服務器系統是 Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty LTS 64bit,下面是掛載磁盤的筆記,僅供參考,注意參數要根據具體狀況修改。node
# fdisk -l root@BBY-Dev02:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders, total 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000da36d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvda1 * 2048 41940991 20969472 83 Linux Disk /dev/xvdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders, total 419430400 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/xvdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
最後一句 Disk /dev/xvdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
說明有未掛載的磁盤linux
root@BBY-Dev02:~# fdisk /dev/xvdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xc9a280eb. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): Using default response p Partition number (1-4, default 1): Using default value 1 First sector (2048-419430399, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-419430399, default 419430399): Using default value 419430399 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
貌似分區成功,用 fdisk
命令檢查一下:服務器
root@BBY-Dev02:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders, total 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000da36d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvda1 * 2048 41940991 20969472 83 Linux Disk /dev/xvdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 86 heads, 25 sectors/track, 195083 cylinders, total 419430400 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc9a280eb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvdb1 2048 419430399 209714176 83 Linux
Disk /dev/xvdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes
至少說明掛載成功了。async
使用 mksf.ext3
格式化分區ide
root@BBY-Dev02:~# mkfs.ext3 /dev/xvdb mke2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 13107200 inodes, 52428800 blocks 2621440 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 1600 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
mount /dev/xvdb /projects
幹了一件錯事,因爲 /projects 目錄下有文件,mount 後 /projects 文件消失了。。。我暈!
掛載點必須是一個已經存在的目錄,這個目錄能夠不爲空,但掛載後這個目錄下之前的內容將不可用,umount之後會恢復正常ui
重啓後發現掛載的磁盤不見了,原來 mount 命令只是臨時的,因此把它寫入開機啓動
注意一下 /etc/fstab 和 /etc/mtab 的區別:this
etc/fstab: 記錄了計算機上硬盤分區的相關信息,啓動 Linux 的時候,檢查分區的 fsck 命令,和掛載分區的 mount 命令,都須要 fstab 中的信息,來正確的檢查和掛載硬盤。 /etc/mtab: This changes continuously as the file /proc/mount changes. In other words, when filesystems are mounted and unmounted, the change is immediately reflected in this file. 記載的是如今系統已經裝載的文件系統,包括操做系統創建的虛擬文件等;而/etc/fstab是系統準備裝載的。 每當 mount 掛載分區、umount 卸載分區,都會動態更新 mtab,mtab 老是保持着當前系統中已掛載的分區信息,fdisk、df 這類程序,必需要讀取 mtab 文件,才能得到當前系統中的分區掛載狀況。 固然咱們本身還能夠經過讀取/proc/mount也能夠來獲取當前掛載信息
在linux中 /etc/fstab
的數據項以下所示:操作系統
設備名稱 掛載點 分區的類型 掛載選項 dump選項 fsck選項 LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
設備名稱項,能夠是實際的設備名稱/dev/sda1,也能夠是實際設備的標籤例如LABLE=/,咱們能夠知道 LABEL=/1是/dev/sda1的標籤;那咱們用什麼命令來爲實際的設備設置標籤的方法,對於ext3和ext2文件系統,咱們能夠用 e2label 來設置 e2label device [newlabel],好比咱們想把文件系統爲ext3 的分區/dev/hda1的標籤設備爲 /1 ,咱們應該執行以下的命令:[root@localhost beinan]# e2label /dev/hda1 /1code
掛載點,沒什麼多說的,/、 /usr、 swap 都是系統安裝時分區的默認掛載點。方法以下:
root@localhostbeinan]# mkdir /mnt/hda1 注:建立掛載/dev/hda1分區的目錄;orm
[root@localhost beinan]# chmod 777 /mnt/hda1 注:打開權限,全部用戶可讀可寫可執行,執行完了以上兩步就能夠再/etc/fstab裏 使用這個掛載點了
文件系統類形:
Linux file systems: ext2, ext3, jfs, reiserfs, reiser4, xfs, swap. Windows: vfat = FAT 32, FAT 16 ntfs= NTFS Note: For NTFS rw ntfs-3g CD/DVD/iso: iso9660 Network file systems: nfs: server:/shared_directory /mnt/nfs nfs <options> 0 0 smb: //win_box/shared_folder /mnt/samba smbfs rw,credentials=/home/user_name/winbox-credentials.txt 0 0 auto: The file system type (ext3, iso9660, etc) it detected automatically. Usually works. Used for removable devices (CD/DVD, Floppy drives, or USB/Flash drives) as the file system may vary on thesedevices.
掛載選項,下面列舉幾個經常使用的:
auto: 系統自動掛載,fstab默認就是這個選項
defaults: rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, and async.
noauto 開機不自動掛載
nouser 只有超級用戶能夠掛載
ro 按只讀權限掛載
rw 按可讀可寫權限掛載
user 任何用戶均可以掛載
請注意光驅和軟驅只有在裝有介質時才能夠進行掛載,所以它是noauto
dump
選項,設置是否讓備份程序dump備份文件系統,0爲忽略,1爲備份,若是上次用dump備份,將顯示備份至今的天數。
fsck
選項,告訴fsck程序以什麼順序檢查文件系統,爲0就表示不檢查,(/)分區永遠都是1,其它的分區只能從2開始,當數字相同就同時檢查(但不能有兩1), 注意:當你修改了/etc/fstab
後,必定要從新引導系統纔會有效。