1,requests 比 urllib.request 容錯能力更強;python
2,一般用法:git
(1).認證、狀態碼、header、編碼、jsongithub
r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/user', auth=('user', 'pass')) r.status_code r.headers['content-type'] 輸出:'application/json; charset=utf8' r.encoding 輸出:'utf-8' r.text 輸出:u'{"type":"User"...' r.json() 輸出:{u'private_gists': 419, u'total_private_repos': 77, ...}
(2).發起請求json
import requests URL="http://www.bsdmap.com/" # r = requests.get(URL) # r = requests.post(URL) # r = requests.put(URL) # r = requests.delete(URL) # r = requests.head(URL) # r = requests.options(URL)
(3).經過URL傳遞參數api
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'} r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload) print r.url 輸出:u'http://httpbin.org/get?key2=value2&key1=value1'
(4).返回內容app
import requests r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json') r.text 輸出:'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/... r.encoding 輸出:'utf-8' r.encoding = 'ISO-8859-1'
(5).二進制內容post
r.content 輸出:b'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/... from PIL import Image from StringIO import StringIO i = Image.open(StringIO(r.content))
(6).JSONui
import requests r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json') r.json() 輸出:[{u'repository': {u'open_issues': 0, u'url': 'https://github.com/...
(7).超時編碼
requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=0.001)
(8).自定義headerurl
import json url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint' payload = {'some': 'data'} headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'} r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers)
官方文檔:http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart/