Linux 開發環境搭建
本文多參考自網上資料，在此多謝這些資料的做者的辛勤勞動！php
另外，本文所用 Linux 版本爲 CentOS 7.1。html
終端配置
安裝及配置 Zsh
在默認狀況下，Linux 下的終端是 bash，但其跟 zsh 相比起來仍是有點差距。博文使用 zsh 的九個理由就講了九個使用 zsh 的理由。java
安裝 zsh，直接利用 yum 便可：python
sudo yum install zsh
而後能夠直接用 oh-my-zsh 來配置 zsh:linux
sh -c "$(wget https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)"
或者用 curl:ios
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
接下來能夠編輯一下 ~/.zshrc 來修改 zsh 顏色主題及安裝插件。我的的該文件爲：git
# Path to your oh-my-zsh installation. export ZSH=/home/xiehongfeng100/.oh-my-zsh # Set name of the theme to load. # Look in ~/.oh-my-zsh/themes/ # Themes Link: https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/themes # Extra Themes Link: https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/External-themes # Optionally, if you set this to "random", it'll load a random theme each # time that oh-my-zsh is loaded. # ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell" # ZSH_THEME="agnoster" # ZSH_THEME="gentoo" # ZSH_THEME="dogenpunk" # ZSH_THEME="bureau" # ZSH_THEME="avit" # ZSH_THEME="af-magic" ZSH_THEME="bira" # Uncomment the following line to use case-sensitive completion. # CASE_SENSITIVE="true" # Uncomment the following line to use hyphen-insensitive completion. Case # sensitive completion must be off. _ and - will be interchangeable. # HYPHEN_INSENSITIVE="true" # Uncomment the following line to disable bi-weekly auto-update checks. # DISABLE_AUTO_UPDATE="true" # Uncomment the following line to change how often to auto-update (in days). # export UPDATE_ZSH_DAYS=13 # Uncomment the following line to disable colors in ls. # DISABLE_LS_COLORS="true" # Uncomment the following line to disable auto-setting terminal title. # DISABLE_AUTO_TITLE="true" # Uncomment the following line to enable command auto-correction. ENABLE_CORRECTION="true" # Uncomment the following line to display red dots whilst waiting for completion. COMPLETION_WAITING_DOTS="true" # Uncomment the following line if you want to disable marking untracked files # under VCS as dirty. This makes repository status check for large repositories # much, much faster. # DISABLE_UNTRACKED_FILES_DIRTY="true" # Uncomment the following line if you want to change the command execution time # stamp shown in the history command output. # The optional three formats: "mm/dd/yyyy"|"dd.mm.yyyy"|"yyyy-mm-dd" # HIST_STAMPS="mm/dd/yyyy" # Would you like to use another custom folder than $ZSH/custom? # ZSH_CUSTOM=/path/to/new-custom-folder # Which plugins would you like to load? (plugins can be found in ~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/*) # Custom plugins may be added to ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/plugins/ # Example format: plugins=(rails git textmate ruby lighthouse) # Add wisely, as too many plugins slow down shell startup. plugins=(git git-flow history-substring-search github zsh-syntax-highlighting) # User configuration export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/home/xiehongfeng100/.local/bin:/home/xiehongfeng100/bin" # export MANPATH="/usr/local/man:$MANPATH" export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/systemc-2.3.1/lib-linux64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH" source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh # You may need to manually set your language environment # export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 # Preferred editor for local and remote sessions # if [[ -n $SSH_CONNECTION ]]; then # export EDITOR='vim' # else # export EDITOR='mvim' # fi # Compilation flags # export ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" # ssh # export SSH_KEY_PATH="~/.ssh/dsa_id" # Set personal aliases, overriding those provided by oh-my-zsh libs, # plugins, and themes. Aliases can be placed here, though oh-my-zsh # users are encouraged to define aliases within the ZSH_CUSTOM folder. # For a full list of active aliases, run `alias`. # # Example aliases # alias zshconfig="mate ~/.zshrc" # alias ohmyzsh="mate ~/.oh-my-zsh"
須要注意的是，可能須要設置一下環境變量。具體可參考上一博文 Linux 中環境變量設置。github
下圖是我的終端效果：shell
注：終端背景顏色是經過終端的 Edit->Profile Preference->Colors，具體兩個步驟以下：json
RGB數值大概分別爲37 42 44。
關於 zsh 詳細配置可參考 archlinux 上的一篇文章 Zsh。
爲了更方便，還可安裝 autojump 插件：
sudo yum install autojump sudo yum install autojump-zsh
它有一個很是實用的功能，及可以快速切換到已經打開過的目錄，以下例：
$ pwd /home/seisman $ cd Desktop $ cd /opt $ cd /usr/local # 用j命令迅速從/usr/local跳轉到與des匹配的目錄，這裏只有Desktop能夠匹配 $ j des $ pwd /home/seisman/Desktop
安裝及配置 TMUX
關於 TMUX 的概念，博文 Tmux - Linux從業者必備利器說的很詳細生動。而另外一博文tmux的使用方法和個性化配置對TMUX的配置說的很不錯。
安裝 TMUX 直接用 yum 就能夠了：
sudo yum install tmux
接下來就主要配置下 TMUX 就好了。新建文件 ~/.tmux.conf：
#設置前綴爲Ctrl + x set -g prefix C-x #解除Ctrl+b 與前綴的對應關係 unbind C-b
效果圖以下：
部分 TMUX 快捷鍵可參考博文 tmux 快捷鍵：
其餘命令的使用須要先激活 TMUX，默認快捷鍵是 Ctrl + b。由於我已經修改了這個快捷鍵，因此是 Ctrl + x。
VIM 的配置
安裝 Vundle
Vundle 的安裝參照其主頁便可：
$ git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
在 ~/.vimrc 中添加以下內容：
" Vundle Setting set nocompatible filetype off set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim call vundle#begin() " Let Vundle manage itself Plugin 'gmarik/Vundle.vim' " Plugins Plugin 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe' Plugin 'scrooloose/syntastic' Plugin 'bling/vim-airline' Plugin 'SirVer/ultisnips' Plugin 'edsono/vim-matchit' Plugin 'elzr/vim-json' Plugin 'honza/vim-snippets' Plugin 'justinmk/vim-sneak' Plugin 'kien/ctrlp.vim' Plugin 'ludovicchabant/vim-lawrencium' Plugin 'majutsushi/tagbar' Plugin 'mhinz/vim-signify' Plugin 'plasticboy/vim-markdown' Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdcommenter' Plugin 'sjl/gundo.vim' Plugin 'tpope/vim-sleuth' Plugin 'tpope/vim-surround' Plugin 'tpope/vim-fugitive' Plugin 'tyru/open-browser.vim' Plugin 'vim-scripts/a.vim' " Plugin 'Raimondi/delimitMate' " Color schemes Plugin 'tomasr/molokai' Plugin 'flazz/vim-colorschemes' call vundle#end() filetype plugin indent on
保存退出 vim 後從新進入 vim，執行 :BundelInstall。
安裝過程以下圖（摘自 Vundle 主頁）：
安裝 YouCompleteMe
在上一步的基礎上，參照 YouCompleteMe 主頁，我的配置採用：
cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe ./install.py --clang-completer
有時這樣子會提示 clang 沒有安裝（clang 已安裝），這時將次日語句改成：
./install.py --clang-completer --system-libclang
另外，install.py 的參數是能夠經過
./install.py --help
來獲得的。
編輯 ~/.vimrc
完整的 ~/.vimrc 文件以下：
