Oracle12c中引入的多宿主選項(multitenant option)容許一個容器數據庫容納多個獨立的可插拔數據庫(PDB)。本文將說明如何啓動和關閉容器數據庫(CDB)和可插拔數據庫(PDB)。數據庫
1. 容器數據庫(CDB)it
啓動和關閉容器數據庫和以往同樣。看成爲受權用戶鏈接到CDB時,SQL*Plus中可使用STARTUP和SHUTDOWN命令。具體語法以下:io
STARTUP [NOMOUNT | MOUNT | RESTRICT | UPGRADE| FORCE | READ ONLY]容器
SHUTDOWN [IMMEDIATE | ABORT]select
2. 可插拔數據庫(PDB)語法
可插拔數據庫能用SQL*Plus命令或 ALTER PLUGGABLEDATABASE命令啓動和關閉。數據
3. SQL*Plus命令db
看成爲受權用戶鏈接至可插拔數據庫時,以下命令可用來啓動和關閉數據庫:dba
STARTUP FORCE;ant
STARTUP OPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICT];
STARTUP OPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICT];
STARTUP UPGRADE;
SHUTDOWN [IMMEDIATE];
示例以下:
STARTUP FORCE;
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP OPEN READ WRITE RESTRICT;
SHUTDOWN;
STARTUP;
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
4. ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE命令能在CDB或PDB中使用。
看成爲受權用戶鏈接至PDB時,以下命令可用來打開和關閉目前的PDB。
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ WRITE[RESTRICTED] [FORCE];
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY[RESTRICTED] [FORCE];
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN UPGRADE[RESTRICTED];
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE [IMMEDIATE];
示例以下。
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ ONLYFORCE;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE IMMEDIATE;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ WRITE;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE IMMEDIATE;
看成爲受權用戶鏈接至CDB時,以下命令可用來打開和關閉一個或多個PDB。
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE<pdb-name-clause> OPEN READ WRITE[RESTRICTED] [FORCE];
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE<pdb-name-clause> OPEN READ ONLY[RESTRICTED] [FORCE];
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE<pdb-name-clause> OPEN UPGRADE [RESTRICTED];
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE<pdb-name-clause> CLOSE [IMMEDIATE];
<pdb-name-clause> 子句能夠是以下值:
一個或多個以逗號分隔的PDB名。
ALL關鍵字指全部PDB。
ALL EXCEPT關鍵字,後面跟一個或多個逗號分隔的PDB,指一個PDB子集。
示例以下:
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1, pdb2 OPEN READONLY FORCE;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1, pdb2 CLOSEIMMEDIATE;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL CLOSE IMMEDIATE;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL EXCEPT pdb1OPEN;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL EXCEPT pdb1CLOSE IMMEDIATE;
5. 可插拔數據庫(PDB)自動啓動
Oracle12.1.0.2補丁集已引入了保持PDB啓動狀態的能力,所以,不用再經過下面的觸發器方式來實現自動打開PDB。
Oracle12.1.0.2以前,CDB啓動後,全部的PDB都處於加載狀態。CDB啓動時,沒有默認機制自動啓動PDB。只能經過在CDB上創建一個系統觸發器來自動啓動部分或全部PDB。
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER open_pdbs
AFTERSTARTUP ON DATABASE
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTER PLUGGABLEDATABASE ALL OPEN';
END open_pdbs;
/
若是你不想啓動全部的PDB,能夠定製修改該觸發器。
6. 保持PDB處於啓動狀態(12.1.0.2以後)
Oracle12.1.0.2補丁集可讓PDB在CDB重啓時保持啓動狀態。這能夠經過ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE命令實現。
咱們能夠觀察CDB重啓的整個過程。注意,重啓前,PDB都處於可讀寫模式,但重啓後卻處於加載模式。
SELECT name, open_mode FROM v$pdbs;
NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READ ONLY
PDB1 READWRITE
PDB2 READWRITE
SQL>
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP;
SELECT name, open_mode FROM v$pdbs;
NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READONLY
PDB1 MOUNTED
PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>
接着,咱們打開兩個PDBS,但只保存PDB1的狀態。
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 OPEN;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 OPEN;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 SAVE STATE;
視圖DBA_PDB_SAVED_STATES顯示容器保存狀態的信息。
COLUMN con_name FORMAT A20
COLUMN instance_name FORMAT A20
SELECT con_name, instance_name, state FROMdba_pdb_saved_states;
CON_NAME INSTANCE_NAME STATE
-------------------- ----------------------------------
PDB1 cdb1 OPEN
SQL>
重啓CDB將會出現一個不一樣結果。
SELECT name, open_mode FROM v$pdbs;
NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READONLY
PDB1 READWRITE
PDB2 READWRITE
SQL>
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP;
SELECT name, open_mode FROM v$pdbs;
NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READONLY
PDB1 READWRITE
PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>
被保存的狀態能夠經過以下命令被廢棄。
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 DISCARD STATE;
COLUMN con_name FORMAT A20
COLUMN instance_name FORMAT A20
SELECT con_name, instance_name, state FROMdba_pdb_saved_states;
no rows selected
SQL>
7. 注意:
Ø 只有容器處於只讀或讀寫模式,狀態才能夠在視圖DBA_PDB_SAVED_STATES中保存和顯式。當對一個加載狀態的容器運行ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ... SAVE STATE命令時,既不報錯,也不會記錄狀態,由於這是CDB重啓後的默認狀態。
Ø 像 ALTER PLUGGABLEDATABASE命令的其餘例子同樣, PDBs能夠單獨列出,也能夠是逗號分隔的PDB列,或者用 ALL或 ALL EXCEPT關鍵字。
Ø RAC環境中,能夠增長INSTANCES子句。該子句中能夠寫單個實例,逗號分隔的實例列,ALL或ALL EXCEPT關鍵字。無論INSTANCES 子句, SAVE/DISCARD STATE命令隻影響當前的實例。