【整理】CSS佈局方案

咱們在平常開發中常常遇到佈局問題，下面羅列幾種經常使用的css佈局方案
話很少說，上代碼！

如下全部demo的源碼
github：https://github.com/zwwill/css-layout/tree/master/demo-1
連接: http://pan.baidu.com/s/1cHBH3g
密碼:obkb

居中佈局

如下居中佈局均以不定寬爲前提，定寬狀況包含其中

一、水平居中

a) inline-block + text-align

.parent{
    text-align: center;
}
.child{
    display: inline-block;
}

tips：此方案兼容性較好，可兼容至IE8，對於IE567並不支持inline-block，須要使用css hack進行兼容

b) table + margin

.child{
    display: table;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

tips：此方案兼容至IE8，可使用<table/>代替css寫法，兼容性良好

c) absolute + transform

.parent{
    position: relative;
    height:1.5em;
}
.child{
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
}

tips：此方案兼容至IE9，由於transform兼容性限制，若是.child爲定寬元素，可使用如下寫法，兼容性極佳

.parent{
    position: relative;
    height:1.5em;
}
.child{
    position: absolute;
    width:100px;
    left: 50%;
    margin-left:-50px;
}

d) flex + justify-content

.parent{
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
}
.child{
    margin: 0 auto;
}

tips：flex是一個強大的css，生而爲佈局，它能夠輕鬆的知足各類居中、對其、平分的佈局要求，但因爲現瀏覽器兼容性問題，此方案不多被使用，可是值得期待瀏覽器兼容性良好但那一天！

二、垂直

a) table-cell + vertial-align

.parent{
    display: table-cell;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

tips：可替換成<table />佈局，兼容性良好

b) absolute + transform

.parent{
    position: relative;
}
.child{
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
}

tips：存在css3兼容問題，定寬兼容性良好

c) flex + align-items

.parent{
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

tips：高版本瀏覽器兼容，低版本不適用

三、水平垂直

a) inline-block + table-cell + text-align + vertical-align

.parent{
    text-align: center;
    display: table-cell;
    vertical-align: middle;
}
.child{
    display: inline-block;
}

tips：兼容至IE8
b) absolute + transform

.parent{
    position: relative;
}
.child{
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
}

tips：兼容性稍差，兼容IE10以上
c) flex

.parent{
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}

tips：兼容差

多列布局

一、一列定寬，一列自適應

a) float + margin

.left{
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
}
.right{
    margin-left: 120px;
}

tips：此方案對於定寬佈局比較好，不定寬佈局推薦方法b
b) float + overflow

.left{
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
    margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
    overflow: hidden;
}

tips：我的經常使用寫法，此方案不論是多列定寬或是不定寬，均可以完美實現，同時能夠實現登高佈局
c) table

.parent{
    display: table; width: 100%;
    table-layout: fixed;
}
.left,.right{
    display: table-cell;
}
.left{
    width: 100px;
    padding-right: 20px;
}

d) flex

.parent{
    display: flex;
}
.left{
    width: 100px;
    padding-right: 20px;
}
.right{
    flex: 1;
}

二、多列定寬，一列自適應

a) float + overflow

.left,.center{
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
    margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
    overflow: hidden;
}

b) table

.parent{
    display: table; width: 100%;
    table-layout: fixed;
}
.left,.center,.right{
    display: table-cell;
}
.right{
    width: 100px;
    padding-right: 20px;
}

c) flex

.parent{
    display: flex;
}
.left,.center{
    width: 100px;
    padding-right: 20px;
}
.right{
    flex: 1;
}

三、一列不定寬，一列自適應

a) float + overflow

.left{
    float: left;
    margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
    overflow: hidden;
}
.left p{width: 200px;}

b) table

.parent{
    display: table; width: 100%;
}
.left,.right{
    display: table-cell;
}
.left{
    width: 0.1%;
    padding-right: 20px;
}
.left p{width:200px;}

c) flex

.parent{
    display: flex;
}
.left{
    margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
    flex: 1;
}
.left p{width: 200px;}

