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何爲技巧,意指表如今文學、工藝、體育等方面的巧妙技能。代碼做爲一門現代高級工藝,推進着人類科學技術的發展,同時猶如文字同樣承託着人類文化的進步。es6
每寫好一篇文章,都會使用大量的寫做技巧。烘托、渲染、懸念、鋪墊、照應、伏筆、聯想、想象、抑揚結合、點面結合、動靜結合、敘議結合、情景交融、首尾呼應、陪襯對比、白描細描、比喻象徵、借古諷今、卒章顯志、承上啓下、開門見山、動靜相襯、虛實相生、實寫虛寫、託物寓意、詠物抒情
等,這些應該都是咱們從小到大寫文章而接觸到的寫做技巧。segmentfault
做爲程序猿的咱們,寫代碼一樣也須要大量的寫做技巧。一份良好的代碼能讓人耳目一新,讓人容易理解,讓人舒服天然,同時也讓本身成就感滿滿(哈哈,這個纔是重點)。所以,我整理下三年來本身使用到的一些JS開發技巧,但願能讓你寫出耳目一新、容易理解、舒服天然的代碼。數組
如下演示全是ES6版本的書寫,在Webpack
和Babel
的加持下就不能好好寫ES6嗎,還寫什麼ES3和ES5呢,更別管那弱智的IE瀏覽器了,IE瀏覽器都快被淘汰了, Microsoft都宣佈放棄使用自研的瀏覽器內核而使用 Google開源的Chromium
內核了。
既然寫文章有這麼多的寫做技巧,那麼我也須要對JS開發技巧整理一下,起個易記的名字。promise
備註瀏覽器
時間個位數形式需補0
const time1 = "2019-02-14 21:00:00"; const time2 = "2019-05-01 09:00:00"; const overtime = time1 > time2; // overtime => false
const ThousandNum = num => num.toString().replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/g, ","); const money = ThousandNum(20190214); // money => "20,190,214"
const RandomId = len => Math.random().toString(36).substr(3, len); const id = RandomId(10); // id => "jg7zpgiqva"
const RandomColor = () => "#" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 0xffffff).toString(16).padEnd(6, "0"); const color = RandomColor(); // color => "#f03665"
const StartScore = rate => "★★★★★☆☆☆☆☆".slice(5 - rate, 10 - rate); const start = StartScore(3); // start => "★★★"
const params = new URLSearchParams(location.search.replace(/\?/ig, "")); // location.search = "?name=young&sex=male" params.has("young"); // true params.get("sex"); // "male"
代替正數的Math.floor()
,代替負數的Math.ceil()
const num1 = ~~ 1.69; const num2 = 1.69 | 0; const num3 = 1.69 >> 0; // num1 num2 num3 => 1 1 1
const FillZero = (num, len) => num.toString().padStart(len, "0"); const num = FillZero(169, 5); // num => "00169"
只對
null、""、false、數值字符串
有效
const num1 = +null; const num2 = +""; const num3 = +false; const num4 = +"169"; // num1 num2 num3 num4 => 0 0 0 169
const timestamp = +new Date("2019-02-14"); // timestamp => 1550102400000
const RoundNum = (num, decimal) => Math.round(num * 10 ** decimal) / 10 ** decimal; const num = RoundNum(1.69, 1); // num => 1.7
const OddEven = num => !!(num & 1) ? "odd" : "even"; const num = OddEven(2); // num => "even"
const arr = [0, 1, 2]; const min = Math.min(...arr); const max = Math.max(...arr); // min max => 0 2
const RandomNum = (min, max) => Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min; const num = RandomNum(1, 10);
const a = d && 1; // 知足條件賦值:取假運算,從左到右依次判斷,遇到假值返回假值,後面再也不執行,不然返回最後一個真值 const b = d || 1; // 默認賦值:取真運算,從左到右依次判斷,遇到真值返回真值,後面再也不執行,不然返回最後一個假值 const c = !d; // 取假賦值:單個表達式轉換爲true則返回false,不然返回true
可判斷類型:undefined、null、string、number、boolean、array、object、symbol、date、regexp、function、asyncfunction、arguments、set、map、weakset、weakmap
function DataType(tgt, type) { const dataType = Object.prototype.toString.call(tgt).replace(/\[object /g, "").replace(/\]/g, "").toLowerCase(); return type ? dataType === type : dataType; } DataType("young"); // "string" DataType(20190214); // "number" DataType(true); // "boolean" DataType([], "array"); // true DataType({}, "array"); // false
const arr = []; const flag = Array.isArray(arr) && !arr.length; // flag => true
const obj = {}; const flag = DataType(obj, "object") && !Object.keys(obj).length; // flag => true
const flagA = true; // 條件A const flagB = false; // 條件B (flagA || flagB) && Func(); // 知足A或B時執行 (flagA || !flagB) && Func(); // 知足A或不知足B時執行 flagA && flagB && Func(); // 同時知足A和B時執行 flagA && !flagB && Func(); // 知足A且不知足B時執行
