一、Struts2架構圖
這是Struts2官方站點提供的Struts 2 的總體結構。
html
執行流程圖java
二、Struts2部分類介紹
這部分從Struts2參考文檔中翻譯就能夠了。
ActionMapper
ActionMapper實際上是HttpServletRequest和Action調用請求的一個映射,它屏蔽了Action對於Request等 java Servlet類的依賴。Struts2中它的默認實現類是DefaultActionMapper,ActionMapper很大的用處能夠根據本身的須要來設計url格式,它本身也有Restful的實現,具體能夠參考文檔的docs\actionmapper.html。
ActionProxy&ActionInvocation
Action的一個代理,由ActionProxyFactory建立,它自己不包括Action實例,默認實現DefaultActionProxy是由ActionInvocation持有Action實例。ActionProxy做用是如何取得Action,不管是本地仍是遠程。而 ActionInvocation的做用是如何執行Action,攔截器的功能就是在ActionInvocation中實現的。
ConfigurationProvider&Configuration
ConfigurationProvider就是Struts2中配置文件的解析器,Struts2中的配置文件主要是尤爲實現類 XmlConfigurationProvider及其子類StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider來解析。
三、Struts2請求流程
一、客戶端發送請求
二、請求先經過ActionContextCleanUp-->FilterDispatcher
三、FilterDispatcher經過ActionMapper來決定這個Request須要調用哪一個Action
四、若是ActionMapper決定調用某個Action,FilterDispatcher把請求的處理交給ActionProxy,這兒已經轉到它的Delegate--Dispatcher來執行
五、ActionProxy根據ActionMapping和ConfigurationManager找到須要調用的Action類
六、ActionProxy建立一個ActionInvocation的實例
七、ActionInvocation調用真正的Action,固然這涉及到相關攔截器的調用
八、Action執行完畢,ActionInvocation建立Result並返回,固然,若是要在返回以前作些什麼,能夠實現PreResultListener。添加PreResultListener能夠在Interceptor中實現。
另外一個版本:大同小異~
一個請求在Struts2框架中的處理大概分爲如下幾個步驟:
1.客戶端提起一個(HttpServletRequest)請求,如上文在瀏覽器中輸入」http://localhost:8080/TestMvc/add.action」就是提起一個(HttpServletRequest)請求。
2.請求被提交到一系列(主要是三層)的過濾器(Filter),如(ActionContextCleanUp、其餘過濾器(SiteMesh等)、 FilterDispatcher)。注意這裏是有順序的,先ActionContextCleanUp,再其餘過濾器(SiteMesh等)、最後到 FilterDispatcher。
3.FilterDispatcher是控制器的核心,就是mvc中c控制層的核心。下面粗略的分析下我理解的FilterDispatcher工做流程和原理:FilterDispatcher進行初始化並啓用核心doFilter
其代碼以下:
web
- public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException ...{
- HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
- HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
- ServletContext servletContext = filterConfig.getServletContext();
- // 在這裏處理了HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse。
- DispatcherUtils du = DispatcherUtils.getInstance();
- du.prepare(request, response);//正如這個方法名字同樣進行locale、encoding以及特殊request parameters設置
- try ...{
- request = du.wrapRequest(request, servletContext);//對request進行包裝
- } catch (IOException e) ...{
- String message = "Could not wrap servlet request with MultipartRequestWrapper!";
- LOG.error(message, e);
- throw new ServletException(message, e);
- }
- ActionMapperIF mapper = ActionMapperFactory.getMapper();//獲得action的mapper
- ActionMapping mapping = mapper.getMapping(request);// 獲得action 的 mapping
- if (mapping == null) ...{
- // there is no action in this request, should we look for a static resource?
