從零開始學Laravel（一）Laravel安裝配置編寫簡單api接口

一.Laravel的安裝與配置

1.下載Composer-Setup.exe (getcomposer.org)並安裝
2.移動到xampp/hotdocs文件夾，執行如下命令

php composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel blog

3.用PhpStorm打開能夠看到如圖項目結構

4.能夠直接輸入命令 php artisan serve 運行，也能夠訪問apache,顯示以下圖表示成功

這時Laravel就安裝成功了。
5.修改.env文件中的數據庫信息

二.編寫api接口

1.新建數據庫建表插入數據

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book`;
CREATE TABLE `book`  (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `book_name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `book_sort` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `book_mark` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT = 5 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of book
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `book` VALUES (1, '水滸傳', 1, '四大名著');
INSERT INTO `book` VALUES (2, '西遊記', 1, '孫悟空');
INSERT INTO `book` VALUES (3, '紅樓夢', 2, '無');
INSERT INTO `book` VALUES (4, '三國演義', 2, '');

3.新建Model和Controller

php artisan make:model Models/Book
php artisan make:controller BookController

修改Book.php

<?php
namespace AppModelsModels;
use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentFactoriesHasFactory;
use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel;
class Book extends Model
{
 use HasFactory;
 /**關聯到模型的數據表
 * @var string
 */ protected $table = 'book';
 /**Laravel有默認時間字段，不須要能夠修改爲 false
 * @var bool
 */ public $timestamps = false;
}

4.建立簡單的api
編寫BookController.php

<?php
namespace AppHttpControllers;
use AppModelsModelsBook;
use IlluminateHttpRequest;
class BookController extends Controller
{
 public function getBookById($id)
 { // 根據id查詢
 $book = Book::find($id);
 // return response()是返回想要 json()轉換成json字符串可是是unicode setEncodingOptions設置編碼
 return response()->json($book)->setEncodingOptions(JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
 }
}

編寫 routes/api.php

<?php
use IlluminateHttpRequest;
use IlluminateSupportFacadesRoute;
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| API Routes
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Here is where you can register API routes for your application. These
| routes are loaded by the RouteServiceProvider within a group which
| is assigned the "api" middleware group. Enjoy building your API!
|
*/
Route::middleware('auth:api')->get('/user', function (Request $request) {
 return $request->user();
});
Route::any('/book/{id}',[AppHttpControllersBookController::class,'getBookById']);

5.php artisan serve或者直接訪問apache

一個簡單接口的編寫到此結束，這樣寫起來很簡單，可是中間也遇到了點小問題，好比MySQL編碼問題，Navcat有很大的問題，show variables like 'char%';在MySQL cmd中顯示是utf-8可是在navcat中卻成了latin,這個要在navcat鏈接那裏編輯編碼爲自動,這樣就能夠和系統的同樣了。