const flag = false; // undefined、null、""、0、false、NaN !flag && Func();
const arr = [0, 1, 2]; arr.length && Func();
const obj = { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 }; Object.keys(obj).length && Func();
if (flag) { Func(); return false; } // 換成 if (flag) { return Func(); }
const age = 26; switch (true) { case isNaN(age): console.log("not a number"); break; case (age < 18): console.log("under age"); break; case (age >= 18): console.log("adult"); break; default: console.log("please set your age"); break; }
const _arr = [0, 1, 2]; const arr = [..._arr]; // arr => [0, 1, 2]
const arr1 = [0, 1, 2]; const arr2 = [3, 4, 5]; const arr = [...arr1, ...arr2]; // arr => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const arr = [...new Set([0, 1, 1, null, null])]; // arr => [0, 1, null]
const arr = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5].slice().sort(() => Math.random() - .5); // arr => [3, 4, 0, 5, 1, 2]
const arr = [0, 1, 2]; arr.length = 0; // arr => []
const arr = [0, 1, 2]; arr.length = 2; // arr => [0, 1]
let a = 0; let b = 1; [a, b] = [b, a]; // a b => 1 0
空值:undefined、null、""、0、false、NaN
const arr = [undefined, null, "", 0, false, NaN, 1, 2].filter(Boolean); // arr => [1, 2]
async function Func(deps) { return deps.reduce(async(t, v) => { const dep = await t; const version = await Todo(v); dep[v] = version; return dep; }, Promise.resolve({})); } const result = await Func(); // 需在async包圍下使用
let arr = [1, 2]; // 如下方法任選一種 arr.unshift(0); arr = [0].concat(arr); arr = [0, ...arr]; // arr => [0, 1, 2]
let arr = [0, 1]; // 如下方法任選一種 arr.push(2); arr.concat(2); arr[arr.length] = 2; arr = [...arr, 2]; // arr => [0, 1, 2]
const arr = [0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2]; const count = arr.reduce((t, c) => { t[c] = t[c] ? ++ t[c] : 1; return t; }, {}); // count => { 0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 3 }
const arr = [0, 1, [2, 3, [4, 5]]]; const [a, b, [c, d, [e, f]]] = arr; // a b c d e f => 0 1 2 3 4 5
const arr = [0, 1, 2]; const { 0: a, 1: b, 2: c } = arr; // a b c => 0 1 2
const arr = [0, 1, 2]; const [a, b, c = 3, d = 4] = arr; // a b c d => 0 1 2 4
const arr = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; const randomItem = arr[Math.floor(Math.random() * arr.length)]; // randomItem => 1
const arr = [...new Array(3).keys()]; // arr => [0, 1, 2]
const arr = new Array(3).fill(0); // arr => [0, 0, 0]
const _arr = [0, 1, 2]; // map const arr = _arr.map(v => v * 2); const arr = _arr.reduce((t, c) => { t.push(c * 2); return t; }, []); // arr => [0, 2, 4] // filter const arr = _arr.filter(v => v > 0); const arr = _arr.reduce((t, c) => { c > 0 && t.push(c); return t; }, []); // arr => [1, 2] // map和filter const arr = _arr.map(v => v * 2).filter(v => v > 2); const arr = _arr.reduce((t, c) => { c = c * 2; c > 2 && t.push(c); return t; }, []); // arr => [4]
const _obj = { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 }; // 如下方法任選一種 const obj = { ..._obj }; const obj = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(_obj)); // obj => { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 }
const obj1 = { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 }; const obj2 = { c: 3, d: 4, e: 5 }; const obj = { ...obj1, ...obj2 }; // obj => { a: 0, b: 1, c: 3, d: 4, e: 5 }
獲取環境變量時必用此方法,用它一直爽,一直用它一直爽
