Python開發【Django】：分頁、Cookie和Session

時間 2019-11-17

標籤 python 開發 Django 分頁 cookie session 欄目 Python 简体版

原文原文鏈接

分頁

一、簡單分頁javascript

涉及xss攻擊，須要用到mark_safe方法，使用此方法字符串傳輸到後端後，已html形式顯示，而非字符串html

HTML文件：前端

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .pagination .page{
            display: inline-block;
            padding: 5px;
            background-color: cyan;
            margin: 5px;
        }
        .pagination .page.active{
            background-color: brown;
            color: white;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <ul>
        {% for item in li %}
            <li>{{ item }}</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
    <div class="pagination">
        {{ page_str }}
    </div>
</body>
</html>

user_list.html

處理文件:java

LIST = []
for i in range(109):
    LIST.append(i)

from django.utils.safestring import  mark_safe
def user_list(request):
    current_page = request.GET.get('p',1)
    current_page = int(current_page)

    start = (current_page-1)*10
    end = current_page*10
    data = LIST[start:end]

    all_count = len(LIST)
    count,y = divmod(all_count,10)          #整除、餘數
    if y :                                  #餘數不爲零
        count +=1

    page_list = []
    for i in range(1,count+1):
        if i == current_page:
            temp = '<a class="page active" href="/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>'%(i,i)
        else:
            temp = '<a class="page" href="/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>'%(i,i)

        page_list.append(temp)

    page_str = mark_safe(''.join(page_list))        #xss攻擊 不加入此項 page_str傳到前端後，顯示的是字符串
                                                    #而不是html語言
    # 另外一種方式在前端作
    # {{ page_str|safe }}

    return render(request,'user_list.html',{'li':data,'page_str':page_str})

views.py

二、增長功能python

分頁數進行定製，添加上一頁、下一頁，增長跳轉功能，實現分頁的完整功能　　jquery

HTML文件：redis

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .pagination .page{
            display: inline-block;
            padding: 5px;
            background-color: cyan;
            margin: 5px;
        }
        .pagination .page.active{
            background-color: brown;
            color: white;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <ul>
        {% for item in li %}
            <li>{{ item }}</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
    <div class="pagination">
        {{ page_str }}
    </div>
</body>
</html>

user_list.html

處理文件:數據庫

LIST = []
for i in range(199):
    LIST.append(i)

from django.utils.safestring import  mark_safe
def user_list(request):
    current_page = request.GET.get('p',1)
    current_page = int(current_page)

    start = (current_page-1)*10
    end = current_page*10
    data = LIST[start:end]

    all_count = len(LIST)
    total_count,y = divmod(all_count,10)
    if y :
        total_count +=1
    pager_num = 11                          #頁碼數

    page_list = []
    if total_count < pager_num :            #總頁面小於頁碼數
        start_index = 1
        end_index = total_count + 1
    else:
        if current_page <= pager_num/2:     #開頭
            start_index = 1
            end_index = pager_num + 1
        elif current_page + (pager_num-1)/2 >= total_count:         #中間
            start_index = total_count - (pager_num-1)
            end_index = total_count + 1
        else:                               #結尾
            start_index = current_page - (pager_num-1)/2
            end_index = current_page + (pager_num-1)/2 + 1

    # 上下頁碼
    if current_page == 1:
        prev = '<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0)">上一頁</a>'  # 什麼都不幹
    else:
        prev =  '<a class="page" href="/user_list/?p=%s">上一頁</a>'%(current_page-1)
    page_list.append(prev)
    for i in range(int(start_index),int(end_index)):
        if i == current_page:
            temp = '<a class="page active" href="/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>'%(i,i)
        else:
            temp = '<a class="page" href="/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>'%(i,i)

        page_list.append(temp)
    if current_page == total_count:
        nex = '<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0)">下一頁</a>'  # 什麼都不幹
    else:
        nex = '<a class="page" href="/user_list/?p=%s">下一頁</a>'%(current_page+1)
    page_list.append(nex)

