阿里云云市場http請求工具HttpUtils使用指南
阿里云云市場的接口採用HttpUtils進行http請求，HttpUtils是基於HttpClient進行的二次封裝。而HtppClient呢，他是一種高效的、最新的、功能豐富的支持HTTP協議的客戶端編程工具包，而且它支持HTTP協議最新的版本和建議。相較於傳統JDK自帶的HttpURLConnection，增長了易用性和靈活性，它不只使客戶端發送Http請求變得容易，並且也方便開發人員測試接口（基於Http協議的），提升了開發的效率。html
HttpUtils的目的在於簡化了http調用方式，直接採用doGet，doPost，doPut，doDelete就能夠發送Rest請求，能夠說是簡單粗暴，固然缺點是不夠細化，若是須要用到高級點的附帶cookie的請求則仍是須要HttpClient。java
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引入依賴git
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.12</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-lang3 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <!-- 3.9版本不支持jdk7，改爲3.8.1--> </dependency> -
HttpUtils工具類github
public class HttpUtils { /** * get * * @param host * @param path * @param method * @param headers * @param querys * @return * @throws Exception */ public static HttpResponse doGet(String host, String path, String method, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, String> querys) throws Exception { HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host); HttpGet request = new HttpGet(buildUrl(host, path, querys)); for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) { request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue()); } return httpClient.execute(request); } /** * post form * * @param host * @param path * @param method * @param headers * @param querys * @param bodys * @return * @throws Exception */ public static HttpResponse doPost(String host, String path, String method, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, String> querys, Map<String, String> bodys) throws Exception { HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host); HttpPost request = new HttpPost(buildUrl(host, path, querys)); for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) { request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue()); } if (bodys != null) { List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairList = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); for (String key : bodys.keySet()) { nameValuePairList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, bodys.get(key))); } UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairList, "utf-8"); formEntity.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8"); request.setEntity(formEntity); } return httpClient.execute(request); } /** * Post String * * @param host * @param path * @param method * @param headers * @param querys * @param body * @return * @throws Exception */ public static HttpResponse doPost(String host, String path, String method, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, String> querys, String body) throws Exception { HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host); HttpPost request = new HttpPost(buildUrl(host, path, querys)); for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) { request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue()); } if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(body)) { request.setEntity(new StringEntity(body, "utf-8")); } return httpClient.execute(request); } /** * Post stream * * @param host * @param path * @param method * @param headers * @param querys * @param body * @return * @throws Exception */ public static HttpResponse doPost(String host, String path, String method, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, String> querys, byte[] body) throws Exception { HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host); HttpPost request = new HttpPost(buildUrl(host, path, querys)); for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) { request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue()); } if (body != null) { request.setEntity(new ByteArrayEntity(body)); } return httpClient.execute(request); } /** * Put String * @param host * @param path * @param method * @param headers * @param querys * @param body * @return * @throws Exception */ public static HttpResponse doPut(String host, String path, String method, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, String> querys, String body) throws Exception { HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host); HttpPut request = new HttpPut(buildUrl(host, path, querys)); for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) { request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue()); } if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(body)) { request.setEntity(new StringEntity(body, "utf-8")); } return httpClient.execute(request); } /** * Put stream * @param host * @param path * @param method * @param headers * @param querys * @param body * @return * @throws Exception */ public static HttpResponse doPut(String host, String path, String method, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, String> querys, byte[] body) throws Exception { HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host); HttpPut request = new HttpPut(buildUrl(host, path, querys)); for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) { request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue()); } if (body != null) { request.setEntity(new ByteArrayEntity(body)); } return httpClient.execute(request); } /** * Delete * * @param host * @param path * @param method * @param headers * @param querys * @return * @throws Exception */ public static HttpResponse doDelete(String host, String path, String method, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, String> querys) throws Exception { HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host); HttpDelete request = new HttpDelete(buildUrl(host, path, querys)); for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) { request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue()); } return httpClient.execute(request); } private static String buildUrl(String host, String path, Map<String, String> querys) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { StringBuilder sbUrl = new StringBuilder(); sbUrl.append(host); if (!StringUtils.isBlank(path)) { sbUrl.append(path); } if (null != querys) { StringBuilder sbQuery = new StringBuilder(); for (Map.Entry<String, String> query : querys.entrySet()) { if (0 < sbQuery.length()) { sbQuery.append("&"); } if (StringUtils.isBlank(query.getKey()) && !StringUtils.isBlank(query.getValue())) { sbQuery.append(query.getValue()); } if (!StringUtils.isBlank(query.getKey())) { sbQuery.append(query.getKey()); if (!StringUtils.isBlank(query.getValue())) { sbQuery.append("="); sbQuery.append(URLEncoder.encode(query.getValue(), "utf-8")); } } } if (0 < sbQuery.length()) { sbUrl.append("?").append(sbQuery); } } return sbUrl.toString(); } private static HttpClient wrapClient(String host) { HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); if (host.startsWith("https://")) { sslClient(httpClient); } return httpClient; } private static void sslClient(HttpClient httpClient) { try { SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); X509TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() { public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { return null; } public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] xcs, String str) { } public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] xcs, String str) { } }; ctx.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null); SSLSocketFactory ssf = new SSLSocketFactory(ctx); ssf.setHostnameVerifier(SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER); ClientConnectionManager ccm = httpClient.getConnectionManager(); SchemeRegistry registry = ccm.getSchemeRegistry(); registry.register(new Scheme("https", 443, ssf)); } catch (KeyManagementException ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex); 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請求示例apache
本示例基於雲市場物流接口(全國快遞物流查詢-快遞查詢接口)地址：https://market.aliyun.com/products/56928004/cmapi021863.html?spm=5176.2020520132.101.2.7f317218sOoi8C#sku=yuncode1586300000編程
String host = "https://wuliu.market.alicloudapi.com"; String path = "/kdi"; String method = "GET"; System.out.println("請先替換成本身的AppCode"); String appcode = "請先替換成本身的AppCode"; // !!!替換填寫本身的AppCode 在買家中心查看 Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>(); headers.put("Authorization", "APPCODE " + appcode); //格式爲:Authorization:APPCODE 833xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Map<String, String> querys = new HashMap<String, String>(); querys.put("no", "快遞單號");// !!! 請求參數 querys.put("type", "快遞公司簡稱，如中通爲zto");// !!! 請求參數 //JDK 1.8示例代碼請在這裏下載： http://code.fegine.com/Tools.zip try { /** * 重要提示以下: * HttpUtils請從 * https://github.com/aliyun/api-gateway-demo-sign-java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/aliyun/api/gateway/demo/util/HttpUtils.java * 或者直接下載： * http://code.fegine.com/HttpUtils.zip * 下載 * * 相應的依賴請參照 * https://github.com/aliyun/api-gateway-demo-sign-java/blob/master/pom.xml * 相關jar包（非pom）直接下載： * http://code.fegine.com/aliyun-jar.zip */ HttpResponse response = HttpUtils.doGet(host, path, method, headers, querys); //System.out.println(response.toString());如不輸出json, 請打開這行代碼，打印調試頭部狀態碼。 //狀態碼: 200 正常；400 URL無效；401 appCode錯誤； 403 次數用完； 500 API網管錯誤 //獲取response的body System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); //輸出json } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }