github: https://github.com/EZLippi/Ti...html
項目主頁: http://sourceforge.net/projec...linux
這是全部函數的聲明:git
//處理從套接字上監聽到的一個 HTTP 請求,在這裏能夠很大一部分地體現服務器處理請求流程。 void accept_request(int); //返回給客戶端這是個錯誤請求,HTTP 狀態嗎 400 BAD REQUEST. void bad_request(int); //讀取服務器上某個文件寫到 socket 套接字。 void cat(int, FILE *); //主要處理髮生在執行 cgi 程序時出現的錯誤。 void cannot_execute(int); //把錯誤信息寫到 perror 並退出。 void error_die(const char *); //運行 cgi 程序的處理,也是個主要函數。 void execute_cgi(int, const char *, const char *, const char *); // 讀取套接字的一行,把回車換行等狀況都統一爲換行符結束。 int get_line(int, char *, int); //把 HTTP 響應的頭部寫到套接字。 void headers(int, const char *); //主要處理找不到請求的文件時的狀況。 void not_found(int); //調用 cat 把服務器文件返回給瀏覽器。 void serve_file(int, const char *); //初始化 httpd 服務,包括創建套接字,綁定端口,進行監聽等。 int startup(u_short *); //返回給瀏覽器代表收到的 HTTP 請求所用的 method 不被支持。 void unimplemented(int);
建議源碼閱讀順序: main -> startup -> accept_request -> execute_cgi, 通曉主要工做流程後再仔細把每一個函數的源碼看一看。
管道初始狀態github
管道最終狀態web
源碼已寫了註釋,放在 Github: 這裏數組
懶得跳轉的同窗看下面....瀏覽器
/* J. David's webserver */ /* This is a simple webserver. * Created November 1999 by J. David Blackstone. * CSE 4344 (Network concepts), Prof. Zeigler * University of Texas at Arlington */ /* This program compiles for Sparc Solaris 2.6. * To compile for Linux: * 1) Comment out the #include <pthread.h> line. * 2) Comment out the line that defines the variable newthread. * 3) Comment out the two lines that run pthread_create(). * 4) Uncomment the line that runs accept_request(). * 5) Remove -lsocket from the Makefile. */ #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <strings.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define ISspace(x) isspace((int)(x)) #define SERVER_STRING "Server: jdbhttpd/0.1.0\r\n" void accept_request(int); void bad_request(int); void cat(int, FILE *); void cannot_execute(int); void error_die(const char *); void execute_cgi(int, const char *, const char *, const char *); int get_line(int, char *, int); void headers(int, const char *); void not_found(int); void serve_file(int, const char *); int startup(u_short *); void unimplemented(int); /**********************************************************************/ /* A request has caused a call to accept() on the server port to * return. Process the request appropriately. * Parameters: the socket connected to the client */ /**********************************************************************/ void accept_request(int client) { char buf[1024]; int numchars; char method[255]; char url[255]; char path[512]; size_t i, j; struct stat st; int cgi = 0; /* becomes true if server decides this is a CGI program */ char *query_string = NULL; /*獲得請求的第一行*/ numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf)); i = 0; j = 0; /*把客戶端的請求方法存到 method 數組*/ while (!ISspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(method) - 1)) { method[i] = buf[j]; i++; j++; } method[i] = '\0'; /*若是既不是 GET 又不是 POST 則沒法處理 */ if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") && strcasecmp(method, "POST")) { unimplemented(client); return; } /* POST 的時候開啓 cgi */ if (strcasecmp(method, "POST") == 0) cgi = 1; /*讀取 url 地址*/ i = 0; while (ISspace(buf[j]) && (j < sizeof(buf))) j++; while (!ISspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(url) - 1) && (j < sizeof(buf))) { /*存下 url */ url[i] = buf[j]; i++; j++; } url[i] = '\0'; /*處理 GET 方法*/ if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0) { /* 待處理請求爲 url */ query_string = url; while ((*query_string != '?') && (*query_string != '\0')) query_string++; /* GET 方法特色,? 後面爲參數*/ if (*query_string == '?') { /*開啓 cgi */ cgi = 1; *query_string = '\0'; query_string++; } } /*格式化 url 到 path 數組,html 文件都在 htdocs 中*/ sprintf(path, "htdocs%s", url); /*默認狀況爲 index.html */ if (path[strlen(path) - 1] == '/') strcat(path, "index.html"); /*根據路徑找到對應文件 */ if (stat(path, &st) == -1) { /*把全部 headers 的信息都丟棄*/ while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) /* read & discard headers */ numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf)); /*迴應客戶端找不到*/ not_found(client); } else { /*若是是個目錄,則默認使用該目錄下 index.html 文件*/ if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR) strcat(path, "/index.html"); if ((st.st_mode & S_IXUSR) || (st.st_mode & S_IXGRP) || (st.st_mode & S_IXOTH) ) cgi = 1; /*不是 cgi,直接把服務器文件返回,不然執行 cgi */ if (!cgi) serve_file(client, path); else execute_cgi(client, path, method, query_string); } /*斷開與客戶端的鏈接(HTTP 特色:無鏈接)*/ close(client); } /**********************************************************************/ /* Inform the client that a request it has made has a problem. * Parameters: client socket */ /**********************************************************************/ void bad_request(int client) { char buf[1024]; /*迴應客戶端錯誤的 HTTP 請求 */ sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 400 BAD REQUEST\r\n"); send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "Content-type: text/html\r\n"); send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "\r\n"); send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "<P>Your browser sent a bad request, "); send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "such as a POST without a Content-Length.