- String resourcePath = RequestUtils.getServletPath(request);
- if ("".equals(resourcePath) && null != request.getPathInfo()) ...{
- resourcePath = request.getPathInfo();
- }
- if ("true".equals(Configuration.get(WebWorkConstants.WEBWORK_SERVE_STATIC_CONTENT))
- && resourcePath.startsWith("/webwork")) ...{
- String name = resourcePath.substring("/webwork".length());
- findStaticResource(name, response);
- } else ...{
- // this is a normal request, let it pass through
- chain.doFilter(request, response);
- }
- // WW did its job here
- return;
- }
- Object o = null;
- try ...{
- //setupContainer(request);
- o = beforeActionInvocation(request, servletContext);
- //整個框架最最核心的方法,下面分析
- du.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping);
- } finally ...{
- afterActionInvocation(request, servletContext, o);
- ActionContext.setContext(null);
- }
- }
- du.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping);
- //這個方法詢問ActionMapper是否須要調用某個Action來處理這個(request)請求,若是ActionMapper決定須要調用某個Action,FilterDispatcher把請求的處理交給ActionProxy
- public void serviceAction(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String namespace, String actionName, Map requestMap, Map parameterMap, Map sessionMap, Map applicationMap) ...{
- HashMap extraContext = createContextMap(requestMap, parameterMap, sessionMap, applicationMap, request, response, getServletConfig()); //實例化Map請求 ,詢問ActionMapper是否須要調用某個Action來處理這個(request)請求
- extraContext.put(SERVLET_DISPATCHER, this);
- OgnlValueStack stack = (OgnlValueStack) request.getAttribute(ServletActionContext.WEBWORK_VALUESTACK_KEY);
- if (stack != null) ...{
- extraContext.put(ActionContext.VALUE_STACK,new OgnlValueStack(stack));
- }
- try ...{
- ActionProxy proxy = ActionProxyFactory.getFactory().createActionProxy(namespace, actionName, extraContext);
- //這裏actionName是經過兩道getActionName解析出來的, FilterDispatcher把請求的處理交給ActionProxy,下面是ServletDispatcher的 TODO:
- request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.WEBWORK_VALUESTACK_KEY, proxy.getInvocation().getStack());
- proxy.execute();
- //經過代理模式執行ActionProxy
- if (stack != null)...{
- request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.WEBWORK_VALUESTACK_KEY,stack);
- }
- } catch (ConfigurationException e) ...{
- log.error("Could not find action", e);
- sendError(request, response, HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND, e);
- } catch (Exception e) ...{
- log.error("Could not execute action", e);
- sendError(request, response, HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e);
- }
- }
4.FilterDispatcher詢問ActionMapper是否須要調用某個Action來處理這個(request)請求,若是ActionMapper決定須要調用某個Action,FilterDispatcher把請求的處理交給ActionProxy。
5.ActionProxy經過Configuration Manager(struts.xml)詢問框架的配置文件,找到須要調用的Action類.
如上文的struts.xml配置 spring
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>
- <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
- <struts>
- <include file="struts-default.xml"/>
- <package name="struts2" extends="struts-default">
- <action name="add"
- class="edisundong.AddAction" >
- <result>add.jsp</result>
- </action>
- </package>
- </struts>
若是提交請求的是add.action,那麼找到的Action類就是edisundong.AddAction。
6.ActionProxy 建立一個ActionInvocation的實例,同時ActionInvocation經過代理模式調用Action。但在調用以前 ActionInvocation會根據配置加載Action相關的全部Interceptor。(Interceptor是struts2另外一個核心級的概念)
下面咱們來看看ActionInvocation是如何工做的:
ActionInvocation 是Xworks 中Action 調度的核心。而對Interceptor 的調度,也正是由ActionInvocation負責。ActionInvocation 是一個接口,而DefaultActionInvocation 則是Webwork 對ActionInvocation的默認實現。
Interceptor 的調度流程大體以下:
1. ActionInvocation初始化時,根據配置,加載Action相關的全部Interceptor。
2. 經過ActionInvocation.invoke方法調用Action實現時,執行Interceptor。
Interceptor將不少功能從咱們的Action中獨立出來,大量減小了咱們Action的代碼,獨立出來的行爲具備很好的重用性。XWork、 WebWork的許多功能都是有Interceptor實現,能夠在配置文件中組裝Action用到的Interceptor,它會按照你指定的順序,在 Action執行先後運行。
那麼什麼是攔截器。
攔截器就是AOP(Aspect-Oriented Programming)的一種實現。(AOP是指用於在某個方法或字段被訪問以前,進行攔截而後在以前或以後加入某些操做。)
攔截器的例子這裏就不展開了。
struts-default.xml文件摘取的內容: apache
- < interceptor name ="alias" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="autowiring" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="chain" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="conversionError" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.StrutsConversionErrorInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="createSession" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CreateSessionInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="debugging" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="external-ref" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExternalReferencesInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="execAndWait" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ExecuteAndWaitInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="exception" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="fileUpload" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="i18n" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="logger" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="model-driven" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="scoped-model-driven" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="params" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="prepare" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="static-params" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="scope" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ScopeInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="servlet-config" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="sessionAutowiring" class ="org.apache.struts2.spring.interceptor.SessionContextAutowiringInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="timer" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.TimerInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="token" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="token-session" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenSessionStoreInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="validation" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="workflow" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="store" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MessageStoreInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="checkbox" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor" />
- < interceptor name ="profiling" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ProfilingActivationInterceptor" />
7.一旦Action執行完畢,ActionInvocation負責根據struts.xml中的配置找到對應的返回結果。如上文中將結構返回「add.jsp」,但大部分時候都是返回另一個action,那麼流程又得走一遍瀏覽器