    # 跳轉 能夠寫到前端
    jump = '''
    <input type="text" /><a onclick="jumpTo(this,'/user_list/?p=');">GO</a>
    <script>
        function jumpTo(ths,base) {
            var val = ths.previousSibling.value;
            location.href = base + val;
        }
    </script>
    '''
    page_list.append(jump)

    page_str = mark_safe(''.join(page_list))

    return render(request,'user_list.html',{'li':data,'page_str':page_str})

views.py

三、優化完善django

頁碼代碼跟業務代碼分開，建立class類調用，最好單首創建目錄分開後端

HTML文件：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .pagination .page{
            display: inline-block;
            padding: 5px;
            background-color: cyan;
            margin: 5px;
        }
        .pagination .page.active{
            background-color: brown;
            color: white;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <ul>
        {% for item in li %}
            <li>{{ item }}</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
    <div class="pagination">
        {{ page_str }}
    </div>
</body>
</html>

user_list.html

處理文件:

LIST = []
for i in range(199):
    LIST.append(i)

class Page:
    def __init__(self, current_page, data_count, per_page_count=10, pager_num=7):
        self.current_page = current_page
        self.data_count = data_count
        self.per_page_count = per_page_count
        self.pager_num = pager_num

    @property
    def start(self):
        return (self.current_page - 1) * self.per_page_count

    @property
    def end(self):
        return self.current_page * self.per_page_count

    @property
    def total_count(self):
        v, y = divmod(self.data_count, self.per_page_count)
        if y:
            v += 1
        return v

    def page_str(self, base_url):
        page_list = []

        if self.total_count < self.pager_num:
            start_index = 1
            end_index = self.total_count + 1
        else:
            if self.current_page <= (self.pager_num + 1) / 2:
                start_index = 1
                end_index = self.pager_num + 1
            else:
                start_index = self.current_page - (self.pager_num - 1) / 2
                end_index = self.current_page + (self.pager_num + 1) / 2
                if (self.current_page + (self.pager_num - 1) / 2) > self.total_count:
                    end_index = self.total_count + 1
                    start_index = self.total_count - self.pager_num + 1

        if self.current_page == 1:
            prev = '<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0);">上一頁</a>'
        else:
            prev = '<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">上一頁</a>' % (base_url, self.current_page - 1,)
        page_list.append(prev)

        for i in range(int(start_index), int(end_index)):
            if i == self.current_page:
                temp = '<a class="page active" href="%s?p=%s">%s</a>' % (base_url, i, i)
            else:
                temp = '<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">%s</a>' % (base_url, i, i)
            page_list.append(temp)

        if self.current_page == self.total_count:
            nex = '<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0);">下一頁</a>'
        else:
            nex = '<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">下一頁</a>' % (base_url, self.current_page + 1,)
        page_list.append(nex)

        jump = """
        <input type='text'  /><a onclick='jumpTo(this, "%s?p=");'>GO</a>
        <script>
            function jumpTo(ths,base){
                var val = ths.previousSibling.value;
                location.href = base + val;
            }
        </script>
        """ % (base_url,)

        page_list.append(jump)

        page_str = mark_safe("".join(page_list))

        return page_str

from django.utils.safestring import  mark_safe
def user_list(request):
    current_page = request.GET.get('p', 1)
    current_page = int(current_page)
    page_obj = Page(current_page,len(LIST))

    data = LIST[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]

    page_str = page_obj.page_str("/user_list/")

    return render(request, 'user_list.html', {'li': data,'page_str': page_str})

views.py

Cookie

一、概述

Cookie，有時也用其複數形式 Cookies，指某些網站爲了辨別用戶身份、進行 session 跟蹤而儲存在用戶本地終端上的數據（一般通過加密）。（能夠叫作瀏覽器緩存）

① 獲取Cookie

request.COOKIES['key']
request.COOKIES.get('key')
request.get_signed_cookie(key, default=RAISE_ERROR, salt='', max_age=None)
    參數：
        default: 默認值
           salt: 加密鹽
        max_age: 後臺控制過時時間

② 設置Cookie

rep = HttpResponse(...) 或 rep ＝ render(request, ...) #return的對象
 
rep.set_cookie(key,value,...)
rep.set_signed_cookie(key,value,salt='加密鹽',...)
    參數：
        key,              鍵
        value='',         值
        max_age=None,     超時時間 單位秒
        expires=None,     超時時間(IE requires expires, so set it if hasn't been already.) 單位日期
        path='/',         Cookie生效的路徑，/ 表示根路徑，特殊的：跟路徑的cookie能夠被任何url的頁面訪問 指定生效路徑
        domain=None,      Cookie生效的域名
        secure=False,     https傳輸改成True
        httponly=False    只能http協議傳輸，沒法被JavaScript獲取（不是絕對，底層抓包能夠獲取到也能夠被覆蓋）

補充：
# max_age 10秒失效
result.set_cookie('username',u,max_age=10)

# expires 設置失效日期
import datetime
current_date = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
current_date = current_date + datetime.timedelta(seconds=5)
result.set_cookie('username',u,expires=current_date)

# 加密
obj = HttpResponse('s')
obj.set_signed_cookie('username',"kangbazi",salt="asdfasdf")
request.get_signed_cookie('username',salt="asdfasdf")

因爲cookie保存在客戶端的電腦上，因此，JavaScript和jquery也能夠操做cookie

<script src='/static/js/jquery.cookie.js'></script>
$.cookie("list_pager_num", 30,{ path: '/' });   #key vaule  字典

二、用戶登陸

利用cookie作用戶登陸頁面，只有登陸成功才能進入到後臺管理

HTML文件：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>歡迎登陸：{{ current_user }}</h1>
</body>
</html>

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/login/" method="POST">
        <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用戶名" />
        <input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密碼" />
        <input type="submit" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>

處理文件:

user_info = {
    'James':{'pwd':'123456'},
    'lianzhilei':{'pwd':'123456'}
}

def login(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request,'login.html')
    if request.method == 'POST':
        u = request.POST.get('username')
        p = request.POST.get('pwd')
        dic = user_info.get(u)
        if not dic:
            return render(request,'login.html')
        if dic['pwd']== p:
            result = redirect('/index/')
            result.set_cookie('username',u)     #設置cookie值
            return result
        else:
            return render(request, 'login.html')

def index(request):
    v = request.COOKIES.get('username')         #獲取cookie值
    if not v :
        return redirect('/login/')
    return render(request,'index.html',{'current_user':v})

三、定製分頁　

根據用戶選擇的數字，顯示頁面的數量

HTML文件：

<body>
    <ul>
        {% for item in li %}
            <li>{{ item }}</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
    <div>
        <select id='pg' onchange="ChangePageSize(this)">
            <option value="10">10</option>
            <option value="30">30</option>
            <option value="50">100</option>
        </select>
    </div>
    <div class="pagination">
        {{ page_str }}
    </div>
    <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
    <script src="/static/jquery.cookie.js"></script>
    <script>

        $(function () {
            var v = $.cookie('per_page_count',{'path':'/user_list/'});
            $('#pg').val(v);
        });

        function ChangePageSize(ths) {
            var v = $(ths).val();
            $.cookie('per_page_count',v,{'path':'/user_list/'});
            location.reload()
        }
    </script>
</body>

處理文件:

from django.utils.safestring import  mark_safe
def user_list(request):
    current_page = request.GET.get('p', 1)
    current_page = int(current_page)

    per_page_count = request.COOKIES.get('per_page_count',10)   #獲取cookie值
    per_page_count = int(per_page_count)

    page_obj = Page(current_page,len(LIST),per_page_count)

    data = LIST[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]

    page_str = page_obj.page_str("/user_list/")

    return render(request, 'user_list.html', {'li': data,'page_str': page_str})

四、登陸認證(裝飾器)

FBV：

 1 from django.shortcuts import render
 2 
 3 from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse,redirect
 4 from django.shortcuts import reverse
 5 
 6 user_info = {
 7     'James': {'pwd': '123456'},
 8     'lianzhilei': {'pwd': '123456'}
 9 }
10 
11 def login(request):
12     if request.method == 'GET':
13         return render(request, 'login.html')
14     if request.method == 'POST':
15         u = request.POST.get('username')
16         p = request.POST.get('pwd')
17         dic = user_info.get(u)
18         if not dic:
19             return render(request, 'login.html')
20         if dic['pwd'] == p:
21             result = redirect('/index/')
22             result.set_cookie('username', u)  # 設置cookie值
23             return result
24         else:
25             return render(request, 'login.html')
26 
27 def auth(func):
28     def inner(request,*args,**kwargs):
29         v = request.COOKIES.get('username')  # 獲取cookie值
30         if not v:
31             return redirect('/login/')
32         return  func(request,*args,**kwargs)
33     return inner
34 
35 @auth               #認證裝飾
36 def index(request):
37     v = request.COOKIES.get('username')
38     return render(request, 'index.html', {'current_user': v})

views.py

CBV:

  1 from django.shortcuts import render
  2 
  3 from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse,redirect
  4 from django.shortcuts import reverse
  5 
  6 user_info = {
  7     'James': {'pwd': '123456'},
  8     'lianzhilei': {'pwd': '123456'}
  9 }
 10 
 11 def login(request):
 12     if request.method == 'GET':
 13         return render(request, 'login.html')
 14     if request.method == 'POST':
 15         u = request.POST.get('username')
 16         p = request.POST.get('pwd')
 17         dic = user_info.get(u)
 18         if not dic:
 19             return render(request, 'login.html')
 20         if dic['pwd'] == p:
 21             result = redirect('/index/')
 22             result.set_cookie('username', u)  # 設置cookie值
 23             return result
 24         else:
 25             return render(request, 'login.html')
 26 
 27 def auth(func):
 28     def inner(request,*args,**kwargs):
 29         v = request.COOKIES.get('username')  # 獲取cookie值
 30         if not v:
 31             return redirect('/login/')
 32         return  func(request,*args,**kwargs)
 33     return inner
 34 
 35 from django import views
 36 from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
 37 
 38 @method_decorator(auth,name='dispatch')     #第一種方式
 39 class Order(views.View):
 40 
 41     # @method_decorator(auth)                   #第二種方式
 42     # def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
 43     #     return super(Order,self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
 44 
 45     # @method_decorator(auth)                   #單獨添加
 46     def get(self,reqeust):
 47         v = reqeust.COOKIES.get('username111')
 48         return render(reqeust,'index.html',{'current_user': v})
 49 
 50     def post(self,reqeust):
 51         v = reqeust.COOKIES.get('username111')
 52         return render(reqeust,'index.html',{'current_user': v})
 53 
 54 
 55 
 56 
 57 
 58 
 59 
 60 
 61 
 62 
 63 
 64 
 65 
 66 
 67 
 68 
 69 LIST = []
 70 for i in range(199):
 71     LIST.append(i)
 72 
 73 class Page:
 74     def __init__(self, current_page, data_count, per_page_count=10, pager_num=7):
 75         self.current_page = current_page
 76         self.data_count = data_count
 77         self.per_page_count = per_page_count
 78         self.pager_num = pager_num
 79 
 80     @property
 81     def start(self):
 82         return (self.current_page - 1) * self.per_page_count
 83 
 84     @property
 85     def end(self):
 86         return self.current_page * self.per_page_count
 87 
 88     @property
 89     def total_count(self):
 90         v, y = divmod(self.data_count, self.per_page_count)
 91         if y:
 92             v += 1
 93         return v
 94 
 95     def page_str(self, base_url):
 96         page_list = []
 97 
 98         if self.total_count < self.pager_num:
 99             start_index = 1
100             end_index = self.total_count + 1
101         else:
102             if self.current_page <= (self.pager_num + 1) / 2:
103                 start_index = 1
104                 end_index = self.pager_num + 1
105             else:
106                 start_index = self.current_page - (self.pager_num - 1) / 2
107                 end_index = self.current_page + (self.pager_num + 1) / 2
108                 if (self.current_page + (self.pager_num - 1) / 2) > self.total_count:
109                     end_index = self.total_count + 1
110                     start_index = self.total_count - self.pager_num + 1
111 
112         if self.current_page == 1:
113             prev = '<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0);">上一頁</a>'
114         else:
115             prev = '<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">上一頁</a>' % (base_url, self.current_page - 1,)
116         page_list.append(prev)
117 
118         for i in range(int(start_index), int(end_index)):
119             if i == self.current_page:
120                 temp = '<a class="page active" href="%s?p=%s">%s</a>' % (base_url, i, i)
121             else:
122                 temp = '<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">%s</a>' % (base_url, i, i)
123             page_list.append(temp)
124 
125         if self.current_page == self.total_count:
126             nex = '<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0);">下一頁</a>'
127         else:
128             nex = '<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">下一頁</a>' % (base_url, self.current_page + 1,)
129         page_list.append(nex)
130 
131         jump = """
132         <input type='text'  /><a onclick='jumpTo(this, "%s?p=");'>GO</a>
133         <script>
134             function jumpTo(ths,base){
135                 var val = ths.previousSibling.value;
136                 location.href = base + val;
137             }
138         </script>
139         """ % (base_url,)
140 
141         page_list.append(jump)
142 
143         page_str = mark_safe("".join(page_list))
144 
145         return page_str
146 
147 from django.utils.safestring import  mark_safe
148 def user_list(request):
149     current_page = request.GET.get('p', 1)
150     current_page = int(current_page)
151 
152     per_page_count = request.COOKIES.get('per_page_count',10)   #獲取cookie值
153     per_page_count = int(per_page_count)
154 
155     page_obj = Page(current_page,len(LIST),per_page_count)
156 
157     data = LIST[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]
158 
159     page_str = page_obj.page_str("/user_list/")
160 
161     return render(request, 'user_list.html', {'li': data,'page_str': page_str})
162 
163 
164 
165 
166 
167 # def user_list(request):
168 #     current_page = request.GET.get('p',1)
169 #     current_page = int(current_page)
170 #
171 #     start = (current_page-1)*10
172 #     end = current_page*10
173 #     data = LIST[start:end]
174 #
175 #     all_count = len(LIST)
176 #     count,y = divmod(all_count,10)          #整除、餘數
177 #     if y :                                  #餘數不爲零
178 #         count +=1
179 #
180 #     page_list = []
181 #     for i in range(1,count+1):
182 #         if i == current_page:
183 #             temp = '<a class="page active" href="/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>'%(i,i)
184 #         else:
185 #             temp = '<a class="page" href="/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>'%(i,i)
186 #
187 #         page_list.append(temp)
188 #
189 #     page_str = mark_safe(''.join(page_list))        #xss攻擊 不加入此項 page_str傳到前端後，顯示的是字符串
190 #                                                     #而不是html語言
191 #     # 另外一種方式在前端作
192 #     # {{ page_str|safe }}
193 #
194 #     return render(request,'user_list.html',{'li':data,'page_str':page_str})