\r\n"); send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0); } /**********************************************************************/ /* Put the entire contents of a file out on a socket. This function * is named after the UNIX "cat" command, because it might have been * easier just to do something like pipe, fork, and exec("cat"). * Parameters: the client socket descriptor * FILE pointer for the file to cat */ /**********************************************************************/ void cat(int client, FILE *resource) { char buf[1024]; /*讀取文件中的全部數據寫到 socket */ fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource); while (!feof(resource)) { send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource); } } /**********************************************************************/ /* Inform the client that a CGI script could not be executed. * Parameter: the client socket descriptor. */ /**********************************************************************/ void cannot_execute(int client) { char buf[1024]; /* 迴應客戶端 cgi 沒法執行*/ sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 500 Internal Server Error\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "Content-type: text/html\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "<P>Error prohibited CGI execution.\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); } /**********************************************************************/ /* Print out an error message with perror() (for system errors; based * on value of errno, which indicates system call errors) and exit the * program indicating an error. */ /**********************************************************************/ void error_die(const char *sc) { /*出錯信息處理 */ perror(sc); exit(1); } /**********************************************************************/ /* Execute a CGI script. Will need to set environment variables as * appropriate. * Parameters: client socket descriptor * path to the CGI script */ /**********************************************************************/ void execute_cgi(int client, const char *path, const char *method, const char *query_string) { char buf[1024]; int cgi_output[2]; int cgi_input[2]; pid_t pid; int status; int i; char c; int numchars = 1; int content_length = -1; buf[0] = 'A'; buf[1] = '\0'; if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0) /*把全部的 HTTP header 讀取並丟棄*/ while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) /* read & discard headers */ numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf)); else /* POST */ { /* 對 POST 的 HTTP 請求中找出 content_length */ numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf)); while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) { /*利用 \0 進行分隔 */ buf[15] = '\0'; /* HTTP 請求的特色*/ if (strcasecmp(buf, "Content-Length:") == 0) content_length = atoi(&(buf[16])); numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf)); } /*沒有找到 content_length */ if (content_length == -1) { /*錯誤請求*/ bad_request(client); return; } } /* 正確,HTTP 狀態碼 200 */ sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); /* 創建管道*/ if (pipe(cgi_output) < 0) { /*錯誤處理*/ cannot_execute(client); return; } /*創建管道*/ if (pipe(cgi_input) < 0) { /*錯誤處理*/ cannot_execute(client); return; } if ((pid = fork()) < 0 ) { /*錯誤處理*/ cannot_execute(client); return; } if (pid == 0) /* child: CGI script */ { char meth_env[255]; char query_env[255]; char length_env[255]; /* 把 STDOUT 重定向到 cgi_output 的寫入端 */ dup2(cgi_output[1], 1); /* 把 STDIN 重定向到 cgi_input 的讀取端 */ dup2(cgi_input[0], 0); /* 關閉 cgi_input 的寫入端 和 cgi_output 的讀取端 */ close(cgi_output[0]); close(cgi_input[1]); /*設置 request_method 的環境變量*/ sprintf(meth_env, "REQUEST_METHOD=%s", method); putenv(meth_env); if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0) { /*設置 query_string 的環境變量*/ sprintf(query_env, "QUERY_STRING=%s", query_string); putenv(query_env); } else { /* POST */ /*設置 content_length 的環境變量*/ sprintf(length_env, "CONTENT_LENGTH=%d", content_length); putenv(length_env); } /*用 execl 運行 cgi 程序*/ execl(path, path, NULL); exit(0); } else { /* parent */ /* 關閉 cgi_input 的讀取端 和 cgi_output 的寫入端 */ close(cgi_output[1]); close(cgi_input[0]); if (strcasecmp(method, "POST") == 0) /*接收 POST 過來的數據*/ for (i = 0; i < content_length; i++) { recv(client, &c, 1, 0); /*把 POST 數據寫入 cgi_input,如今重定向到 STDIN */ write(cgi_input[1], &c, 1); } /*讀取 cgi_output 的管道輸出到客戶端,該管道輸入是 STDOUT */ while (read(cgi_output[0], &c, 1) > 0) send(client, &c, 1, 0); /*關閉管道*/ close(cgi_output[0]); close(cgi_input[1]); /*等待子進程*/ waitpid(pid, &status, 0); } } /**********************************************************************/ /* Get a line from a socket, whether the line ends in a newline, * carriage return, or a CRLF combination. Terminates the string read * with a null character. If no newline indicator is found before the * end of the buffer, the string is terminated with a null. If any of * the above three line terminators is read, the last character of the * string will be a linefeed and the string will be terminated with a * null character. * Parameters: the socket descriptor * the buffer to save the data in * the size of the buffer * Returns: the number of bytes stored (excluding null) */ /**********************************************************************/ int get_line(int sock, char *buf, int size) { int i = 0; char c = '\0'; int n; /*把終止條件統一爲 \n 換行符,標準化 buf 數組*/ while ((i < size - 1) && (c != '\n')) { /*一次僅接收一個字節*/ n = recv(sock, &c, 1, 0); /* DEBUG printf("%02X\n", c); */ if (n > 0) { /*收到 \r 則繼續接收下個字節,由於換行符多是 \r\n */ if (c == '\r') { /*使用 MSG_PEEK 