爲了有更好的UI體驗,通常咱們會把button、textview等控件的背景設置上陰影。傳統的作法是美工提供一張具備陰影效果的nine patch圖,而後將其在xml文件中添加到background屬性。這種作法沒有問題,不過缺少靈活性。java
圖1.使用代碼生成的具備「陰影」效果的控件android
在android中,每一種在xml文件中定義的圖片,都可以使用java代碼生成,其中LayerDrawable對應的xml文件的根元素爲<layer-list>。ide
首先我介紹一下使用xml文件生成「陰影」背景效果圖片:函數
<?xml version= "1.0" encoding ="utf-8"?> <layer-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" > <item > <shape android:shape="rectangle" > <solid android:color="#ffbbbbbb" /> <corners android:radius="2dp" /> </shape> </item > <item android:bottom="1px" android:right="1px" > <shape android:shape="rectangle" > <solid android:color="#ffdddddd" /> <corners android:radius="2dp" /> <padding android:bottom="10dp" android:left="10dp" android:right="10dp" android:top="10dp" /> </shape> </item > </layer-list>
解析:this
1.shape元素生成ShapeDrawable對象,不過須要注意的是,xml中雖然指明生成"rectangle"類型的對象,但若是想要在java中生成的rectangle具備圓角,那麼java中對應的shape應該是RoundRectShape。
2.solid元素指明背景顏色,且paint的style爲fill。
3.第二個元素android:bottom等表明的是LayerDrawable中第二個drawable相對於第一個drawable的inset,對應的java代碼爲:
layerDrawable.setLayerInset(1, 0, 0, 1, 1);
源碼爲:
1 /** Specify modifiers to the bounds for the drawable[index]. 2 left += l 3 top += t; 4 right -= r; 5 bottom -= b; 6 */ 7 public void setLayerInset(int index, int l, int t, int r, int b) { 8 ChildDrawable childDrawable = mLayerState.mChildren[index]; 9 childDrawable.mInsetL = l; 10 childDrawable.mInsetT = t; 11 childDrawable.mInsetR = r; 12 childDrawable.mInsetB = b; 13 }
能夠看出setLayerInset()函數的做用就是將某層(層數從0開始計數)相對於上一層進行向裏偏移。固然若是傳入的數值爲負數,就是向外偏移了,不過這時上層就遮擋住下層了,失去了使用layer的意義了。spa
4.padding的做用一樣很是重要:3d
(1)當在最上層使用padding時,它指明的是最上層的drawable邊緣與內容之間的padding;code
(2)當在非最上層使用padding時,它指明當前層與上層之間的padding。
orm
下面使用java代碼生成LayerDrawable。xml
1 private void setLayerBg(View view){ 2 3 int radius0 = 10; 4 float[] outerR = new float[] { radius0, radius0, radius0, radius0, radius0, radius0, radius0, radius0 }; 5 RoundRectShape roundRectShape0 = new RoundRectShape(outerR, null, null); 6 7 int radius1 = 10; 8 float[] outerR1 = new float[] { radius1, radius1, radius1, radius1, radius1, radius1, radius1, radius1 }; 9 RoundRectShape roundRectShape1 = new RoundRectShape(outerR1, null, null); 10 11 ShapeDrawable shapeDrawableBg = new ShapeDrawable(); 12 13 shapeDrawableBg.setPadding(0, 0, 0, 0); 14 shapeDrawableBg.setShape(roundRectShape0); 15 16 shapeDrawableBg.getPaint().setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); 17 shapeDrawableBg.getPaint().setColor(0xffbbbbbb); 18 19 20 ShapeDrawable shapeDrawableFg = new ShapeDrawable(); 21 22 shapeDrawableFg.setPadding(23, 23, 23, 23); 23 shapeDrawableFg.setShape(roundRectShape1); 24 25 shapeDrawableFg.getPaint().setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); 26 shapeDrawableFg.getPaint().setColor(0xffdddddd); 27 28 Drawable[] layers = {shapeDrawableBg, shapeDrawableFg}; 29 LayerDrawable layerDrawable = new LayerDrawable(layers); 30 layerDrawable.setLayerInset(1, 0, 0, 1, 1); 31 32 view.setBackgroundDrawable(layerDrawable); 33 34 }
註釋我就不寫了,具體的解釋見上面的解析。
LayerDrawable和StateListDrawable相結合使用
當咱們遇到可點擊的控件時,須要給此控件自定義幾個不一樣狀態的background,好比按下效果、普通狀態效果,這時就須要用到StateListDrawable。
採用LayerDrawable生成的圖片具備的只是靜態屬性,當將不一樣狀態的LayerDrawable添加到一個StateListDrawable中,這樣控件不一樣狀態時均選擇是否具備陰影效果。
代碼以下:
1 @Override 2 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 3 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 4 setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); 5 6 text = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.text); 7 text.setBackgroundDrawable(getStateListDrawable()); 8 text.