views.py

Session

一、概述

二者區別：Cookie是保存在用戶瀏覽器端的鍵值對，Session是保存在服務器端的鍵值對；Cookie作用戶驗證的時，敏感信息不適合放在Cookie中，別人能夠分析存放在本地的Cookie並進行Cookie欺騙，考慮到安全應當使用Session；用戶驗證時二者要結合使用，Session可保存到文件，內存，數據庫任意地方

① 獲取

# 獲取Session中數據
request.session['k1']
request.session.get('k1', None)

② 生成　　

# 生成Session中數據
request.session['k1'] = 123
request.session.setdefault('k1', 123)  # 存在則不設置

③ 刪除

# 刪除Session中某條數據
del request.session['k1']

# 刪除當前用戶的全部Session數據
request.session.delete("session_key")
request.session.clear()         #註銷時可用

④ 鍵值對

# 全部 鍵、值、鍵值對
request.session.keys()
request.session.values()
request.session.items()
request.session.iterkeys()
request.session.itervalues()
request.session.iteritems()

⑤ 超時時間

# 設置超時時間
request.session.set_expiry(value)       #默認超時時間爲兩週
*若是value是個整數，session會在些秒數後失效。
*若是value是個datatime或timedelta，session就會在這個時間後失效。
*若是value是0, 用戶關閉瀏覽器session就會失效。
*若是value是None, session會依賴全局session失效策略。

⑥ 其餘　　

# 用戶session的隨機字符串
request.session.session_key

# 將全部Session失效日期小於當前日期的數據刪除
request.session.clear_expired()

# 檢查 用戶session的隨機字符串 在數據庫中是否 通常用不到
request.session.exists("session_key")

二、用戶登陸

利用Session作用戶登陸頁面，只有登陸成功才能進入到後臺管理

HTML文件：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/login/" method="post">
        <input type="text" name="user" />
        <input type="text" name="pwd" />
        <input type="checkbox" name="session" value="1"/> 保存1個月
        <input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    {{ request.session.username }}
</body>
</html>

index.html

處理文件：

def login(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request,'login.html')
    elif request.method == 'POST':
        user = request.POST.get('user')
        pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
        if user == 'root' and pwd == "123":
            # 生成隨機字符串
            # 寫到用戶瀏覽器Cookie
            # 保存到Session中
            #　在隨機字符串對應的字典中設置相關內容．．．
            request.session['username'] = user
            request.session['if_login'] = True  #可不加 直接判斷username也能夠
            if request.POST.get('session') == '1':    #單獨設置超時時間，當前session生效，不影響全局
                request.session.set_expiry(10)      #10秒
            return redirect('/index/')
        else:
            return redirect('/login/')

def index(request):
    # 獲取當前用戶的隨機字符串
    # 根據隨機字符串獲取對應信息
    if request.session.get('if_login'):
        return render(request, 'index.html')
    else:
        return redirect('/login/')

