IdentityServer4-用EF配置Client(一)

1、背景

IdentityServer4的介紹將再也不敘述,百度下能夠找到,且官網的快速入門例子也有翻譯的版本。這裏主要從Client應用場景方面介紹對IdentityServer4的應用。html

首先簡要介紹ID Token和Access Token:git

Access Token是受權第三方客戶端訪問受保護資源的令牌。 ID Token是第三方客戶端標識用戶身份認證的問令牌,是JSON Web Token格式。github

 


 

2、Client應用場景介紹

Client類是爲OpenID Connect或OAuth 2.0 協議建模的。web

咱們先看官網快速入門中給的Client例子sql

 public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
        {
            // client credentials client
            return new List<Client>
            {
                new Client
                {
                    ClientId = "Client",
                    AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ClientCredentials,
                    ClientSecrets =
                    {
                        new Secret("secret".Sha256())
                    },
                    AllowedScopes = { "api1" }
                },

                // resource owner password grant client
                new Client
                {
                    ClientId = "ro.client",
                    AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword,

                    ClientSecrets = 
                    {
                        new Secret("secret".Sha256())
                    },
                    AllowedScopes = { "api1" }                },

                // OpenID Connect hybrid flow and client credentials client (MVC)
                new Client
                {
                    ClientId = "mvc",
                    ClientName = "MVC Client",
                    AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.HybridAndClientCredentials,

                    ClientSecrets =
                    {
                        new Secret("secret".Sha256())
                    },

                    RedirectUris = { "http://localhost:5002/signin-oidc" },
                    PostLogoutRedirectUris = { "http://localhost:5002/signout-callback-oidc" },

                    AllowedScopes =
                    {
                        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
                        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,
                        "api1"
                    },
                    AllowOfflineAccess = true
                },

                // JavaScript Client
                new Client
                {
                    ClientId = "js",
                    ClientName = "JavaScript Client",
                    AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.Implicit,
                    AllowAccessTokensViaBrowser = true,

                    RedirectUris = { "http://localhost:5003/callback.html" },
                    PostLogoutRedirectUris = { "http://localhost:5003/index.html" },
                    AllowedCorsOrigins = { "http://localhost:5003" },

                    AllowedScopes =
                    {
                        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
                        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,
                        "api1"
                    },
                }
            };
        }

裏面主要介紹四種Client應用場景。數據庫

(1)客戶端模式(AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ClientCredentialsapi

    這是一種最簡單的受權方式,應用於服務於服務之間的通訊,token一般表明的是客戶端的請求,而不是用戶。瀏覽器

    使用這種受權類型,會向token endpoint發送token請求,並得到表明客戶機的access token。客戶端一般必須使用token endpoint的Client ID和secret進行身份驗證。服務器

    適用場景:用於和用戶無關,服務與服務之間直接交互訪問資源mvc

(2)密碼模式(ClientAllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword

    該方式發送用戶名和密碼到token endpoint,向資源服務器請求令牌。這是一種「非交互式」受權方法。

    官網上稱,爲了解決一些歷史遺留的應用場景,因此保留了這種受權方式,但不建議使用。

    適用場景:用於當前的APP是專門爲服務端設計的狀況。

(3)混合模式和客戶端模式(ClientAllowedGrantTypes =GrantTypes.HybridAndClientCredentials

       ClientCredentials受權方式在第一種應用場景已經介紹了,這裏主要介紹Hybrid受權方式。Hybrid是由Implicit和Authorization code結合起來的一種受權方式。其中Implicit用於身份認證,ID token被傳輸到瀏覽器並在瀏覽器進行驗證;而Authorization code使用反向通道檢索token和刷新token。

    推薦使用Hybrid模式。

    適用場景:用於MVC框架,服務器端 Web 應用程序和原生桌面/移動應用程序。

(4)簡化模式(ClientAllowedGrantTypes =GrantTypes.Implicit

    Implicit要麼僅用於服務端和JavaScript應用程序端進行身份認證,要麼用於身份身份驗證和access token的傳輸。

    在Implicit中,全部token都經過瀏覽器傳輸的。

    適用場景:JavaScript應用程序。


 

3、Server端搭建

爲了介紹IdentityServer4的Client應用場景,咱們須要先搭建IdentityServer服務端。

這裏搭建的是使用EF Core來作數據操做,保存到SQL Server中。

(1)新建API項目

(2)安裝IdentityServer4.EntityFramework包

(3)安裝IdentityServer4包

(4)右鍵項目的屬性,編輯項目的.csproj文件

添加以下元素

<ItemGroup>
    <DotNetCliToolReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet" Version="2.0.0" />
</ItemGroup>

如圖:

(5)cmd管理員身份進入項目目錄路徑(D:\IdentityServer4\Server),運行:dotnet ef

(6)項目內添加Config.cs類,代碼以下

 public class Config
    {
        public static List<TestUser> GetUsers()
        {
            return new List<TestUser>
            {
                new TestUser
                {
                    SubjectId = "1",
                    Username = "alice",
                    Password = "password",

                  Claims = new List<Claim>(){new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Role,"superadmin") }
                },
                new TestUser
                {
                    SubjectId = "2",
                    Username = "bob",
                    Password = "password",

                    Claims = new List<Claim>
                    {
                        new Claim("name", "Bob"),
                        new Claim("website", "https://bob.com")
                    },
                }
            };
        }

        public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
        {
            // client credentials client
            return new List<Client>
            {
                new Client
                {
                    ClientId = "Client",
                    AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ClientCredentials,
                    ClientSecrets =
                    {
                        new Secret("secret".Sha256())
                    },
                    AllowedScopes = { "api1" }
                },

