struts2請求處理過程源代碼分析(1)

轉載自:http://www.see-source.com/ 源碼解析網 java

網上對於struts2請求處理流程的講解仍是比較多的,有的仍是很是詳細的,因此這裏我就簡單地將大概流程總結下,有了個大概印象後理解起源碼就會有必定的思路了: web

struts2的請求處理過程其實是在初始化中加載的配置及容器的基礎上,經過請求的url分析出命名空間、action名稱、方法名稱,在利用命名空間檢索出該命名空間下配置的全部antion,在經過action名稱找到具體的action,生成action實例,若是該action上配置了攔截器則依次調用攔截器,以後調用action中方法名稱指定的方法,最後經過配置中的result返回相應視圖。 express

版本:struts2-2.1.6  xwork-2.1.2 apache

下面就經過源碼進行分析下: session

struts2中處理請求是經過過濾器org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher的doFilter()方法實現的,以下: app


public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
        ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();

        String timerKey = "FilterDispatcher_doFilter: ";
        try {

            // FIXME: this should be refactored better to not duplicate work with the action invocation
            ValueStack stack = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(ValueStackFactory.class).createValueStack();
            ActionContext ctx = new ActionContext(stack.getContext());
            ActionContext.setContext(ctx);

            UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);
            request = prepareDispatcherAndWrapRequest(request, response);
            ActionMapping mapping;
            try {
                mapping = actionMapper.getMapping(request, dispatcher.getConfigurationManager());
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                log.error("error getting ActionMapping", ex);
                dispatcher.sendError(request, response, servletContext, HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, ex);
                return;
            }

            if (mapping == null) {
                // there is no action in this request, should we look for a static resource?
                String resourcePath = RequestUtils.getServletPath(request);

                if ("".equals(resourcePath) && null != request.getPathInfo()) {
                    resourcePath = request.getPathInfo();
                }

                if (staticResourceLoader.canHandle(resourcePath)) {
                    staticResourceLoader.findStaticResource(resourcePath, request, response);
                } else {
                    // this is a normal request, let it pass through
                    chain.doFilter(request, response);
                }
                // The framework did its job here
                return;
            }

            dispatcher.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping);

        } finally {
            try {
                ActionContextCleanUp.cleanUp(req);
            } finally {
                UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);
            }
        }
    }

前2句比較簡單,向上轉換req、res爲標準接口HttpServletRequest、HttpServletResponse形式。req是org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade的實例,RequestFacade實現了接口HttpServletRequest,而HttpServletRequest繼承自ServletRequest接口。第3句,得到servletContext即servlet上下文,經過上下文對象能夠訪問web.xml描述文件的初始化參數。第4句定義timerKey變量,值是將當前過濾器的類名和當前方法名拼接起來,看下下面的代碼發現timerKey用於UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey)和UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey)倆句,其實這倆句並不屬於處理流程的功能代碼,而是性能代碼,主要是監測下doFilter()方法的執行時間,而後經過日誌打印出來,因此這倆句能夠不用理會。ValueStack stack = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(ValueStackFactory.class).createValueStack()句,首先經過dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(ValueStackFactory.class)從容器中得到type(類型)爲ValueStackFactory.class的bean,而後調用該bean的createValueStack()建立一個ValueStack實例。ValueStackFactory.class默認狀況下是使用struts-default.xml配置中的 <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStackFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStackFactory" />,即經過上面的容器返回的是個com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStackFactory實例,從名字看出其是個ValueStack工廠,經過調用該工廠的createValueStack()方法返回ValueStack實例。 jsp

