SpringBoot
是爲了簡化Spring
應用的建立、運行、調試、部署等一系列問題而誕生的產物,自動裝配的特性讓咱們能夠更好的關注業務自己而不是外部的XML配置,咱們只需遵循規範,引入相關的依賴就能夠輕易的搭建出一個 WEB 工程
Spring Framework
對數據庫的操做在JDBC
上面作了深層次的封裝,經過依賴注入
功能,能夠將 DataSource
註冊到JdbcTemplate
之中,使咱們能夠輕易的完成對象關係映射,並有助於規避常見的錯誤,在SpringBoot
中咱們能夠很輕鬆的使用它。html
<!-- more -->java
特色
Spring
自家出品,幾乎沒有額外配置JDBC
是基礎知識,JdbcTemplate
更像是一個DBUtils
在 pom.xml
中添加對 JdbcTemplate
的依賴mysql
<!-- Spring JDBC 的依賴包,使用 spring-boot-starter-jdbc 或 spring-boot-starter-data-jpa 將會自動得到HikariCP依賴 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- MYSQL包 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 默認就內嵌了Tomcat 容器,如須要更換容器也極其簡單--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>
在application.properties
中添加以下配置。值得注意的是,SpringBoot默認會自動配置DataSource
,它將優先採用HikariCP
鏈接池,若是沒有該依賴的狀況則選取tomcat-jdbc
,若是前二者都不可用最後選取Commons DBCP2
。經過spring.datasource.type
屬性能夠指定其它種類的鏈接池git
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/chapter4?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false spring.datasource.password=root spring.datasource.username=root #spring.datasource.type #更多細微的配置能夠經過下列前綴進行調整 #spring.datasource.hikari #spring.datasource.tomcat #spring.datasource.dbcp2
啓動項目,經過日誌,能夠看到默認狀況下注入的是HikariDataSource
github
2018-05-07 10:33:54.021 INFO 9640 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Bean with name 'dataSource' has been autodetected for JMX exposure 2018-05-07 10:33:54.026 INFO 9640 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Located MBean 'dataSource': registering with JMX server as MBean [com.zaxxer.hikari:name=dataSource,type=HikariDataSource] 2018-05-07 10:33:54.071 INFO 9640 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2018-05-07 10:33:54.075 INFO 9640 --- [ main] com.battcn.Chapter4Application : Started Chapter4Application in 3.402 seconds (JVM running for 3.93)
完成基本配置後,接下來進行具體的編碼操做。爲了減小代碼量,就不寫UserDao
、UserService
之類的接口了,將直接在Controller
中使用JdbcTemplate
進行訪問數據庫操做,這點是不規範的,各位別學我...web
建立一張 t_user
的表spring
CREATE TABLE `t_user` ( `id` int(8) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主鍵自增', `username` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '用戶名', `password` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '密碼', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='用戶表';
package com.battcn.entity; /** * @author Levin * @since 2018/5/7 0007 */ public class User { private Long id; private String username; private String password; // TODO 省略get set }
package com.battcn.controller; import com.battcn.entity.User; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import java.util.List; /** * @author Levin * @since 2018/4/23 0023 */ @RestController @RequestMapping("/users") public class SpringJdbcController { private final JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; @Autowired public SpringJdbcController(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) { this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate; } @GetMapping public List<User> queryUsers() { // 查詢全部用戶 String sql = "select * from t_user"; return jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new Object[]{}, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(User.class)); } @GetMapping("/{id}") public User getUser(@PathVariable Long id) { // 根據主鍵ID查詢 String sql = "select * from t_user where id = ?"; return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, new Object[]{id}, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(User.class)); } @DeleteMapping("/{id}") public int delUser(@PathVariable Long id) { // 根據主鍵ID刪除用戶信息 String sql = "DELETE FROM t_user WHERE id = ?"; return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, id); } @PostMapping public int addUser(@RequestBody User user) { // 添加用戶 String sql = "insert into t_user(username, password) values(?, ?)"; return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, user.getUsername(), user.getPassword()); } @PutMapping("/{id}") public int editUser(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody User user) { // 根據主鍵ID修改用戶信息 String sql = "UPDATE t_user SET username = ? ,password = ? WHERE id = ?"; return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), id); } }
因爲上面的接口是 restful 風格的接口,添加和修改沒法經過瀏覽器完成,因此須要咱們本身編寫junit
或者使用postman
之類的工具。sql
建立單元測試Chapter4ApplicationTests
,經過TestRestTemplate
模擬GET
、POST
、PUT
、DELETE
等請求操做數據庫
package com.battcn; import com.battcn.entity.User; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate; import org.springframework.boot.web.server.LocalServerPort; import org.springframework.core.ParameterizedTypeReference; import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import java.util.List; /** * @author Levin */ @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = Chapter4Application.class, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) public class Chapter4ApplicationTests { private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Chapter4ApplicationTests.class); @Autowired private TestRestTemplate template; @LocalServerPort private int port; @Test public void test1() throws Exception { template.postForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/users", new User("user1", "pass1"), Integer.class); log.info("[添加用戶成功]\n"); // TODO 若是是返回的集合,要用 exchange 而不是 getForEntity ,後者須要本身強轉類型 ResponseEntity<List<User>> response2 = template.exchange("http://localhost:" + port + "/users", HttpMethod.GET, null, new ParameterizedTypeReference<List<User>>() { }); final List<User> body = response2.getBody(); log.info("[查詢全部] - [{}]\n", body); Long userId = body.get(0).getId(); ResponseEntity<User> response3 = template.getForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/users/{id}", User.class, userId); log.info("[主鍵查詢] - [{}]\n", response3.getBody()); template.put("http://localhost:" + port + "/users/{id}", new User("user11", "pass11"), userId); log.info("[修改用戶成功]\n"); template.delete("http://localhost:" + port + "/users/{id}", userId); log.info("[刪除用戶成功]"); } }
本章介紹了JdbcTemplate
經常使用的幾種操做,詳細請參考JdbcTemplate API文檔api
目前不少大佬都寫過關於 SpringBoot
的教程了,若有雷同,請多多包涵,本教程基於最新的 spring-boot-starter-parent:2.0.1.RELEASE
編寫,包括新版本的特性都會一塊兒介紹...
battcn
全文代碼:https://github.com/battcn/spring-boot2-learning/tree/master/chapter4