" Vundle Setting set nocompatible filetype off set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim call vundle#begin() " Let Vundle manage itself Plugin 'gmarik/Vundle.vim' " Plugins Plugin 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe' Plugin 'scrooloose/syntastic' Plugin 'bling/vim-airline' Plugin 'SirVer/ultisnips' Plugin 'edsono/vim-matchit' Plugin 'elzr/vim-json' Plugin 'honza/vim-snippets' Plugin 'justinmk/vim-sneak' Plugin 'kien/ctrlp.vim' Plugin 'ludovicchabant/vim-lawrencium' Plugin 'majutsushi/tagbar' Plugin 'mhinz/vim-signify' Plugin 'plasticboy/vim-markdown' Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdcommenter' Plugin 'sjl/gundo.vim' Plugin 'tpope/vim-sleuth' Plugin 'tpope/vim-surround' Plugin 'tpope/vim-fugitive' Plugin 'tyru/open-browser.vim' Plugin 'vim-scripts/a.vim' " Plugin 'Raimondi/delimitMate' " Color schemes Plugin 'tomasr/molokai' Plugin 'flazz/vim-colorschemes' call vundle#end() filetype plugin indent on """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" " => YouCompleteMe 代碼自動補全 Begin """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" " Plugin 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe' " youcompleteme 默認tab s-tab 和自動補全衝突 " let g:ycm_key_list_select_completion=['<c-n>'] " let g:ycm_key_list_select_completion = ['<Down>'] " let g:ycm_key_list_previous_completion=['<c-p>'] " let g:ycm_key_list_previous_completion = ['<Up>'] " let g:ycm_confirm_extra_conf=0 " 關閉加載.ycm_extra_conf.py提示 let g:ycm_complete_in_comments = 1 "在註釋輸入中也能補全 let g:ycm_complete_in_strings = 1 "在字符串輸入中也能補全 let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_tags_files=1 " 開啓 YCM 基於標籤引擎 let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_comments_and_strings = 1 "註釋和字符串中的文字也會被收入補全 let g:ycm_seed_identifiers_with_syntax=1 "語言關鍵字補全, 不過python關鍵字都很短，因此，須要的本身打開 let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_tags_files = 1 let g:ycm_min_num_of_chars_for_completion=2 " 從第2個鍵入字符就開始羅列匹配項 " 引入，能夠補全系統，以及python的第三方包 針對新老版本YCM作了兼容 " old version if !empty(glob("~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py")) let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf = "~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py" endif " new version if !empty(glob("~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py")) let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf = "~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py" endif "mapping nmap <leader>gd :YcmDiags<CR> nnoremap <leader>gl :YcmCompleter GoToDeclaration<CR> " 跳轉到申明處 nnoremap <leader>gf :YcmCompleter GoToDefinition<CR> " 跳轉到定義處 nnoremap <leader>gg :YcmCompleter GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration<CR> " 直接觸發自動補全 let g:ycm_key_invoke_completion = '<C-Space>' " 黑名單,不啓用 let g:ycm_filetype_blacklist = { \ 'tagbar' : 1, \ 'gitcommit' : 1, \} map <F9> :call SaveInputData()<CR> func! SaveInputData() exec "tabnew" exec 'normal "+gP' exec "w! /tmp/input_data" endfunc """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" " => YouCompleteMe 代碼自動補全 End """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" " set t_Co=256 " set background=dark " colorschem solarized " 設置配色方案 colorscheme torte " colorscheme murphy " colorscheme desert "字體 "if (has("gui_running")) " set guifont=Bitstream\ Vera\ Sans\ Mono\ 10 "endif """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" " 顯示相關 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" "set shortmess=atI " 啓動的時候不顯示那個援助烏干達兒童的提示 "winpos 5 5 " 設定窗口位置 "set lines=40 columns=155 " 設定窗口大小 set go= " 不要圖形按鈕 "color asmanian2 " 設置背景主題 "set guifont=Courier_New:h10:cANSI " 設置字體 "syntax on " 語法高亮 autocmd InsertLeave * se nocul " 用淺色高亮當前行 autocmd InsertEnter * se cul " 用淺色高亮當前行 "set ruler " 顯示標尺 set showcmd " 輸入的命令顯示出來，看的清楚些 "set cmdheight=1 " 命令行（在狀態行下）的高度，設置爲1 "set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l " 容許backspace和光標鍵跨越行邊界(不建議) "set scrolloff=3 " 光標移動到buffer的頂部和底部時保持3行距離 set novisualbell " 不要閃爍(不明白) set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [POS=%l,%v][%p%%]\ %{strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\ -\ %H:%M\")} "狀態行顯示的內容 set laststatus=1 " 啓動顯示狀態行(1),老是顯示狀態行(2) set foldenable " 容許摺疊 set foldmethod=manual " 手動摺疊 "set background=dark "背景使用黑色 " 顯示中文幫助 if version >= 603 set helplang=cn set encoding=utf-8 endif """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""新文件標題 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" "新建.c,.h,.sh,.java文件，自動插入文件頭 autocmd BufNewFile *.cpp,*.[ch],*.sh,*.java exec ":call SetTitle()" ""定義函數SetTitle，自動插入文件頭 func SetTitle() "若是文件類型爲.sh文件 if &filetype == 'sh' call setline(1,"\#########################################################################") call append(line("."), "\# File Name: ".expand("%")) call append(line(".")+1, "\# Author: xiehongfeng") call append(line(".")+2, "\# mail: xiehongfeng100@qq.com") call append(line(".")+3, "\# Created Time: ".strftime("%c")) call append(line(".")+4, "\#########################################################################") call append(line(".")+5, "\#!/bin/bash") call append(line(".")+6, "") else call setline(1, "/*************************************************************************") call append(line("."), " > File Name: ".expand("%")) call append(line(".")+1, " > Author: xiehongfeng") call append(line(".")+2, " > Mail: xiehongfeng100@qq.com") call append(line(".")+3, " > Created Time: ".strftime("%c")) call append(line(".")+4, " ************************************************************************/") call append(line(".")+5, "") endif if &filetype == 'cpp' call append(line(".")+6, "#include <iostream>") call append(line(".")+7, "using namespace std;") call append(line(".")+8, "") endif if &filetype == 'c' call append(line(".")+6, "#include <stdio.h>") call append(line(".")+7, "") endif " if &filetype == 'java' " call append(line(".")+6,"public class ".expand("%")) " call append(line(".")+7,"") " endif "新建文件後，自動定位到文件末尾 autocmd BufNewFile * normal G endfunc """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" "鍵盤命令 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" nmap <leader>w :w!<cr> nmap <leader>f :find<cr> " 映射全選+複製 ctrl+a map <C-A> ggVGY map! <C-A> <Esc>ggVGY map <F12> gg=G " 選中狀態下 Ctrl+c 複製 vmap <C-c> "+y "去空行 nnoremap <F2> :g/^\s*$/d<CR> "比較文件 nnoremap <C-F2> :vert diffsplit "新建標籤 map <M-F2> :tabnew<CR> "列出當前目錄文件 map <F3> :tabnew .