MySQL5.7主從從配置
主從配置可參考：【MySQL5.7主從同步配置】mysql
主從從，也稱爲級聯主從，數據流向：A(主)->B(從)->C(從從)，主從從級聯複製。sql
應用場景
- 在主從配置的基礎上，再增長一個從庫，進一步提升數據安全，容災備份。
- 讀寫分離，從庫只用於查詢，提升數據庫總體性能。
- 從從庫，用於備份，等同在線實時增量備份。
部署環境
注：使用docker部署mysql實例，方便快速搭建演示環境。但本文重點是講解主從配置，所以簡略描述docker環境構建mysql容器實例。docker
- 數據庫：MySQL 5.7.x （相比5.5，5.6而言，5.7同步性能更好，支持多源複製，可實現多主一從，主從庫版本應保證一致）
- 操做系統：CentOS 7.x
- 容器：Docker 17.09.0-ce
- 鏡像：mysql:5.7
- 主庫：IP=192.168.10.212; PORT=4200; server-id=200; database=test; table=user
- 從庫：IP=192.168.10.212; PORT=4211; server-id=210; database=test; table=user
- 從從庫：IP=192.168.10.212; PORT=4211; server-id=211; database=test; table=userk
配置約束
- 主從庫必須保證網絡暢通可訪問
- 主庫必須開啓binlog日誌
- 主從庫的server-id必須不一樣
【主庫】操做及配置
配置my.cnf
[client] port = 3306 default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysql] port = 3306 default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysqld] ########################## # summary ########################## #bind-address = 0.0.0.0 #port = 3306 #datadir=/datavol/mysql/data #數據存儲目錄 ########################## # log bin ########################## server-id = 200 #必須惟一 log_bin = mysql-bin #開啓及設置二進制日誌文件名稱 binlog_format = MIXED sync_binlog = 1 expire_logs_days =7 #二進制日誌自動刪除/過時的天數。默認值爲0，表示不自動刪除。 #binlog_cache_size = 128m #max_binlog_cache_size = 512m #max_binlog_size = 256M binlog-do-db = test #要同步的數據庫 binlog-ignore-db = mysql #不須要同步的數據庫 binlog_ignore_db = information_schema binlog_ignore_db = performation_schema binlog_ignore_db = sys ########################## # character set ########################## character-set-server = utf8mb4 collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
安裝啓動主庫
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 4200:3306 --name=mysql-200 -v /datavol/mysql-200/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /datavol/mysql-200:/datavol/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7 5691bac538e646db00273e3cad5b350dbe6cce0bd176346b7eefd9a6f9e3a9ad [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 5691bac538e6 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint..." 44 seconds ago Up 43 seconds 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4200->3306/tcp mysql-200 [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mysql-200 /bin/bash root@5691bac538e6:/# mysql -u root -p Enter password:
注：若不熟悉docker，可以使用傳統方式安裝mysql，效果相同。數據庫
建立受權用戶
鏈接mysql主數據庫，鍵入命令mysql -u root -p，輸入密碼後登陸數據庫。建立用戶用於從庫同步複製，授予複製、同步訪問的權限安全
mysql> CREATE USER 'slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'slave'@'%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
log_bin是否開啓
mysql> show variables like 'log_bin'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | log_bin | ON | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set
查看master狀態
mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | test | mysql,information_schema,performation_schema,sys | | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set
【從庫】配置及操做
配置my.cnf
[client] port = 3306 default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysql] port = 3306 default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysqld] ########################## # summary ########################## #bind-address = 0.0.0.0 #port = 3306 #datadir=/datavol/mysql/data #數據存儲目錄 ########################## # log bin ########################## server-id = 210 #必須惟一 log_bin = mysql-bin #開啓及設置二進制日誌文件名稱 binlog_format = MIXED sync_binlog = 1 expire_logs_days =7 #二進制日誌自動刪除/過時的天數。默認值爲0，表示不自動刪除。 log_slave_updates = 1 #【關鍵點】從主服務器接收到的更新同時要寫入二進制日誌 #binlog_cache_size = 128m #max_binlog_cache_size = 512m #max_binlog_size = 256M binlog-do-db = test #要同步的數據庫 binlog-ignore-db = mysql #不須要同步的數據庫 binlog_ignore_db = information_schema binlog_ignore_db = performation_schema binlog_ignore_db = sys ########################## # character set ########################## character-set-server = utf8mb4 collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
log_slave_updates = 1 #【關鍵點】從主服務器接收到的更新同時要寫入二進制日誌bash
安裝啓動從庫
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 4210:3306 --name=mysql-210 -v /datavol/mysql-210/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /datavol/mysql-210:/datavol/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7 19e93b6d93ca4e6ca0d540e3f6c831b835cdbb35362733867c3977aee4d33bf7 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 19e93b6d93ca mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint..." 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4210->3306/tcp mysql-210 [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mysql-210 /bin/bash root@19e93b6d93ca:/# mysql -u root -p Enter password:
設置主庫200信息
登陸【從數據庫】，進入mysql命令行。服務器
mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.10.212', MASTER_PORT=4200, MASTER_USER='slave', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003', MASTER_LOG_POS=617; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected
stop slave; //中止同步
start slave; //開始同步
//必須和【主數據庫】的信息匹配。
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='192.168.10.212', //主庫IP
MASTER_PORT=4200, //主庫端口
MASTER_USER='slave', //訪問主庫且有同步複製權限的用戶
MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', //登陸密碼
//【關鍵處】從主庫的該log_bin文件開始讀取同步信息，主庫show master status返回結果
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
//【關鍵處】從文件中指定位置開始讀取，主庫show master status返回結果
MASTER_LOG_POS=154;網絡
查看同步狀態
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.10.212
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 4200
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 617
Relay_Log_File: 5f0d9861bcb1-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 617