const env = "prod"; const link = { dev: "Development Address", test: "Testing Address", prod: "Production Address" }[env]; // link => "Production Address"
const flag = false; const obj = { a: 0, b: 1, [flag ? "c" : "d"]: 2 }; // obj => { a: 0, b: 1, d: 2 }
const obj = Object.create(null); Object.prototype.a = 0; // obj => {}
const obj = { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 }; // 只想拿b和c const { a, ...rest } = obj; // rest => { b: 1, c: 2 }
const obj = { a: 0, b: 1, c: { d: 2, e: 3 } }; const { c: { d, e } } = obj; // d e => 2 3
const obj = { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 }; const { a, b: d, c: e } = obj; // a d e => 0 1 2
const obj = { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 }; const { a, b = 2, d = 3 } = obj; // a b d => 0 1 3
const Func = function() {}(); // 經常使用 (function() {})(); // 經常使用 (function() {}()); // 經常使用 [function() {}()]; + function() {}(); - function() {}(); ~ function() {}(); ! function() {}(); new function() {}; new function() {}(); void function() {}(); typeof function() {}(); delete function() {}(); 1, function() {}(); 1 ^ function() {}(); 1 > function() {}();
只能用於單語句返回值箭頭函數
,若是返回值是對象必須使用()
包住
const Func = function(name) { return "I Love " + name; }; // 換成 const Func = name => "I Love " + name;
適用於運行一些只需執行一次的初始化代碼
function Func() { console.log("x"); Func = function() { console.log("y"); } }
函數內判斷分支較多較複雜時可大大節約資源開銷
function Func() { if (a === b) { console.log("x"); } else { console.log("y"); } } // 換成 function Func() { if (a === b) { Func = function() { console.log("x"); } } else { Func = function() { console.log("y"); } } return Func(); }
function IsRequired() { throw new Error("param is required"); } function Func(name = IsRequired()) { console.log("I Love " + name); } Func(); // "param is required" Func("You"); // "I Love You"
const Func = new Function("name", "console.log(\"I Love \" + name)");
try { Func(); } catch (e) { location.href = "https://stackoverflow.com/search?q=[js]+" + e.message; }
function AsyncTo(promise) { return promise.then(data => [null, data]).catch(err => [err]); } const [err, res] = await AsyncTo(Func());
function Func() { return Promise.all([ fetch("/user"), fetch("/comment") ]); } const [user, comment] = await Func(); // 需在async包圍下使用
調試頁面元素邊界時使用
[].forEach.call($$("*"), dom => { dom.style.outline = "1px solid #" + (~~(Math.random() * (1 << 24))).toString(16); });
頁面基於一張設計圖但需作多款機型自適應,元素尺寸使用
rem
進行設置
function AutoResponse(width = 750) { const target = document.documentElement; target.clientWidth >= 600 ? (target.style.fontSize = "80px") : (target.style.fontSize = target.clientWidth / width * 100 + "px"); }
function FilterXss(content) { let elem = document.createElement("div"); elem.innerText = content; const result = elem.innerHTML; elem = null; return result; }
反序列化取,序列化存
const love = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("love")); localStorage.setItem("love", JSON.stringify("I Love You"));
寫到最後總結得差很少了,後續若是我想起還有哪些JS開發技巧遺漏的,會繼續在這篇文章上補全,同時也但願各位朋友對文章裏的要點進行補充或者提出本身的看法。歡迎在下方進行評論或補充喔,喜歡的點個贊或收個藏,保證你在開發時用得上。dom
最後送你們一個鍵盤!異步
(_=>[..."`1234567890-=~~QWERTYUIOP[]\\~ASDFGHJKL;'~~ZXCVBNM,./~"].map(x=>(o+=`/${b='_'.repeat(w=x<y?2:' 667699'[x=["Bs","Tab","Caps","Enter"][p++]||'Shift',p])}\\|`,m+=y+(x+' ').slice(0,w)+y+y,n+=y+b+y+y,l+=' __'+b)[73]&&(k.push(l,m,n,o),l='',m=n=o=y),m=n=o=y='|',p=l=k=[])&&k.join` `)()
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