Linux 開發環境搭建

時間 2019-11-26

標籤 linux 開發環境搭建欄目 Linux 简体版

原文原文鏈接

　　本文多參考自網上資料，在此多謝這些資料的做者的辛勤勞動！php

　　另外，本文所用 Linux 版本爲 CentOS 7.1。html

終端配置

安裝及配置 Zsh

　　在默認狀況下，Linux 下的終端是 bash，但其跟 zsh 相比起來仍是有點差距。博文使用 zsh 的九個理由就講了九個使用 zsh 的理由。java

　　安裝 zsh，直接利用 yum 便可：python

sudo yum install zsh

　　而後能夠直接用 oh-my-zsh 來配置 zsh:linux

sh -c "$(wget https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)"

或者用 curl:ios

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

　　接下來能夠編輯一下 ~/.zshrc 來修改 zsh 顏色主題及安裝插件。我的的該文件爲：git

# Path to your oh-my-zsh installation.
  export ZSH=/home/xiehongfeng100/.oh-my-zsh

# Set name of the theme to load.
# Look in ~/.oh-my-zsh/themes/
# Themes Link: https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/themes
# Extra Themes Link: https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/External-themes
# Optionally, if you set this to "random", it'll load a random theme each
# time that oh-my-zsh is loaded.
# ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell"
# ZSH_THEME="agnoster"
# ZSH_THEME="gentoo"
# ZSH_THEME="dogenpunk"
# ZSH_THEME="bureau"
# ZSH_THEME="avit"
# ZSH_THEME="af-magic"
ZSH_THEME="bira"

# Uncomment the following line to use case-sensitive completion.
# CASE_SENSITIVE="true"

# Uncomment the following line to use hyphen-insensitive completion. Case
# sensitive completion must be off. _ and - will be interchangeable.
# HYPHEN_INSENSITIVE="true"

# Uncomment the following line to disable bi-weekly auto-update checks.
# DISABLE_AUTO_UPDATE="true"

# Uncomment the following line to change how often to auto-update (in days).
# export UPDATE_ZSH_DAYS=13

# Uncomment the following line to disable colors in ls.
# DISABLE_LS_COLORS="true"

# Uncomment the following line to disable auto-setting terminal title.
# DISABLE_AUTO_TITLE="true"

# Uncomment the following line to enable command auto-correction.
ENABLE_CORRECTION="true"

# Uncomment the following line to display red dots whilst waiting for completion.
COMPLETION_WAITING_DOTS="true"

# Uncomment the following line if you want to disable marking untracked files
# under VCS as dirty. This makes repository status check for large repositories
# much, much faster.
# DISABLE_UNTRACKED_FILES_DIRTY="true"

# Uncomment the following line if you want to change the command execution time
# stamp shown in the history command output.
# The optional three formats: "mm/dd/yyyy"|"dd.mm.yyyy"|"yyyy-mm-dd"
# HIST_STAMPS="mm/dd/yyyy"

# Would you like to use another custom folder than $ZSH/custom?
# ZSH_CUSTOM=/path/to/new-custom-folder

# Which plugins would you like to load? (plugins can be found in ~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/*)
# Custom plugins may be added to ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/plugins/
# Example format: plugins=(rails git textmate ruby lighthouse)
# Add wisely, as too many plugins slow down shell startup.
plugins=(git git-flow history-substring-search github zsh-syntax-highlighting)

# User configuration

  export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/home/xiehongfeng100/.local/bin:/home/xiehongfeng100/bin"
# export MANPATH="/usr/local/man:$MANPATH"

  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/systemc-2.3.1/lib-linux64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"

source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh

# You may need to manually set your language environment
# export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

# Preferred editor for local and remote sessions
# if [[ -n $SSH_CONNECTION ]]; then
#   export EDITOR='vim'
# else
#   export EDITOR='mvim'
# fi

# Compilation flags
# export ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64"

# ssh
# export SSH_KEY_PATH="~/.ssh/dsa_id"

# Set personal aliases, overriding those provided by oh-my-zsh libs,
# plugins, and themes. Aliases can be placed here, though oh-my-zsh
# users are encouraged to define aliases within the ZSH_CUSTOM folder.
# For a full list of active aliases, run `alias`.
#
# Example aliases
# alias zshconfig="mate ~/.zshrc"
# alias ohmyzsh="mate ~/.oh-my-zsh"