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { 9 10 @Override 11 public void onClick(View v) { 12 Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "ttt", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 13 } 14 }); 15 } 16 17 private Drawable getStateListDrawable(){ 18 19 StateListDrawable stateListDrawable = new StateListDrawable(); 20 21 int[] stateHighlighted = new int[]{android.R.attr.state_pressed}; 22 Drawable highlightedDrawable = getLayerDrawable(0xffcccccc); 23 stateListDrawable.addState(stateHighlighted, highlightedDrawable); 24 25 int[] stateNormal = new int[]{}; 26 Drawable normalDrawable = getLayerDrawable(0xffdddddd); 27 stateListDrawable.addState(stateNormal, normalDrawable); 28 29 return stateListDrawable; 30 } 31 32 private Drawable getLayerDrawable(int foregroundColor){ 33 34 int radius0 = 10; 35 float[] outerR = new float[] { radius0, radius0, radius0, radius0, radius0, radius0, radius0, radius0 }; 36 RoundRectShape roundRectShape0 = new RoundRectShape(outerR, null, null); 37 38 int radius1 = 10; 39 float[] outerR1 = new float[] { radius1, radius1, radius1, radius1, radius1, radius1, radius1, radius1 }; 40 RoundRectShape roundRectShape1 = new RoundRectShape(outerR1, null, null); 41 42 ShapeDrawable shapeDrawableBg = new ShapeDrawable(); 43 shapeDrawableBg.setPadding(0, 0, 0, 0); 44 shapeDrawableBg.setShape(roundRectShape0); 45 shapeDrawableBg.getPaint().setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); 46 shapeDrawableBg.getPaint().setColor(0xffbbbbbb); 47 48 ShapeDrawable shapeDrawableFg = new ShapeDrawable(); 49 shapeDrawableFg.setPadding(23, 23, 23, 23); 50 shapeDrawableFg.setShape(roundRectShape1); 51 shapeDrawableFg.getPaint().setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); 52 shapeDrawableFg.getPaint().setColor(foregroundColor); 53 54 Drawable[] layers = {shapeDrawableBg, shapeDrawableFg}; 55 LayerDrawable layerDrawable = new LayerDrawable(layers); 56 layerDrawable.setLayerInset(1, 0, 0, 1, 1); 57 58 return layerDrawable; 59 }
須要注意的是:當給View、TextView、ImageView、ViewGroup等類型的默認沒有按下事件的控件添加StateListDrawable時,控件須要設置上click事件,不然按下效果不起做用
備註:
這裏只是經過兩幅顏色單一的drawable錯位簡單的生成「陰影效果」,後續能夠經過shader等效果,生成逐漸淡出的「陰影」效果。
使用xml定義layer-list的示例:
使用layer-list定義的xml做爲button的背景。其中:
Button1:
1.底部drawable沒有設置padding
2.頂部drawable沒有設置padding
3.頂部drawable設置inset爲5px
android:left="5px"
android:top="5px"
android:bottom="5px"
android:right="5px"
button1背景的完整xml:
<?xml version= "1.0" encoding ="utf-8"?> <layer-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" > <item > <shape android:shape="rectangle" > <solid android:color="#ff00ff00" /> <corners android:radius="3dp" /> </shape> </item > <item android:left="5px" android:top="5px" android:bottom="5px" android:right="5px" > <shape android:shape="rectangle" > <solid android:color="#ffff0000" /> <corners android:radius="3dp" /> </shape> </item > </layer-list>
Button2:
1.底部drawable沒有設置padding
2.頂部drawable設置inset均爲5px
android:left="5px"
android:top="5px"
android:bottom="5px"
android:right="5px"
3.頂部drawable設置padding均爲50dp
<padding android:bottom="50dp" android:left="50dp" android:right="50dp" android:top="50dp" />
button2背景的完整xml:
<layer-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" > <!-- Z-Order 底部drawable --> <item > <shape android:shape="rectangle" > <solid android:color="#ff00ff00" /> <corners android:radius="3dp" /> </shape> </item > <!-- 頂部drawable --> <item android:left="5px" android:top="5px" android:bottom="5px" android:right="5px" > <shape android:shape="rectangle" > <solid android:color="#ffff0000" /> <corners android:radius="3dp" /> <padding android:bottom="50dp" android:left="50dp" android:right="50dp" android:top="50dp" /> </shape> </item > </layer-list>
Button3:
1.底部drawable設置padding均爲20dp
2.頂部drawable沒有設置inset
3.頂部drawable設置padding均爲50dp
<padding android:bottom="50dp" android:left="50dp" android:right="50dp" android:top="50dp" />
button3背景的完整xml:
<?xml version= "1.0" encoding ="utf-8"?> <layer-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" > <item> <shape android:shape="rectangle" > <solid android:color="#ff00ff00" /> <corners android:radius="3dp" /> <padding android:bottom="20dp" android:left="20dp" android:right="20dp" android:top="20dp" /> </shape> </item> <item> <shape android:shape="rectangle" > <solid android:color="#ffff0000" /> <corners android:radius="3dp" /> <padding android:bottom="50dp" android:left="50dp" android:right="50dp" android:top="50dp" /> </shape> </item> </layer-list>