ValueStack就是一般所說的"值棧",系統每次請求時都會建立個新的ValueStack,其中會保存着本次請求處理的全部中間數據,如:請求的action實例、各類servlet內置對象(request、response、session、application等)、請求參數等。F5看下定義: ide


public interface ValueStack {

    public static final String VALUE_STACK = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack.ValueStack";
    public static final String REPORT_ERRORS_ON_NO_PROP = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack.ReportErrorsOnNoProp";
    public abstract Map<String, Object> getContext();
    public abstract void setDefaultType(Class defaultType);
    public abstract void setExprOverrides(Map<Object, Object> overrides);
    public abstract Map<Object, Object> getExprOverrides();
    public abstract CompoundRoot getRoot();
    public abstract void setValue(String expr, Object value);
    public abstract void setValue(String expr, Object value, boolean throwExceptionOnFailure);
    public abstract String findString(String expr);
    public abstract Object findValue(String expr);
    public abstract Object findValue(String expr, Class asType);
    public abstract Object peek();
    public abstract Object pop();
    public abstract void push(Object o);
    public abstract void set(String key, Object o);
    public abstract int size();

}
是個接口,由於ValueStack自己是堆棧,因此咱們看到peek()、pop()、push()等堆棧方法都是有的,其中有個最重要的方法getContext()和getRoot(),getContext()返回的是個Map<String, Object>類型,通常請求中的參數、servlet各類內置對象都是存放在這個Map中。getRoot()返回的就是堆棧數據實際存放的地方,peek()、pop()、push()都是基於其操做的。CompoundRoot是個堆棧類,它繼承了java.util.ArrayList,並以此爲基礎實現了peek()、pop()、push()方法,從而能夠獨立的做爲堆棧使用。這樣的話ValueStack就沒必要在單獨實現堆棧功能,只須要在內部建立個CompoundRoot實例就可,其peek()、pop()、push()方法直接調用CompoundRoot的相應方法便可,實際上struts2中的 ValueStack默認實現類就是這樣作的。另外在這個堆棧中保存的最典型的數據就是action實例。有ognl知識的朋友知道,ognl中基於搜索的有倆個重要對象:上下文和根對象,實際上struts2在利用ognl時,是將getContext()得到的對象做爲ognl的上下文、getRoot()得到的做爲根對象。這就是爲何咱們在經過struts2標籤訪問action中屬性數據時不須要加"#",而訪問request、response、session中數據時須要加"#"的緣由了。由於ognl中訪問根對象是不須要加"#"的,而訪問上下文是須要加"#"的。爲了更好的理解這塊,建議你們先學習下ognl的使用方法及特性。爲了驗證上面的說法,我舉個例子,看下struts2的<s:property value=""/>標籤是如何使用ValueStack的,以及最後如何調用ognl的。


這裏還要事先交代下,在處理流程的後面處理中會將ValueStack(引用)存於倆個地:一個是ActionContext,另外一個是經過request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, valuesStack)將ValueStack存於request中。<s:property value=""/>標籤中使用的ValueStack是經過request得到的。下面看下<s:property value=""/>標籤的源碼,從struts2的標籤訂義文件struts-tags.tld中查到,該標籤對應的類是org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.PropertyTag,以下: 性能


public class PropertyTag extends ComponentTagSupport {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 435308349113743852L;

    private String defaultValue;
    private String value;
    private boolean escape = true;
    private boolean escapeJavaScript = false;

    public Component getBean(ValueStack stack, HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) {
        return new Property(stack);
    }

    protected void populateParams() {
        super.populateParams();

        Property tag = (Property) component;
        tag.setDefault(defaultValue);
        tag.setValue(value);
        tag.setEscape(escape);
        tag.setEscapeJavaScript(escapeJavaScript);
    }

    public void setDefault(String defaultValue) {
        this.defaultValue = defaultValue;
    }

    public void setEscape(boolean escape) {
        this.escape = escape;
    }

    public void setEscapeJavaScript(boolean escapeJavaScript) {
        this.escapeJavaScript = escapeJavaScript;
    }
    
    public void setValue(String value) {
        this.value = value;
    }
}
咱們要找下標籤的doStartTag(),這個方法會在標籤被處理前調用。關於標籤這塊,建議你們先學下jsp自定義標籤的使用。 

去它的父類ComponentTagSupport中找下: 學習


public abstract class ComponentTagSupport extends StrutsBodyTagSupport {
    protected Component component;

    public abstract Component getBean(ValueStack stack, HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res);

    public int doEndTag() throws JspException {
        component.end(pageContext.getOut(), getBody());
        component = null;
        return EVAL_PAGE;
    }

    public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
        component = getBean(getStack(), (HttpServletRequest) pageContext.getRequest(), (HttpServletResponse) pageContext.getResponse());
        Container container = Dispatcher.getInstance().getContainer();
        container.inject(component);
        
        populateParams();
        boolean evalBody = component.start(pageContext.getOut());

        if (evalBody) {
            return component.usesBody() ? EVAL_BODY_BUFFERED : EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE;
        } else {
            return SKIP_BODY;
        }
    }

    protected void populateParams() {
    }

    public Component getComponent() {
        return component;
    }
}

找到了。doStartTag()方法第1句,調用getBean(),其中有個參數調用了getStack(),實際上這個方法返回的就是我上面說的ValueStack。F5進入:


public class StrutsBodyTagSupport extends BodyTagSupport {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1201668454354226175L;

    protected ValueStack getStack() {
        return TagUtils.getStack(pageContext);
    }
    .
    .
    .
    //省略
}

該方法是在ComponentTagSupport的父類StrutsBodyTagSupport中。其中只有一句TagUtils.getStack(pageContext),pageContext就是servlet的頁面上下文內置對象,F5進入TagUtils.getStack(pageContext):


public static ValueStack getStack(PageContext pageContext) {
        HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) pageContext.getRequest();
        ValueStack stack = (ValueStack) req.getAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY);

        if (stack == null) {

            HttpServletResponse res = (HttpServletResponse) pageContext.getResponse();
            Dispatcher du = Dispatcher.getInstance();
            if (du == null) {
                throw new ConfigurationException("The Struts dispatcher cannot be found.  This is usually caused by "+
                        "using Struts tags without the associated filter. Struts tags are only usable when the request "+
                        "has passed through its servlet filter, which initializes the Struts dispatcher needed for this tag.");
            }
            stack = du.getContainer().getInstance(ValueStackFactory.class).createValueStack();
            Map<String, Object> extraContext = du.createContextMap(new RequestMap(req),
                    req.getParameterMap(),
                    new SessionMap(req),
                    new ApplicationMap(pageContext.getServletContext()),
                    req,
                    res,
                    pageContext.getServletContext());
            extraContext.put(ServletActionContext.PAGE_CONTEXT, pageContext);
            stack.getContext().putAll(extraContext);
            req.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, stack);

            // also tie this stack/context to the ThreadLocal
            ActionContext.setContext(new ActionContext(stack.getContext()));
        } else {
            // let's make sure that the current page context is in the action context
            Map<String, Object> context = stack.getContext();
            context.put(ServletActionContext.PAGE_CONTEXT, pageContext);

            AttributeMap attrMap = new AttributeMap(context);
            context.put("attr", attrMap);
        }

        return stack;
    }

方法第1句,經過頁面上下文對象pageContext得到本次請求的request對象,第2句在經過req.getAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY)得到ValueStack,由於事先struts2已經經過request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, valuesStack)將ValueStack存於request的ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY屬性中,因此經過第2句就能夠得到ValueStack,直接return stack返回到ComponentTagSupport類的doStartTag()方法,以下(我在把代碼粘下):


public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
        component = getBean(getStack(), (HttpServletRequest) pageContext.getRequest(), (HttpServletResponse) pageContext.getResponse());
        Container container = Dispatcher.getInstance().getContainer();
        container.inject(component);
        
        populateParams();
        boolean evalBody = component.start(pageContext.getOut());

        if (evalBody) {
            return component.usesBody() ? EVAL_BODY_BUFFERED : EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE;
        } else {
            return SKIP_BODY;
        }
    }