~/.zshrc

　　須要注意的是，可能須要設置一下環境變量。具體可參考上一博文 Linux 中環境變量設置。github

　　下圖是我的終端效果：shell

　　注：終端背景顏色是經過終端的 Edit->Profile Preference->Colors，具體兩個步驟以下：json

　　RGB數值大概分別爲37 42 44。

　　關於 zsh 詳細配置可參考 archlinux 上的一篇文章 Zsh。

　　爲了更方便，還可安裝 autojump 插件：

sudo yum install autojump
sudo yum install autojump-zsh

　　它有一個很是實用的功能，及可以快速切換到已經打開過的目錄，以下例：

$ pwd
/home/seisman
$ cd Desktop
$ cd /opt
$ cd /usr/local

# 用j命令迅速從/usr/local跳轉到與des匹配的目錄，這裏只有Desktop能夠匹配
$ j des
$ pwd
/home/seisman/Desktop

安裝及配置 TMUX

　　關於 TMUX 的概念，博文 Tmux - Linux從業者必備利器說的很詳細生動。而另外一博文tmux的使用方法和個性化配置對TMUX的配置說的很不錯。

　　安裝 TMUX 直接用 yum 就能夠了：

sudo yum install tmux

　　接下來就主要配置下 TMUX 就好了。新建文件 ~/.tmux.conf：

#設置前綴爲Ctrl + x
set -g prefix C-x
#解除Ctrl+b 與前綴的對應關係
unbind C-b

　　效果圖以下：

　　部分 TMUX 快捷鍵可參考博文 tmux 快捷鍵：

　　其餘命令的使用須要先激活 TMUX，默認快捷鍵是 Ctrl + b。由於我已經修改了這個快捷鍵，因此是 Ctrl + x。

VIM 的配置

安裝 Vundle

　　Vundle 的安裝參照其主頁便可：

$ git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim

　　在 ~/.vimrc 中添加以下內容：

" Vundle Setting
set nocompatible
filetype off
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin()

" Let Vundle manage itself
Plugin 'gmarik/Vundle.vim'
" Plugins
Plugin 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'
Plugin 'scrooloose/syntastic'
Plugin 'bling/vim-airline'
Plugin 'SirVer/ultisnips'
Plugin 'edsono/vim-matchit'
Plugin 'elzr/vim-json'
Plugin 'honza/vim-snippets'
Plugin 'justinmk/vim-sneak'
Plugin 'kien/ctrlp.vim'
Plugin 'ludovicchabant/vim-lawrencium'
Plugin 'majutsushi/tagbar'
Plugin 'mhinz/vim-signify'
Plugin 'plasticboy/vim-markdown'
Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdcommenter'
Plugin 'sjl/gundo.vim'
Plugin 'tpope/vim-sleuth'
Plugin 'tpope/vim-surround'
Plugin 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
Plugin 'tyru/open-browser.vim'
Plugin 'vim-scripts/a.vim'
" Plugin 'Raimondi/delimitMate'

" Color schemes
Plugin 'tomasr/molokai'
Plugin 'flazz/vim-colorschemes'

call vundle#end()
filetype plugin indent on

Vundle Setting

　　保存退出 vim 後從新進入 vim，執行 :BundelInstall。

　　安裝過程以下圖（摘自 Vundle 主頁）：

安裝 YouCompleteMe

　　在上一步的基礎上，參照 YouCompleteMe 主頁，我的配置採用：

cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe
./install.py --clang-completer

　　有時這樣子會提示 clang 沒有安裝（clang 已安裝），這時將次日語句改成：

./install.py --clang-completer --system-libclang

　　另外，install.py 的參數是能夠經過

./install.py --help

來獲得的。

編輯 ~/.vimrc

　　完整的 ~/.vimrc 文件以下：

" Vundle Setting
set nocompatible
filetype off
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin()

