MongoDB 基礎 -安全性-（權限操做）

和其餘全部數據庫同樣，權限的管理都差很少同樣。mongodb存儲全部的用戶信息在admin 數據庫的集合system.users中，保存用戶名、密碼和數據庫信息。mongodb默認不啓用受權認證，只要能鏈接到該服務器，就可鏈接到mongod。若要啓用安全認證，須要更改配置文件參數auth。

 https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.dropAllUsers/

https://docs.mongodb.com/v2.6/tutorial/add-user-to-database/

如下測試理解

 

查看數據庫：

 

> show dbs

發現 admin 居然沒有！~

 

 

找了很久，找不到相關說明，因而直接建立用戶admin

 

use admin


db.createUser(
  {
    user: "admin",
    pwd: "admin",
    roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ]
  }
)

成功建立，再查詢admin中的集合，有數據了！

 

 

> show collections
system.indexes
system.users
system.version

查看3個集合的信息：

 

 

> db.system.users.find();
{ "_id" : "admin.admin", "user" : "admin", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "cFISfpbm04pmIFpqiL340g==", "storedKey" : "WG1DSEEEHUZUBjsjsnEA4RFVY2M=", "serverKey" : "9Lm+IX6l9kfaE/4C25/ghsQpDkE=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] }
>
> db.system.indexes.find();
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "admin.system.version" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "admin.system.users" }
{ "v" : 1, "unique" : true, "key" : { "user" : 1, "db" : 1 }, "name" : "user_1_db_1", "ns" : "admin.system.users" }
>
> db.system.version.find();
{ "_id" : "authSchema", "currentVersion" : 5 }
>

如今啓用 auth：
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/mongod.conf

 

 

auth=true

重啓 mongod 服務：

 

[root@localhost ~]# service mongod restart

 

直接默認登陸，查看集合，發現無權操做了：

[root@localhost ~]# mongo

 

[root@localhost ~]# mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2
connecting to: test
> show dbs
2015-05-09T21:57:03.176-0700 E QUERY    Error: listDatabases failed:{
    "ok" : 0,
    "errmsg" : "not authorized on admin to execute command { listDatabases: 1.0 }",
    "code" : 13
}
    at Error (<anonymous>)
    at Mongo.getDBs (src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47:15)
    at shellHelper.show (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:630:33)
    at shellHelper (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:524:36)
    at (shellhelp2):1:1 at src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47
>

 

剛纔在數據庫 admin 建立了一個帳戶 admin ，先到數據admin進來鏈接（其餘db則失敗）：

 

[root@localhost ~]# mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2
connecting to: test
>
> db.auth("admin","admin")
Error: 18 Authentication failed.
0
> use mydb
switched to db mydb
> db.auth("admin","admin")
Error: 18 Authentication failed.
0
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.auth("admin","admin")
1
>

db.auth("admin","admin") 返回值爲1，說明登陸成功！~db.auth("admin","admin") 記錄是不存在的，執行完後這一行在shell中不會記錄歷史。

 

 

因此如今建立另外一個用戶"myuser"

 

db.createUser(
  {
    user: "myuser",
    pwd: "myuser",
    roles: [ { role: "readWrite", db: "mydb" } ]
  }
)

也能夠增刪角色：

 

 

#授予角色：db.grantRolesToUser( "userName" , [ { role: "<role>", db: "<database>" } ])

db.grantRolesToUser( "myuser" , [ { role: "dbOwner", db: "mydb" } ])


#取消角色：db.grantRolesToUser( "userName" , [ { role: "<role>", db: "<database>" } ])

db.revokeRolesFromUser( "myuser" , [ { role: "readWrite", db: "mydb" } ])

由於在admin數據庫建立的，只能在 admin 數據庫中登陸：

 

 

> db.auth("myuser","myuser")
Error: 18 Authentication failed.
0
>
> db
mydb
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.auth("myuser","myuser");
1
>

此時是能夠切換到所在的數據庫進行相關操做：

 

 

> use mydb
switched to db mydb
>
> db.tab.save({"id":999});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
>
> db.tab.find({"id":999});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("554ef5ac1b590330c00c7d02"), "id" : 999 }
>
> show collections
system.indexes
tab
>

在建立用戶時能夠在其數據庫中建立，這樣不用每次都進入admin數據庫登陸後再切換。如在數據庫"mydb"建立用戶"userkk"。

 

 

use admin

db.auth("admin","admin")

use mydb

db.createUser(
  {
    user: "userkk",
    pwd: "userkk",
    roles: [ { role: "dbOwner", db: "mydb" } ]
  }
)

db.auth("userkk","userkk")

 

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                                                      華麗分割

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

如今受權測試：

 

#先訪問到admin數據庫

 

use admin

db.auth("admin","admin")

 

 

#切換到 mydb ，在數據庫 mydb 中建立角色
#roles: 建立角色"testRole"在數據庫 "mydb" 中
#privileges: 該角色可查看"find"數據庫"mydb"的全部集合
#db.dropRole("testRole")

use mydb

db.createRole({
 role: "testRole",
 privileges: [{ resource: { db: "mydb", collection: "" }, actions: [ "find" ] }],
 roles: []
})

#在admin數據庫生成集合system.roles。查看角色。

 

> use admin
switched to db admin
>
> show collections
system.indexes
system.roles
system.users
system.version
>
> db.system.roles.find();
{ "_id" : "mydb.testRole", "role" : "testRole", "db" : "mydb", "privileges" : [ { "resource" : { "db" : "mydb", "collection" : "" }, "actions" : [ "find" ] } ], "roles" : [ ] }
>

#回到mydb，在數據庫mydb中建立用戶並授予角色"testRole"
#db.dropUser("userkk")

 

 

use mydb

db.createUser(
  {
    user: "userkk",
    pwd: "userkk",
    roles: [ { role: "testRole", db: "mydb" } ]
  }
)

退出mongodb，從新登陸進行操做。發現只能使用find
>exit

 

 

[root@localhost ~]# mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2
connecting to: test
> use mydb
switched to db mydb
>
> db.auth("userkk","userkk")
1
>
> db.tab.find({"id":999})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("554ef5ac1b590330c00c7d02"), "id" : 999 }
>
> db.tab.insert({"id":1000})
WriteResult({
    "writeError" : {
        "code" : 13,
        "errmsg" : "not authorized on mydb to execute command { insert: \"tab\", documents: [ { _id: ObjectId('554f145cdf782b42499d80e5'), id: 1000.0 } ], ordered: true }"
    }
})
>

給角色 "testRole"  添加3個 「Privileges」權限： "update", "insert", "remove"。再從新操做。

 

 

use admin

db.auth("admin","admin")

use mydb

#添加Privileges給角色
db.grantPrivilegesToRole("testRole",
 [{ resource: { db: "mydb", collection: "" },actions: [ "update", "insert", "remove" ]}
])


exit #退出mongodb從新登陸


use mydb

db.auth("userkk","userkk")


#增刪數據能夠操做了！~
db.tab.insert({"id":1000})
db.tab.find({"id":1000})
db.tab.remove({"id":1000})


#此時admin的角色記錄爲：
> db.system.roles.find();
{ "_id" : "mydb.testRole", "role" : "testRole", "db" : "mydb", "privileges" : [ { "resource" : { "db" : "mydb", "collection" : "" }, "actions" : [ "find", "insert", "remove", "update" ] } ], "roles" : [ ] }
>

#更改角色 roles，把roles值所有更新。一樣Privileges也能夠更新替換！~

 

 

use admin

db.auth("admin","admin")

use mydb

db.updateRole("testRole",{ roles:[{ role: "readWrite",db: "mydb"}]},{ w:"majority" })

db.auth("userkk","userkk")

show dbs

 

 

關於角色，參考官方文檔提取總結以下：

 

角色分類	角色	權限及角色 （本文大小寫可能有些變化，使用時請參考官方文檔）
Database User Roles	read	CollStats,dbHash,dbStats,find,killCursors,listIndexes,listCollections
	readWrite	CollStats,ConvertToCapped,CreateCollection,DbHash,DbStats, DropCollection,CreateIndex,DropIndex,Emptycapped,Find, Insert,KillCursors,ListIndexes,ListCollections,Remove, RenameCollectionSameDB,update
Database Administration Roles	dbAdmin	collStats,dbHash,dbStats,find,killCursors,listIndexes,listCollections, dropCollection 和 createCollection 在 system.profile
	dbOwner	角色：readWrite, dbAdmin,userAdmin
	userAdmin	ChangeCustomData,ChangePassword,CreateRole,CreateUser, DropRole,DropUser,GrantRole,RevokeRole,ViewRole,viewUser
Cluster Administration Roles	clusterAdmin	角色：clusterManager, clusterMonitor, hostManager
	clusterManager	AddShard,ApplicationMessage,CleanupOrphaned,FlushRouterConfig, ListShards,RemoveShard,ReplSetConfigure,ReplSetGetStatus, ReplSetStateChange,Resync,   EnableSharding,MoveChunk,SplitChunk,splitVector
	clusterMonitor	connPoolStats,cursorInfo,getCmdLineOpts,getLog,getParameter, getShardMap,hostInfo,inprog,listDatabases,listShards,netstat, replSetGetStatus,serverStatus,shardingState,top   collStats,dbStats,getShardVersion
	hostManager	applicationMessage,closeAllDatabases,connPoolSync,cpuProfiler, diagLogging,flushRouterConfig,fsync,invalidateUserCache,killop, logRotate,resync,setParameter,shutdown,touch,unlock
Backup and Restoration Roles	backup	提供在admin數據庫mms.backup文檔中insert,update權限 列出全部數據庫：listDatabases 列出全部集合索引：listIndexes   對如下提供查詢操做：find *非系統集合 *系統集合：system.indexes, system.namespaces, system.js *集合：admin.system.users 和 admin.system.roles
	restore	非系統集合、system.js，admin.system.users 和 admin.system.roles 及2.6 版本的system.users提供如下權限： collMod,createCollection,createIndex,dropCollection,insert   列出全部數據庫：listDatabases system.users ：find,remove,update
All-Database Roles	readAnyDatabase	提供全部數據庫中只讀權限：read 列出集羣全部數據庫：listDatabases
	readWriteAnyDatabase	提供全部數據庫讀寫權限：readWrite 列出集羣全部數據庫：listDatabases
	userAdminAnyDatabase	提供全部用戶數據管理權限：userAdmin Cluster：authSchemaUpgrade,invalidateUserCache,listDatabases admin.system.users和admin.system.roles： collStats,dbHash,dbStats,find,killCursors,planCacheRead createIndex,dropIndex
	dbAdminAnyDatabase	提供全部數據庫管理員權限：dbAdmin 列出集羣全部數據庫：listDatabases
Superuser Roles	root	角色：dbOwner，userAdmin，userAdminAnyDatabase readWriteAnyDatabase, dbAdminAnyDatabase, userAdminAnyDatabase，clusterAdmin
Internal Role	__system	集羣中對任何數據庫採起任何操做

 

 

 

參考：mongo Shell Methods  ， Built-In Roles，Security Methods in the mongo Shell