執行完getStack()接着看getBean()方法,在ComponentTagSupport類中能夠找到,getBean()方法被定義爲抽象方法,因此具體的實現要在其子類PropertyTag中找,F5進入:


public Component getBean(ValueStack stack, HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) {
        return new Property(stack);
    }

方法只有一句經過new 生成了Property實例,同時將stack做爲構造參數傳進去,這個stack就是咱們上面經過getStack()獲得的ValueStack,執行完後程序會從新回到ComponentTagSupport類的doStartTag()方法,我把代碼在粘下:


public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
        component = getBean(getStack(), (HttpServletRequest) pageContext.getRequest(), (HttpServletResponse) pageContext.getResponse());
        Container container = Dispatcher.getInstance().getContainer();
        container.inject(component);
        
        populateParams();
        boolean evalBody = component.start(pageContext.getOut());

        if (evalBody) {
            return component.usesBody() ? EVAL_BODY_BUFFERED : EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE;
        } else {
            return SKIP_BODY;
        }
    }

這樣component中實際引用的就是Property實例,第二、3句,調用容器,經過container.inject(component)將Property中須要注入的屬性賦值(帶有@Inject標註的)。populateParams()句將標籤屬性添加到component相應屬性中,如value、escape。核心在下面這句component.start(pageContext.getOut()),經過ognl訪問ValueStack從而得到標籤的value值,F5進入Property的start():


public boolean start(Writer writer) {
        boolean result = super.start(writer);

        String actualValue = null;

        if (value == null) {
            value = "top";
        }
        else {
        	value = stripExpressionIfAltSyntax(value);
        }

        // exception: don't call findString(), since we don't want the
        //            expression parsed in this one case. it really
        //            doesn't make sense, in fact.
        actualValue = (String) getStack().findValue(value, String.class);

        try {
            if (actualValue != null) {
                writer.write(prepare(actualValue));
            } else if (defaultValue != null) {
                writer.write(prepare(defaultValue));
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            LOG.info("Could not print out value '" + value + "'", e);
        }

        return result;
    }

直接看(String) getStack().findValue(value, String.class)  調用getStack()得到ValueStack,這個ValueStack實在Property實例生成時經過構造方法傳入的。以後調用ValueStack的findValue()方法, 其中參數value就是<s:property value=""/>標籤的value屬性值。咱們在上面說過ValueStack的實現類默認使用的是com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStack類,F5進入其findValue():


public Object findValue(String expr, Class asType) {
        try {
            if (expr == null) {
                return null;
            }

            if ((overrides != null) && overrides.containsKey(expr)) {
                expr = (String) overrides.get(expr);
            }

            Object value = ognlUtil.getValue(expr, context, root, asType);
            if (value != null) {
                return value;
            } else {
                return findInContext(expr);
            }
        } catch (OgnlException e) {
            return findInContext(expr);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logLookupFailure(expr, e);

            return findInContext(expr);
        } finally {
            ReflectionContextState.clear(context);
        }
    }

直接看ognlUtil.getValue(expr, context, root, asType)句,能夠看到content、root就是咱們上面說的ValueStack中getContext()和getRoot()方法中對應的屬性值,咱們說過它分別對應ognl中的上下文和根對象。ognlUtil是com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlUtil類的實例,是struts2中用於操做ognl而單獨封裝的管理類, F5進入ognlUtil.getValue()方法:


public Object getValue(String name, Map<String, Object> context, Object root, Class resultType) throws OgnlException {
        return Ognl.getValue(compile(name), context, root, resultType);
    }
實際上,上面的方法只是將name作處理後直接調用ognl的getValue()方法。context做爲ognl的上下文,root做爲ognl的根對象,name是屬性名。此時的root中就存放着當前action的實例。return返回的值就是<s:property value=""/>標籤最終所得到的值。說道這熟悉ognl的應該已經明白了。
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