" Let Vundle manage itself
Plugin 'gmarik/Vundle.vim'
" Plugins
Plugin 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'
Plugin 'scrooloose/syntastic'
Plugin 'bling/vim-airline'
Plugin 'SirVer/ultisnips'
Plugin 'edsono/vim-matchit'
Plugin 'elzr/vim-json'
Plugin 'honza/vim-snippets'
Plugin 'justinmk/vim-sneak'
Plugin 'kien/ctrlp.vim'
Plugin 'ludovicchabant/vim-lawrencium'
Plugin 'majutsushi/tagbar'
Plugin 'mhinz/vim-signify'
Plugin 'plasticboy/vim-markdown'
Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdcommenter'
Plugin 'sjl/gundo.vim'
Plugin 'tpope/vim-sleuth'
Plugin 'tpope/vim-surround'
Plugin 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
Plugin 'tyru/open-browser.vim'
Plugin 'vim-scripts/a.vim'
" Plugin 'Raimondi/delimitMate'

" Color schemes
Plugin 'tomasr/molokai'
Plugin 'flazz/vim-colorschemes'

call vundle#end()
filetype plugin indent on

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => YouCompleteMe  代碼自動補全  Begin
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Plugin 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'
" youcompleteme  默認tab  s-tab 和自動補全衝突
" let g:ycm_key_list_select_completion=['<c-n>']
" let g:ycm_key_list_select_completion = ['<Down>']
" let g:ycm_key_list_previous_completion=['<c-p>']
" let g:ycm_key_list_previous_completion = ['<Up>']
" let g:ycm_confirm_extra_conf=0      " 關閉加載.ycm_extra_conf.py提示
let g:ycm_complete_in_comments = 1                "在註釋輸入中也能補全
let g:ycm_complete_in_strings = 1                "在字符串輸入中也能補全
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_tags_files=1                 " 開啓 YCM 基於標籤引擎
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_comments_and_strings = 1    "註釋和字符串中的文字也會被收入補全
let g:ycm_seed_identifiers_with_syntax=1            "語言關鍵字補全, 不過python關鍵字都很短，因此，須要的本身打開
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_tags_files = 1
let g:ycm_min_num_of_chars_for_completion=2            " 從第2個鍵入字符就開始羅列匹配項
" 引入，能夠補全系統，以及python的第三方包 針對新老版本YCM作了兼容
" old version
if !empty(glob("~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py"))
    let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf = "~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py"
endif
" new version
if !empty(glob("~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py"))
    let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf = "~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py"
endif
"mapping
nmap <leader>gd :YcmDiags<CR>
nnoremap <leader>gl :YcmCompleter GoToDeclaration<CR>           " 跳轉到申明處
nnoremap <leader>gf :YcmCompleter GoToDefinition<CR>            " 跳轉到定義處
nnoremap <leader>gg :YcmCompleter GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration<CR>
" 直接觸發自動補全
let g:ycm_key_invoke_completion = '<C-Space>'
" 黑名單,不啓用
let g:ycm_filetype_blacklist = {
        \ 'tagbar' : 1,
        \ 'gitcommit' : 1,
        \}
map <F9> :call SaveInputData()<CR>
func! SaveInputData()
    exec "tabnew"
    exec 'normal "+gP'
    exec "w! /tmp/input_data"
endfunc
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => YouCompleteMe  代碼自動補全  End
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" set t_Co=256
" set background=dark
" colorschem solarized

" 設置配色方案
colorscheme torte
" colorscheme murphy
" colorscheme desert 

"字體 
"if (has("gui_running")) 
"   set guifont=Bitstream\ Vera\ Sans\ Mono\ 10 
"endif 

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" 顯示相關  
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"set shortmess=atI   " 啓動的時候不顯示那個援助烏干達兒童的提示  
"winpos 5 5          " 設定窗口位置  
"set lines=40 columns=155    " 設定窗口大小  
set go=             " 不要圖形按鈕  
"color asmanian2     " 設置背景主題  
"set guifont=Courier_New:h10:cANSI   " 設置字體  
"syntax on           " 語法高亮  
autocmd InsertLeave * se nocul  " 用淺色高亮當前行  
autocmd InsertEnter * se cul    " 用淺色高亮當前行  
"set ruler           " 顯示標尺  
set showcmd         " 輸入的命令顯示出來，看的清楚些  
"set cmdheight=1     " 命令行（在狀態行下）的高度，設置爲1  
"set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l   " 容許backspace和光標鍵跨越行邊界(不建議)  
"set scrolloff=3     " 光標移動到buffer的頂部和底部時保持3行距離  
set novisualbell    " 不要閃爍(不明白)  
set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [POS=%l,%v][%p%%]\ %{strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\ -\ %H:%M\")}   "狀態行顯示的內容  
set laststatus=1    " 啓動顯示狀態行(1),老是顯示狀態行(2)  
set foldenable      " 容許摺疊  
set foldmethod=manual   " 手動摺疊  
"set background=dark "背景使用黑色 
" 顯示中文幫助
if version >= 603
    set helplang=cn
    set encoding=utf-8
endif