<CR> "打開樹狀文件目錄 map <C-F3> \be "C，C++ 按F5編譯運行 map <F5> :call CompileRunGcc()<CR> func! CompileRunGcc() exec "w" if &filetype == 'c' exec "!g++ % -o %<" exec "! ./%<" elseif &filetype == 'cpp' exec "!g++ % -o %<" exec "! ./%<" elseif &filetype == 'java' exec "!javac %" exec "!java %<" elseif &filetype == 'sh' :!./% elseif &filetype == 'py' exec "!python %" exec "!python %<" endif endfunc "C,C++的調試 map <F8> :call Rungdb()<CR> func! Rungdb() exec "w" exec "!g++ % -g -o %<" exec "!gdb ./%<" endfunc """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ""實用設置 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" " 設置當文件被改動時自動載入 set autoread " quickfix模式 autocmd FileType c,cpp map <buffer> <leader><space> :w<cr>:make<cr> "代碼補全 set completeopt=preview,menu "容許插件 filetype plugin on "共享剪貼板 set clipboard+=unnamed "從不備份 set nobackup "make 運行 :set makeprg=g++\ -Wall\ \ % "自動保存 set autowrite set ruler " 打開狀態欄標尺 set cursorline " 突出顯示當前行 set magic " 設置魔術 set guioptions-=T " 隱藏工具欄 set guioptions-=m " 隱藏菜單欄 "set statusline=\ %<%F[%1*%M%*%n%R%H]%=\ %y\ %0(%{&fileformat}\ %{&encoding}\ %c:%l/%L%)\ " 設置在狀態行顯示的信息 set foldcolumn=0 set foldmethod=indent set foldlevel=3 set foldenable " 開始摺疊 " 不要使用vi的鍵盤模式，而是vim本身的 set nocompatible " 語法高亮 set syntax=on " 去掉輸入錯誤的提示聲音 set noeb " 在處理未保存或只讀文件的時候，彈出確認 set confirm " 自動縮進 set autoindent set cindent " Tab鍵的寬度 set tabstop=4 " 統一縮進爲4 set softtabstop=4 set shiftwidth=4 " 不要用空格代替製表符 set noexpandtab " 在行和段開始處使用製表符 set smarttab " 顯示行號 set number " 歷史記錄數 set history=1000 "禁止生成臨時文件 set nobackup set noswapfile "搜索忽略大小寫 set ignorecase "搜索逐字符高亮 set hlsearch set incsearch "行內替換 set gdefault "編碼設置 set enc=utf-8 set fencs=utf-8,ucs-bom,shift-jis,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936 "語言設置 set langmenu=zh_CN.UTF-8 set helplang=cn " 個人狀態行顯示的內容（包括文件類型和解碼） "set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [POS=%l,%v][%p%%]\ %{strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\ -\ %H:%M\")} "set statusline=[%F]%y%r%m%*%=[Line:%l/%L,Column:%c][%p%%] " 老是顯示狀態行 set laststatus=2 " 命令行（在狀態行下）的高度，默認爲1，這裏是2 set cmdheight=2 " 偵測文件類型 filetype on " 載入文件類型插件 filetype plugin on " 爲特定文件類型載入相關縮進文件 filetype indent on " 保存全局變量 set viminfo+=! " 帶有以下符號的單詞不要被換行分割 set iskeyword+=_,$,@,%,#,- " 字符間插入的像素行數目 set linespace=0 " 加強模式中的命令行自動完成操做 set wildmenu " 使回格鍵（backspace）正常處理indent, eol, start等 set backspace=2 " 容許backspace和光標鍵跨越行邊界 set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l " 能夠在buffer的任何地方使用鼠標（相似office中在工做區雙擊鼠標定位） set mouse=a set selection=exclusive set selectmode=mouse,key " 經過使用: commands命令，告訴咱們文件的哪一行被改變過 set report=0 " 在被分割的窗口間顯示空白，便於閱讀 set fillchars=vert:\ ,stl:\ ,stlnc:\ " 高亮顯示匹配的括號 set showmatch " 匹配括號高亮的時間（單位是十分之一秒） set matchtime=1 " 光標移動到buffer的頂部和底部時保持3行距離 set scrolloff=3 " 爲C程序提供自動縮進 set smartindent " 高亮顯示普通txt文件（須要txt.vim腳本） au BufRead,BufNewFile * setfiletype txt "自動補全 :inoremap ( ()<ESC>i :inoremap ) <c-r>=ClosePair(')')<CR> :inoremap { {<CR>}<ESC>O :inoremap } <c-r>=ClosePair('}')<CR> :inoremap [ []<ESC>i :inoremap ] <c-r>=ClosePair(']')<CR> " :inoremap " ""<ESC>i " :inoremap ' ''<ESC>i function! ClosePair(char) if getline('.')[col('.') - 1] == a:char return "\<Right>" else return a:char endif endfunction filetype plugin indent on "打開文件類型檢測, 加了這句才能夠用智能補全 set completeopt=longest,menu
VIM 最終效果以下：