四、多列不定寬，一列自適應

a) float + overflow

.left,.center{
    float: left;
    margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
    overflow: hidden;
}
.left p,.center p{
    width: 100px;
}

五、等分

a) float + margin

.parent{
    margin-left: -20px;
}
.column{
    float: left;
    width: 25%;
    padding-left: 20px;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

b) table + margin

.parent-fix{
    margin-left: -20px;
}
.parent{
    display: table;
    width:100%;
    table-layout: fixed;
}
.column{
    display: table-cell;
    padding-left: 20px;
}

c) flex

.parent{
    display: flex;
}
.column{
    flex: 1;
}
.column+.column{
    margin-left:20px;
}

六、等高

a) float + overflow

.parent{
    overflow: hidden;
}
.left,.right{
    padding-bottom: 9999px;
    margin-bottom: -9999px;
}
.left{
    float: left; width: 100px;
}
.right{
    overflow: hidden;
}

b) table

.parent{
    display: table; 
    width: 100%;
}
.left{
    display:table-cell; 
    width: 100px;
    margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
    display:table-cell; 
}

c) flex

.parent{
    display:flex;
    width: 100%;
}
.left{
    width: 100px;
}
.right{
    flex:1;
}

並排等分，單排對齊靠左佈局

效果圖

flex

.main {
    display: flex;
    flex-flow: row wrap;
    justify-content: space-between;
}
.item {
    display: inline-block;
}
.empty{
    height: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
}

具體詳解請見下文
http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-dousydcs-km.html

聖盃佈局&雙飛翼佈局

此處僅爲代碼展現，差異講解請移駕下文
【方案】聖盃佈局&雙飛翼佈局

聖盃佈局

【JsFiddle】
https://jsfiddle.net/zwwill/px57xzp4/

<div class="container">
    <div class="header">header</div>
    <div class="wrapper clearfix">
        <div class="main col">main</div>
        <div class="left col">left</div>
        <div class="right col">right</div>
    </div>
    <div class="footer">footer</div>
</div>

.container {width: 500px; margin: 50px auto;}
.wrapper {padding: 0 100px 0 100px;}
.col {position: relative; float: left;}
.header,.footer {height: 50px;}
.main {width: 100%;height: 200px;}
.left {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100%;left: -100px;}
.right {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100px; right: -100px;}
.clearfix::after {content: ""; display: block; clear: both; visibility: hidden; height: 0; overflow: hidden;}

雙飛翼佈局

ps:
「這不是同樣的圖嘛？」
「對！就是同樣的，由於是解決同一種問題的嘛。」

【JsFiddle】
https://jsfiddle.net/zwwill/5xjyeu9d/

<div class="container">
    <div class="header">header</div>
    <div class="wrapper clearfix">
        <div class="main col">
            <div class="main-wrap">main</div>
        </div>
        <div class="left col">left</div>
        <div class="right col">right</div>
    </div>
    <div class="footer">footer</div>
</div>

.col {float: left;}
.header {height: 50px;}
.main {width: 100%;}
.main-wrap {margin: 0 100px 0 100px;height: 200px;}
.left {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100%;}
.right {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100px;}
.footer {height: 50px;}
.clearfix::after {content: ""; display: block; clear: both; visibility: hidden; height: 0; overflow: hidden;}

無名佈局

本身瞎搞的，簡單的絕對定位便可解決問題，爲啥還要搞什麼聖盃和雙飛翼
https://jsfiddle.net/zwwill/a...

<div class="header">header</div>
<div class="wrapper">
    <div class="main col">
        main
    </div>
    <div class="left col">
        left
    </div>
    <div class="right col">
        right
    </div>
</div>
<div class="footer">footer</div>

.wrapper { position: relative; }
.main { margin:0 100px;}
.left { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0;}
.right { position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0;}

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