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"""""新文件標題
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"新建.c,.h,.sh,.java文件，自動插入文件頭 
autocmd BufNewFile *.cpp,*.[ch],*.sh,*.java exec ":call SetTitle()" 
""定義函數SetTitle，自動插入文件頭 
func SetTitle() 
    "若是文件類型爲.sh文件 
    if &filetype == 'sh' 
    call setline(1,"\#########################################################################") 
    call append(line("."), "\# File Name: ".expand("%")) 
    call append(line(".")+1, "\# Author: xiehongfeng") 
    call append(line(".")+2, "\# mail: xiehongfeng100@qq.com") 
    call append(line(".")+3, "\# Created Time: ".strftime("%c")) 
    call append(line(".")+4, "\#########################################################################") 
    call append(line(".")+5, "\#!/bin/bash") 
    call append(line(".")+6, "") 
    else 
    call setline(1, "/*************************************************************************") 
    call append(line("."), "    > File Name: ".expand("%")) 
    call append(line(".")+1, "    > Author: xiehongfeng") 
    call append(line(".")+2, "    > Mail: xiehongfeng100@qq.com") 
    call append(line(".")+3, "    > Created Time: ".strftime("%c")) 
    call append(line(".")+4, " ************************************************************************/") 
    call append(line(".")+5, "")
    endif
    if &filetype == 'cpp'
    call append(line(".")+6, "#include <iostream>")
    call append(line(".")+7, "using namespace std;")
    call append(line(".")+8, "")
    endif
    if &filetype == 'c'
    call append(line(".")+6, "#include <stdio.h>")
    call append(line(".")+7, "")
    endif
    "    if &filetype == 'java'
    "        call append(line(".")+6,"public class ".expand("%"))
    "        call append(line(".")+7,"")
    "    endif
    "新建文件後，自動定位到文件末尾
    autocmd BufNewFile * normal G
endfunc 

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"鍵盤命令
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
nmap <leader>w :w!<cr>
nmap <leader>f :find<cr>
" 映射全選+複製 ctrl+a
map <C-A> ggVGY
map! <C-A> <Esc>ggVGY
map <F12> gg=G
" 選中狀態下 Ctrl+c 複製
vmap <C-c> "+y
"去空行  
nnoremap <F2> :g/^\s*$/d<CR> 
"比較文件  
nnoremap <C-F2> :vert diffsplit 
"新建標籤  
map <M-F2> :tabnew<CR>  
"列出當前目錄文件  
map <F3> :tabnew .<CR>  
"打開樹狀文件目錄  
map <C-F3> \be  
"C，C++ 按F5編譯運行
map <F5> :call CompileRunGcc()<CR>
func! CompileRunGcc()
    exec "w"
    if &filetype == 'c'
    exec "!g++ % -o %<"
    exec "! ./%<"
    elseif &filetype == 'cpp'
    exec "!g++ % -o %<"
    exec "! ./%<"
    elseif &filetype == 'java' 
    exec "!javac %" 
    exec "!java %<"
    elseif &filetype == 'sh'
    :!./%
    elseif &filetype == 'py'
    exec "!python %"
    exec "!python %<"
    endif
endfunc
"C,C++的調試
map <F8> :call Rungdb()<CR>
func! Rungdb()
    exec "w"
    exec "!g++ % -g -o %<"
    exec "!gdb ./%<"
endfunc

