Springboot的簡單RestfulCRUD實驗(下)

3、CRUD-員工列表

實驗要求:
1)、RestfulCRUD:CRUD知足Rest風格;
URI: /資源名稱/資源標識 HTTP請求方式區分對資源CRUD操做
1
2)、實驗的請求架構
2
效果圖:
3
4
3)、員工列表:
thymeleaf公共頁面元素抽取html

一、抽取公共片斷
<div th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>

二、引入公共片斷
<div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
~{templatename::selector}:模板名::選擇器
~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片斷名

三、默認效果:
insert的公共片斷在div標籤中
若是使用th:insert等屬性進行引入,能夠不用寫~{}:
行內寫法能夠加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})];

三種引入公共片斷的th屬性:java

th:insert:將公共片斷整個插入到聲明引入的元素中web

th:replace:將聲明引入的元素替換爲公共片斷json

th:include:將被引入的片斷的內容包含進這個標籤中瀏覽器

<footer th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>

引入方式
<div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>

效果
<div>
    <footer>
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </footer>
</div>

<footer>
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>

<div>
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>

引入片斷的時候傳入參數:架構

<nav class="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id="sidebar">
    <div class="sidebar-sticky">
        <ul class="nav flex-column">
            <li class="nav-item">
                <a class="nav-link active"
                   th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}"
                   href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}">
                    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-home">
                        <path d="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z"></path>
                        <polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline>
                    </svg>
                    Dashboard <span class="sr-only">(current)</span>
                </a>
            </li>

<!--引入側邊欄;傳入參數-->
<div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div>

6)、CRUD-員工添加
添加頁面app

<form>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>LastName</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Email</label>
        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Gender</label><br/>
        <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"  value="1">
            <label class="form-check-label">男</label>
        </div>
        <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"  value="0">
            <label class="form-check-label">女</label>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>department</label>
        <select class="form-control">
            <option>1</option>
            <option>2</option>
            <option>3</option>
            <option>4</option>
            <option>5</option>
        </select>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Birth</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加</button>
</form>

提交的數據格式不對:生日:日期;
2017-12-12;2017/12/12;2017.12.12;
日期的格式化;SpringMVC將頁面提交的值須要轉換爲指定的類型;
2017-12-12---Date; 類型轉換,格式化;
默認日期是按照/的方式;
7)、CRUD-員工修改
修改添加二合一表單ide

<!--須要區分是員工修改仍是添加;-->
<form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
    <!--發送put請求修改員工數據-->
    <!--
一、SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter;(SpringBoot自動配置好的)
二、頁面建立一個post表單
三、建立一個input項,name="_method";值就是咱們指定的請求方式
-->
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}">
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>LastName</label>
        <input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Email</label>
        <input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Gender</label><br/>
        <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}">
            <label class="form-check-label">男</label>
        </div>
        <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}">
            <label class="form-check-label">女</label>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>department</label>
        <!--提交的是部門的id-->
        <select class="form-control" name="department.id">
            <option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}" th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option>
        </select>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Birth</label>
        <input name="birth" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}">
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加</button>
</form>

8)、CRUD-員工刪除svg

<tr th:each="emp:${emps}">
    <td th:text="${emp.id}"></td>
    <td>[[${emp.lastName}]]</td>
    <td th:text="${emp.email}"></td>
    <td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'"></td>
    <td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td>
    <td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"></td>
    <td>
        <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">編輯</a>
        <button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn">刪除</button>
    </td>
</tr>


<script>
    $(".deleteBtn").click(function(){
        //刪除當前員工的
        $("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit();
        return false;
    });
</script>

4、錯誤處理機制

1)、SpringBoot默認的錯誤處理機制

默認效果:
​1)、瀏覽器,返回一個默認的錯誤頁面,瀏覽器發送請求的請求頭:
2)、若是是其餘客戶端,默認響應一個json數據
原理:
​ 能夠參照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;錯誤處理的自動配置;post

給容器中添加了如下組件

一、DefaultErrorAttributes:

幫咱們在頁面共享信息;
@Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
            boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
        errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
        addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
        addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        return errorAttributes;
    }