Relay_Log_Space: 534
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 200
Master_UUID: b6df98cf-e71f-11e8-9987-0242ac110007
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
只有【Slave_IO_Running】和【Slave_SQL_Running】都是Yes，則同步是正常的。
若是是No或者Connecting都不行，可查看mysql-error.log，以排查問題。tcp
mysql> show variables like 'log_error%'; +---------------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------+--------+ | log_error | stderr | | log_error_verbosity | 3 | +---------------------+--------+ 2 rows in set
配置完成，則主從數據庫開始自動同步。此外，【從庫】至關於【從從庫】的主庫，也須要設置帳號及同步權限。性能
建立受權用戶
建立用戶用於從庫同步複製，授予複製、同步訪問的權限
mysql> CREATE USER 'slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'slave'@'%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
log_bin是否開啓
mysql> show variables like 'log_bin'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | log_bin | ON | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set
查看master狀態
mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 154 | test | mysql,information_schema,performation_schema,sys | | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set
【從從庫】配置及操做
配置my.cnf
[client] port = 3306 default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysql] port = 3306 default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysqld] ########################## # summary ########################## #bind-address = 0.0.0.0 #port = 3306 #datadir=/datavol/mysql/data #數據存儲目錄 ########################## # log bin ########################## server-id = 211 ########################## # character set ########################## character-set-server = utf8mb4 collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
安裝啓動從從庫
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 4211:3306 --name=mysql-211 -v /datavol/mysql-211/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /datavol/mysql-211:/datavol/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7 19e93b6d93ca4e6ca0d540e3f6c831b835cdbb35362733867c3977aee4d33bf7 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 19e93b6d93ca mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint..." 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4211->3306/tcp mysql-211 [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mysql-211 /bin/bash root@19e93b6d93ca:/# mysql -u root -p Enter password:
設置從庫210信息
登陸【從數據庫】，進入mysql命令行。
mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.10.212', MASTER_PORT=4210, MASTER_USER='slave', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003', MASTER_LOG_POS=617; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected
stop slave; //中止同步
start slave; //開始同步
//必須和【主數據庫】的信息匹配。
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='192.168.10.212', //主庫IP
MASTER_PORT=4210, //主庫端口
MASTER_USER='slave', //訪問主庫且有同步複製權限的用戶
MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', //登陸密碼
//【關鍵處】從主庫的該log_bin文件開始讀取同步信息，主庫show master status返回結果
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',
//【關鍵處】從文件中指定位置開始讀取，主庫show master status返回結果
MASTER_LOG_POS=617;
查看同步狀態
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.10.212
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 4210
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 617
Relay_Log_File: a3d52e314640-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 783
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 617
Relay_Log_Space: 997
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 210
Master_UUID: 088c2c93-e720-11e8-8e80-0242ac110009
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
只有【Slave_IO_Running】和【Slave_SQL_Running】都是Yes，則同步是正常的。
若是是No或者Connecting都不行，可查看mysql-error.log，以排查問題。
mysql> show variables like 'log_error%'; +---------------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------+--------+ | log_error | stderr | | log_error_verbosity | 3 | +---------------------+--------+ 2 rows in set
配置完成，則從從數據庫開始自動同步。
驗證數據同步
建庫
使用root帳號登陸【主服務器】，建立test數據庫
mysql> CREATE DATABASE test; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> USE test; Database changed
建表
在【主庫】中建立user表
CREATE TABLE `user` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `age` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
新增
在【主庫】中向user表插入一條數據：
mysql> use test; Database changed mysql> INSERT INTO user (id, name, age) VALUES (1, '張三', 18); Database changed mysql> SELECT * FROM user; +----+------+-----+ | id | name | age | +----+------+-----+ | 1 | 張三 | 18 | +----+------+-----+ 1 row in set
在【從庫】及【從從庫】中查詢user表數據：
mysql> use test; Database changed mysql> SELECT * FROM user; +----+------+-----+ | id | name | age | +----+------+-----+ | 1 | 張三 | 18 | +----+------+-----+ 1 row in set
新增記錄同步成功。
更新
在【主庫】中修改剛纔插入的數據：
mysql> UPDATE user SET name='李四' where id=1; Database changed Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> SELECT * FROM user; +----+------+-----+ | id | name | age | +----+------+-----+ | 1 | 李四 | 18 | +----+------+-----+ 1 row in set
在【從庫】及【從從庫】中查詢user表數據：
mysql> SELECT * FROM user; +----+------+-----+ | id | name | age | +----+------+-----+ | 1 | 李四 | 18 | +----+------+-----+ 1 row in set
更新記錄同步成功。
刪除
在【主庫】中刪除剛纔更新的數據：
mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE id=1; Database changed mysql> SELECT * FROM user; Empty set
在【從庫】及【從從庫】中查詢user表數據：
mysql> SELECT * FROM user; Empty set
刪除記錄同步成功。
補充：
- 若是【主服務器】重啓mysql服務，【從服務器】會等待與【主服務器】重連。當主服務器恢復正常後，從服務器會自動從新鏈接上主服務器，並正常同步數據。
- 若是某段時間內，【從數據庫】服務器異常致使同步中斷（多是同步點位置不匹配），能夠嘗試如下恢復方法：進入【主數據庫】服務器（正常），在bin-log中找到【從數據庫】出錯前的position，而後在【從數據庫】上執行change master，將master_log_file和master_log_pos從新指定後，開始同步。
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