERE 1 = 1 AND sr.seller_no = hs.seller_no(+) AND sr.goods_no = g.goods_no(+) AND sr.customers_no = c.customers_no AND sr.sales_quanty > (SELECT MAX(sr1.sales_quanty) FROM hand_sales_records sr1 ,hand_goods g1 WHERE sr1.goods_no = g1.goods_no AND g1.goods_name = '商品A'); --sn2 SELECT g.goods_name ,hs.seller_name ,c.customers_name ,sr.sales_quanty ,sr.sales_date FROM hand_goods g ,hand_sales_records sr ,hand_sellers hs ,hand_customers c WHERE 1 = 1 AND sr.seller_no = hs.seller_no(+) AND sr.goods_no = g.goods_no(+) AND sr.customers_no = c.customers_no AND sr.sales_quanty > ALL (SELECT sr1.sales_quanty FROM hand_sales_records sr1 ,hand_goods g1 WHERE sr1.goods_no = g1.goods_no AND g1.goods_name = '商品A'); --sn3 SELECT g.goods_name ,hs.seller_name ,c.customers_name ,sr.sales_quanty ,sr.sales_date FROM hand_goods g ,hand_sales_records sr ,hand_sellers hs ,hand_customers c WHERE 1 = 1 AND sr.seller_no = hs.seller_no(+) AND sr.goods_no = g.goods_no(+) AND sr.customers_no = c.customers_no AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM hand_sales_records sr1 ,hand_goods g1 WHERE sr1.goods_no = g1.goods_no AND g1.goods_name = '商品A' AND sr.sales_quanty > sr1.sales_quanty);
小結:
考覈外鏈接語法,Oracle使用+能夠簡化外鏈接SQL(left/right join),主要是找準關係,須要返回哪邊的全部行,而後就是ALL(注意all和any的區別,如題all是大於查詢出的全部,即比結果中的最大的還大,而any只要是其中任意一個就行),EXISTS(exists和in的區別,exists是遍歷外表在查詢,而in1是遍歷查詢出的內表結果)的用法。
SELECT g.goods_name ,hs.seller_name ,c.customers_name ,SUM(sr.sales_quanty) FROM hand_goods g ,hand_sales_records sr ,hand_sellers hs ,hand_customers c WHERE 1 = 1 AND sr.seller_no = hs.seller_no(+) AND sr.goods_no = g.goods_no(+) AND sr.customers_no = c.customers_no GROUP BY ROLLUP(g.goods_name, hs.seller_name, c.customers_name)
小結:
注ROLLUP和CUBE的區別。使用ROLLUP產生常規分組彙總行 以及分組小計,Rollup 後面跟了n個字段,就將進行n+1次分組,從右到左每次減小一個字段進行分組;而後進行 union 【n+1次分組】。CUBE是後面跟了n個字段,就將進行2的N次方的分組運算,而後進行。MySQL中使用with rollup/cube。
SELECT g.goods_no ,g.goods_name ,t.total_quanty FROM hand_goods g ,(SELECT sr.goods_no ,SUM(sr.sales_quanty) total_quanty ,rank() over(ORDER BY SUM(sr.sales_quanty) DESC) rank_level FROM hand_sales_records sr WHERE 1 = 1 GROUP BY sr.goods_no) t WHERE t.goods_no = g.goods_no AND t.rank_level <= 3 ORDER BY t.total_quanty DESC
小結:
考察開窗函數以及rank()的使用(如題若是使用的分組的條件total_quanty,若是這個值相同,那麼排名也相同)。
--a. CREATE TABLE HAND_GOODS_25305 AS SELECT * FROM hand_goods g WHERE g.goods_price > 200 --b. UPDATE HAND_GOODS_25305 SET goods_price = goods_price * 0.8 --c. MERGE INTO hand_goods_25305 g_new USING hand_goods g ON (g.goods_no = g_new.goods_no) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET g_new.goods_price = g.goods_price WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (g.goods_no ,g.goods_name ,g.goods_price);
小結:
考察建立,更新表,以及批量插入。
WITH tab_sum AS (SELECT sr.customers_no ,SUM(sr.sales_quanty) total_quanty FROM hand_sales_records sr WHERE 1 = 1 GROUP BY sr.customers_no) SELECT t.customers_no, c.customers_name, t.total_quanty FROM tab_sum t, hand_customers c WHERE c.customers_no = t.customers_no AND t.total_quanty = ( SELECT MAX(total_quanty) FROM tab_sum)
小結:
使用子查詢問,及with方便在後面屢次使用則能夠簡化SQL並適當提升性能 。