標誌使下一次讀取依然能夠獲得此次讀取的內容,可認爲接收窗口不滑動*/ n = recv(sock, &c, 1, MSG_PEEK); /* DEBUG printf("%02X\n", c); */ /*但若是是換行符則把它吸取掉*/ if ((n > 0) && (c == '\n')) recv(sock, &c, 1, 0); else c = '\n'; } /*存到緩衝區*/ buf[i] = c; i++; } else c = '\n'; } buf[i] = '\0'; /*返回 buf 數組大小*/ return(i); } /**********************************************************************/ /* Return the informational HTTP headers about a file. */ /* Parameters: the socket to print the headers on * the name of the file */ /**********************************************************************/ void headers(int client, const char *filename) { char buf[1024]; (void)filename; /* could use filename to determine file type */ /*正常的 HTTP header */ strcpy(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); /*服務器信息*/ strcpy(buf, SERVER_STRING); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); strcpy(buf, "\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); } /**********************************************************************/ /* Give a client a 404 not found status message. */ /**********************************************************************/ void not_found(int client) { char buf[1024]; /* 404 頁面 */ sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); /*服務器信息*/ sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "<HTML><TITLE>Not Found</TITLE>\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "<BODY><P>The server could not fulfill\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "your request because the resource specified\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "is unavailable or nonexistent.\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "</BODY></HTML>\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); } /**********************************************************************/ /* Send a regular file to the client. Use headers, and report * errors to client if they occur. * Parameters: a pointer to a file structure produced from the socket * file descriptor * the name of the file to serve */ /**********************************************************************/ void serve_file(int client, const char *filename) { FILE *resource = NULL; int numchars = 1; char buf[1024]; /*讀取並丟棄 header */ buf[0] = 'A'; buf[1] = '\0'; while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) /* read & discard headers */ numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf)); /*打開 sever 的文件*/ resource = fopen(filename, "r"); if (resource == NULL) not_found(client); else { /*寫 HTTP header */ headers(client, filename); /*複製文件*/ cat(client, resource); } fclose(resource); } /**********************************************************************/ /* This function starts the process of listening for web connections * on a specified port. If the port is 0, then dynamically allocate a * port and modify the original port variable to reflect the actual * port. * Parameters: pointer to variable containing the port to connect on * Returns: the socket */ /**********************************************************************/ int startup(u_short *port) { int httpd = 0; struct sockaddr_in name; /*創建 socket */ httpd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if (httpd == -1) error_die("socket"); memset(&name, 0, sizeof(name)); name.sin_family = AF_INET; name.sin_port = htons(*port); name.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); if (bind(httpd, (struct sockaddr *)&name, sizeof(name)) < 0) error_die("bind"); /*若是當前指定端口是 0,則動態隨機分配一個端口*/ if (*port == 0) /* if dynamically allocating a port */ { int namelen = sizeof(name); if (getsockname(httpd, (struct sockaddr *)&name, &namelen) == -1) error_die("getsockname"); *port = ntohs(name.sin_port); } /*開始監聽*/ if (listen(httpd, 5) < 0) error_die("listen"); /*返回 socket id */ return(httpd); } /**********************************************************************/ /* Inform the client that the requested web method has not been * implemented. * Parameter: the client socket */ /**********************************************************************/ void unimplemented(int client) { char buf[1024]; /* HTTP method 不被支持*/ sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 501 Method Not Implemented\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); /*服務器信息*/ sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Method Not Implemented\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "</TITLE></HEAD>\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "<BODY><P>HTTP request method not supported.\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "</BODY></HTML>\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); } /**********************************************************************/ int main(void) { int server_sock = -1; u_short port = 0; int client_sock = -1; struct sockaddr_in client_name; int client_name_len = sizeof(client_name); pthread_t newthread; /*在對應端口創建 httpd 服務*/ server_sock = startup(&port); printf("httpd running on port %d\n", port); while (1) { /*套接字收到客戶端鏈接請求*/ client_sock = accept(server_sock,(struct sockaddr *)&client_name,&client_name_len); if (client_sock == -1) error_die("accept"); /*派生新線程用 accept_request 函數處理新請求*/ /* accept_request(client_sock); */ if (pthread_create(&newthread , NULL, accept_request, client_sock) != 0) perror("pthread_create"); } close(server_sock); return(0); }
這裏咱們如何讓這個服務器跑起來呢?服務器