                // resource owner password grant client
                new Client
                {
                    ClientId = "ro.client",
                    AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword,

                    ClientSecrets =
                    {
                        new Secret("secret".Sha256())
                    },
                    AllowedScopes = { "api1" }
                },

                // OpenID Connect hybrid flow and client credentials client (MVC)
                new Client
                {
                    ClientId = "mvc",
                    ClientName = "MVC Client",
                    AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.HybridAndClientCredentials,

                    ClientSecrets =
                    {
                        new Secret("secret".Sha256())
                    },

                    RedirectUris = { "http://localhost:5002/signin-oidc" },
                    PostLogoutRedirectUris = { "http://localhost:5002/signout-callback-oidc" },

                    AllowedScopes =
                    {
                        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
                        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,
                        "api1"
                    },
                    AllowOfflineAccess = true
                },

                // JavaScript Client
                new Client
                {
                    ClientId = "js",
                    ClientName = "JavaScript Client",
                    AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.Implicit,
                    AllowAccessTokensViaBrowser = true,

                    RedirectUris = { "http://localhost:5003/callback.html" },
                    PostLogoutRedirectUris = { "http://localhost:5003/index.html" },
                    AllowedCorsOrigins = { "http://localhost:5003" },

                    AllowedScopes =
                    {
                        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
                        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,
                        "api1"
                    },
                }
            };
        }
        public static IEnumerable<IdentityResource> GetIdentityResources()
        {
            return new List<IdentityResource>
            {
                new IdentityResources.OpenId(),
                new IdentityResources.Profile(),
            };
        }

        public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResources()
        {
            return new List<ApiResource>
            {
                new ApiResource("api1", "My API")
            };
        }

添加引用:

using IdentityModel;

using IdentityServer4;

using IdentityServer4.Models;

using IdentityServer4.Test;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Security.Claims;

(7)編輯Startup.cs文件的ConfigureServices方法,改爲以下代碼。

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            const string connectionString = @"Server=localhost;database=IdentityServer4;User ID=sa;Password=Pwd;trusted_connection=yes";
            var migrationsAssembly = typeof(Startup).GetTypeInfo().Assembly.GetName().Name;

            // configure identity server with in-memory stores, keys, clients and scopes
            services.AddIdentityServer()
                .AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
                .AddTestUsers(Config.GetUsers())
                // this adds the config data from DB (clients, resources)
                .AddConfigurationStore(options =>
                {
                    options.ConfigureDbContext = builder =>
                        builder.UseSqlServer(connectionString,
                            sql => sql.MigrationsAssembly(migrationsAssembly));
                })
                // this adds the operational data from DB (codes, tokens, consents)
                .AddOperationalStore(options =>
                {
                    options.ConfigureDbContext = builder =>
                        builder.UseSqlServer(connectionString,
                            sql => sql.MigrationsAssembly(migrationsAssembly));

                    // this enables automatic token cleanup. this is optional.
                    options.EnableTokenCleanup = false;//是否從數據庫清楚令牌數據,默認爲false
                    options.TokenCleanupInterval = 300;//令牌過時時間,默認爲3600秒,一個小時
                });
            //.AddInMemoryClients(Config.GetClients());
            services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1);
        }

添加引用:

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

using System.Reflection;

(8)cmd管理員身份進入到項目目錄路徑(D:\IdentityServer4\Server\Server),注意,多了一層目錄,分別運行如下兩條指令:

dotnet ef migrations add InitialIdentityServerPersistedGrantDbMigration -c PersistedGrantDbContext -o Data/Migrations/IdentityServer/PersistedGrantDb

dotnet ef migrations add InitialIdentityServerConfigurationDbMigration -c ConfigurationDbContext -o Data/Migrations/IdentityServer/ConfigurationDb

運行完後,項目中會多了一個Data文件夾

(9)在Startup.cs中添加初始化數據庫方法。

private void InitializeDatabase(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
    using (var serviceScope = app.ApplicationServices.GetService<IServiceScopeFactory>().CreateScope())
    {
        serviceScope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<PersistedGrantDbContext>().Database.Migrate();

        var context = serviceScope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<ConfigurationDbContext>();
        context.Database.Migrate();
        if (!context.Clients.Any())
        {
            foreach (var client in Config.GetClients())
            {
                context.Clients.Add(client.ToEntity());
            }
            context.SaveChanges();
        }

        if (!context.IdentityResources.Any())
        {
            foreach (var resource in Config.GetIdentityResources())
            {
                context.IdentityResources.Add(resource.ToEntity());
            }
            context.SaveChanges();
        }

        if (!context.ApiResources.Any())
        {
            foreach (var resource in Config.GetApiResources())
            {
                context.ApiResources.Add(resource.ToEntity());
            }
            context.SaveChanges();
        }
    }
}

添加引用:

using IdentityServer4.EntityFramework.DbContexts;

using IdentityServer4.EntityFramework.Mappers;

(10)在Startup.cs中的Configure方法修改爲如下代碼。

  public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            //if (env.IsDevelopment())
            //{
            //    app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            //}
            InitializeDatabase(app);
            //app.UseMvc();
        }

到這裏,把項目以控制檯形式運行

點擊運行,能夠跑起來,且生成數據庫IdentityServer4DB。

關於Client的說明能夠查閱官網資料:https://identityserver4.readthedocs.io/en/release/reference/client.html


 

源碼地址:https://github.com/Bingjian-Zhu/Server.git

服務端準備好以後,下篇文章開始介紹Client客戶端的應用。

文中若有錯漏,歡迎指正,將對此係列文章進行維護。

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