二、BasicErrorController:處理默認/error請求

@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
    
    @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//產生html類型的數據;瀏覽器發送的請求來到這個方法處理
    public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response) {
        HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
        Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
                request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
        response.setStatus(status.value());
        
        //去哪一個頁面做爲錯誤頁面;包含頁面地址和頁面內容
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
        return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
    }

    @RequestMapping
    @ResponseBody    //產生json數據,其餘客戶端來到這個方法處理;
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
                isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
        HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
        return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
    }

三、ErrorPageCustomizer:

@Value("${error.path:/error}")
    private String path = "/error";  系統出現錯誤之後來到error請求進行處理;(web.xml註冊的錯誤頁面規則)

四、DefaultErrorViewResolver

@Override
    public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
            Map<String, Object> model) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
        if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
            modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
        }
        return modelAndView;
    }

    private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
        //默認SpringBoot能夠去找到一個頁面?  error/404
        String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
        
        //模板引擎能夠解析這個頁面地址就用模板引擎解析
        TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
                .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
        if (provider != null) {
            //模板引擎可用的狀況下返回到errorViewName指定的視圖地址
            return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
        }
        //模板引擎不可用,就在靜態資源文件夾下找errorViewName對應的頁面   error/404.html
        return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
    }

*步驟:
​ 一但系統出現4xx或者5xx之類的錯誤;ErrorPageCustomizer就會生效(定製錯誤的響應規則);就會來到/error請求;就會被BasicErrorController處理;
​ 1)響應頁面;去哪一個頁面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver解析獲得的;*

protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
      HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
    //全部的ErrorViewResolver獲得ModelAndView
   for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
      ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
      if (modelAndView != null) {
         return modelAndView;
      }
   }
   return null;
}

2)、如何定製錯誤響應:

1)、如何定製錯誤的頁面;
(1)、有模板引擎的狀況下;error/狀態碼; 【將錯誤頁面命名爲 錯誤狀態碼.html 放在模板引擎文件夾裏面的 error文件夾下】,發生此狀態碼的錯誤就會來到 對應的頁面;
​ 咱們可使用4xx和5xx做爲錯誤頁面的文件名來匹配這種類型的全部錯誤,精確優先(優先尋找精確的狀態碼.html);
​ 頁面能獲取的信息;
​ timestamp:時間戳
​ status:狀態碼
​ error:錯誤提示
​ exception:異常對象
​ message:異常消息
​ errors:JSR303數據校驗的錯誤都在這裏
​ (2)、沒有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到這個錯誤頁面),靜態資源文件夾下找;
​ (3)、以上都沒有錯誤頁面,就是默認來到SpringBoot默認的錯誤提示頁面;
2)、如何定製錯誤的json數據;
(1)、自定義異常處理&返回定製json數據;

@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {

    @ResponseBody
    @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
    public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("code","user.notexist");
        map.put("message",e.getMessage());
        return map;
    }
}
//沒有自適應效果...

(2)、轉發到/error進行自適應響應效果處理

@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
    public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        //傳入咱們本身的錯誤狀態碼  4xx 5xx,不然就不會進入定製錯誤頁面的解析流程
        /**
         * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
         .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
         */
        request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
        map.put("code","user.notexist");
        map.put("message",e.getMessage());
        //轉發到/error
        return "forward:/error";
    }

(3)、將咱們的定製數據攜帶出去;
出現錯誤之後,會來到/error請求,會被BasicErrorController處理,響應出去能夠獲取的數據是由getErrorAttributes獲得的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)規定的方法);
​ 一、徹底來編寫一個ErrorController的實現類【或者是編寫AbstractErrorController的子類】,放在容器中;
​ 二、頁面上能用的數據,或者是json返回能用的數據都是經過errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes獲得;

三、容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默認進行數據處理的;自定義ErrorAttributes

//給容器中加入咱們本身定義的ErrorAttributes
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {

@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
    Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
    map.put("company","atguigu");
    return map;
}

}最終的效果:響應是自適應的,能夠經過定製ErrorAttributes改變須要返回的內容

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