三、數據庫存儲Session

Django默認支持Session，而且默認是將Session數據存儲在數據庫中，即：django_session表中

配置settings.py
SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.db'  # 引擎（默認）

SESSION_COOKIE_NAME ＝ "sessionid"  # Session的cookie保存在瀏覽器上時的key，即：sessionid＝隨機字符串（默認）
SESSION_COOKIE_PATH ＝ "/"  # Session的cookie保存的路徑（默認）
SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN = None  # Session的cookie保存的域名（默認）
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = False  # 是否Https傳輸cookie（默認）
SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = True  # 是否Session的cookie只支持http傳輸（默認）
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 1209600  # Session的cookie失效日期（2周）（默認）
SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = False  # 是否關閉瀏覽器使得Session過時（默認）
SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST = False  # 是否每次請求都保存Session，默認修改以後才保存（默認）
                                    #  設置Ture後，每次點擊頁面，時間更新

默認爲數據庫存儲session

四、緩存存儲Session

配置settings.py

SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'  # 引擎
SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS = 'default'  # 使用的緩存別名（默認內存緩存，也能夠是memcache），此處別名依賴緩存的設置

SESSION_COOKIE_NAME ＝ "sessionid"  # Session的cookie保存在瀏覽器上時的key，即：sessionid＝隨機字符串
SESSION_COOKIE_PATH ＝ "/"  # Session的cookie保存的路徑
SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN = None  # Session的cookie保存的域名
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = False  # 是否Https傳輸cookie
SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = True  # 是否Session的cookie只支持http傳輸
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 1209600  # Session的cookie失效日期（2周）
SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = False  # 是否關閉瀏覽器使得Session過時
SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST = False  # 是否每次請求都保存Session，默認修改以後才保存

本地內存存儲session

能夠設置爲Memcache緩存，默認不支持redis（可使用網上插件）

配置settings.py

SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'  # 引擎
SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS = 'db'  # 使用的緩存別名，此處別名依賴緩存的設置

CACHES = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
        'LOCATION': [
            '172.19.26.240:11211',
            '172.19.26.242:11211',
        ]
    },
    'db': {
        'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
        'LOCATION': [
            '172.19.26.240:11211',
            '172.19.26.242:11211',
        ]
    }
}

Memcache緩存

五、文件存儲Session

配置 settings.py
 
    SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.file'    # 引擎
    SESSION_FILE_PATH = None                                    # 緩存文件路徑，若是爲None，則使用tempfile模塊獲取一個臨時地址tempfile.gettempdir()                                                            # 如：/var/folders/d3/j9tj0gz93dg06bmwxmhh6_xm0000gn/T
 
 
    SESSION_COOKIE_NAME ＝ "sessionid"                          # Session的cookie保存在瀏覽器上時的key，即：sessionid＝隨機字符串
    SESSION_COOKIE_PATH ＝ "/"                                  # Session的cookie保存的路徑
    SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN = None                                # Session的cookie保存的域名
    SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = False                               # 是否Https傳輸cookie
    SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = True                              # 是否Session的cookie只支持http傳輸
    SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 1209600                                # Session的cookie失效日期（2周）
    SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = False                     # 是否關閉瀏覽器使得Session過時
    SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST = False                          # 是否每次請求都保存Session，默認修改以後才保存

文件session

六、緩存+數據庫Session

數據庫用於作持久化，緩存用於提升效率,先去緩存中取數據，緩存沒有再去數據庫中取，而後在緩存中存一份

配置settings.py

SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cached_db'  # 引擎

緩存結合數據庫

七、加密cookie Session

數據都存在於客戶端
配置settings.py

SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.signed_cookies'  # 引擎

加密session

注：當使用Session時，須要執行makemigrations和 migrate，數據庫上會自動生成django_session數據表

《第二十一章》

相關標籤/搜索

cookie&session&localstorage

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