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
""實用設置
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" 設置當文件被改動時自動載入
set autoread
" quickfix模式
autocmd FileType c,cpp map <buffer> <leader><space> :w<cr>:make<cr>
"代碼補全 
set completeopt=preview,menu 
"容許插件  
filetype plugin on
"共享剪貼板  
set clipboard+=unnamed 
"從不備份  
set nobackup
"make 運行
:set makeprg=g++\ -Wall\ \ %
"自動保存
set autowrite
set ruler                   " 打開狀態欄標尺
set cursorline              " 突出顯示當前行
set magic                   " 設置魔術
set guioptions-=T           " 隱藏工具欄
set guioptions-=m           " 隱藏菜單欄
"set statusline=\ %<%F[%1*%M%*%n%R%H]%=\ %y\ %0(%{&fileformat}\ %{&encoding}\ %c:%l/%L%)\
" 設置在狀態行顯示的信息
set foldcolumn=0
set foldmethod=indent 
set foldlevel=3 
set foldenable              " 開始摺疊
" 不要使用vi的鍵盤模式，而是vim本身的
set nocompatible
" 語法高亮
set syntax=on
" 去掉輸入錯誤的提示聲音
set noeb
" 在處理未保存或只讀文件的時候，彈出確認
set confirm
" 自動縮進
set autoindent
set cindent
" Tab鍵的寬度
set tabstop=4
" 統一縮進爲4
set softtabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
" 不要用空格代替製表符
set noexpandtab
" 在行和段開始處使用製表符
set smarttab
" 顯示行號
set number
" 歷史記錄數
set history=1000
"禁止生成臨時文件
set nobackup
set noswapfile
"搜索忽略大小寫
set ignorecase
"搜索逐字符高亮
set hlsearch
set incsearch
"行內替換
set gdefault
"編碼設置
set enc=utf-8
set fencs=utf-8,ucs-bom,shift-jis,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936
"語言設置
set langmenu=zh_CN.UTF-8
set helplang=cn
" 個人狀態行顯示的內容（包括文件類型和解碼）
"set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [POS=%l,%v][%p%%]\ %{strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\ -\ %H:%M\")}
"set statusline=[%F]%y%r%m%*%=[Line:%l/%L,Column:%c][%p%%]
" 老是顯示狀態行
set laststatus=2
" 命令行（在狀態行下）的高度，默認爲1，這裏是2
set cmdheight=2
" 偵測文件類型
filetype on
" 載入文件類型插件
filetype plugin on
" 爲特定文件類型載入相關縮進文件
filetype indent on
" 保存全局變量
set viminfo+=!
" 帶有以下符號的單詞不要被換行分割
set iskeyword+=_,$,@,%,#,-
" 字符間插入的像素行數目
set linespace=0
" 加強模式中的命令行自動完成操做
set wildmenu
" 使回格鍵（backspace）正常處理indent, eol, start等
set backspace=2
" 容許backspace和光標鍵跨越行邊界
set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l
" 能夠在buffer的任何地方使用鼠標（相似office中在工做區雙擊鼠標定位）
set mouse=a
set selection=exclusive
set selectmode=mouse,key
" 經過使用: commands命令，告訴咱們文件的哪一行被改變過
set report=0
" 在被分割的窗口間顯示空白，便於閱讀
set fillchars=vert:\ ,stl:\ ,stlnc:\
" 高亮顯示匹配的括號
set showmatch
" 匹配括號高亮的時間（單位是十分之一秒）
set matchtime=1
" 光標移動到buffer的頂部和底部時保持3行距離
set scrolloff=3
" 爲C程序提供自動縮進
set smartindent
" 高亮顯示普通txt文件（須要txt.vim腳本）
au BufRead,BufNewFile *  setfiletype txt
"自動補全
:inoremap ( ()<ESC>i
:inoremap ) <c-r>=ClosePair(')')<CR>
:inoremap { {<CR>}<ESC>O
:inoremap } <c-r>=ClosePair('}')<CR>
:inoremap [ []<ESC>i
:inoremap ] <c-r>=ClosePair(']')<CR>
" :inoremap " ""<ESC>i
" :inoremap ' ''<ESC>i
function! ClosePair(char)
    if getline('.')[col('.') - 1] == a:char
    return "\<Right>"
    else
    return a:char
    endif
endfunction
filetype plugin indent on 
"打開文件類型檢測, 加了這句才能夠用智能補全
set completeopt=longest,menu