Nginx+keepalived雙機熱備+負載均衡 ???待續

keepalived+nginx雙機熱備+負載均衡

最近因業務擴展,須要將當前的apache 轉爲nginx(web), 再在web前端放置nginx(負載均衡)。同時結合keepalived 對前端nginx實現HA。
nginx進程基於於Master+Slave(worker)多進程模型,自身具備很是穩定的子進程管理功能。在Master進程分配模式下,Master進程永遠不進行業務處理,只是進行任務分發,從而達到Master進程的存活高可靠性,Slave(worker)進程全部的業務信號都 由主進程發出,Slave(worker)進程全部的超時任務都會被Master停止,屬於非阻塞式任務模型。
Keepalived是Linux下面實現VRRP 備份路由的高可靠性運行件。基於Keepalived設計的服務模式可以真正作到主服務器和備份服務器故障時IP瞬間無縫交接。兩者結合,能夠構架出比較穩定的軟件lb方案。




準備4臺電腦來作這個實驗:

192.168.232.132        web服務器
192.168.232.133        web服務器
192.168.232.134        keepalived nginx
192.168.232.135        keepalived nginx

虛擬IP (VIP):192.168.232.16

html

134\135兩個主機配置虛擬IP


下面以135爲例:
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2:0
前端

DEVICE=eth2:0

TYPE=Ethernet

ONBOOT=yes

BOOTPROTO=static

DNS1=192.168.232.2

IPADDR=192.168.232.16

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GETWAY=192.168.232.2

service network restart

使用ifconfig查看效果:linux

eth2      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:49:90:5B  
          inet addr:192.168.232.135  Bcast:192.168.232.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe49:905b/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:66322 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:31860 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:67624991 (64.4 MiB)  TX bytes:2723877 (2.5 MiB)
          Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000
eth2:0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:49:90:5B  
          inet addr:192.168.232.16  Bcast:192.168.232.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:22622 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:22622 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:1236328 (1.1 MiB)  TX bytes:1236328 (1.1 MiB)

說明生效了。

nginx

134\135兩個主機安裝keepalived和nginx


nginx安裝:

一、導入外部軟件庫
rpm -Uvh http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/6/i386/epel-release-6-5.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/6/i386/ius-release-1.0-10.ius.el6.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm
如下添加註釋
mirrorlist=http://dmirr.iuscommunity.org/mirrorlist?repo=ius-el6&arch=$basearch
如下刪除註釋
#baseurl=http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/$basearch
二、yum安裝nginx
yum install nginx

keepalived安裝:

安裝依賴
yum -y install gcc gcc+ gcc-c++
yum install popt-devel openssl openssl-devel libssl-dev libnl-devel popt-devel

安裝內核
yum -y install kernel kernel-devel
當前kernel代碼創建鏈接 ln -s /usr/src/kerners/2.6....../ /usr/src/linux

安裝keepalived
wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz
tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz  
cd keepalived-1.2.2  
./configure  
make  
make install   

拷貝相應的文件

cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/  
cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/  
cp -r /usr/local/etc/keepalived/ /etc/  

c++

配置keeplived和nginx主機


134/135執行都執行如下操做:
vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
web

server {
    listen       8088;
    server_name  localhost;
    location / {
        root   /var/www/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
}

135執行如下操做:
vi /var/www/html/index.html
shell

<html>  

<head>  

<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>  

</head>  

<body bgcolor="white" text="black">  

<center><h1>Welcome to nginx! 192.168.232.135</h1></center>  

</body>  

</html>

134執行如下操做:
vi /var/www/html/index.html
apache

<html>  

<head>  

<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>  

</head>  

<body bgcolor="white" text="black">  

<center><h1>Welcome to nginx! 192.168.232.134</h1></center>  

</body>  

</html>

134執行如下操做:
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
centos

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
     #acassen@firewall.loc
     #failover@firewall.loc
     #sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   #notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   #smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   #smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
    script "</dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/8088"
    interval 1
    weight -2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth2
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.232.16
    }
    track_script {
        chk_http_port
    }
}

135執行如下操做:
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
瀏覽器

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
     #acassen@firewall.loc
     #failover@firewall.loc
     #sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   #notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   #smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   #smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
    script "</dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/8088"
    interval 1
    weight -2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth2
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 99
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.232.16
    }
    track_script {
        chk_http_port
    }
}

Tips:

state   參數值:主的是MASTER、備用的是BACKUP
priority 參數值: MASTER > BACKUP
virtual_router_id: 參數值要同樣

測試測試:


兩臺測試機134\135均啓動keepalived和nginx
service keepalived restart
service keepalived nginx

驗證nginx啓動正常:
訪問 master:http://192.168.232.134:8088/
訪問 backup: http://192.168.232.135:8088/

查看keepalived的日誌信息:

134\135均打開日誌信息方便查看keepalived動態:
tail -f /var/log/messages

瀏覽器打開虛擬ip訪問:http://192.168.232.16:8080/ ,此時顯示IP爲192.168.232.134

服務器層的雙機熱備(好比服務器宕機、keepalived宕了)測試:


kill 192.168.232.134(master) 的keepalived進程
killall keepalived
134的日誌信息以下:

Jun 11 18:03:10 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth1 for 192.168.232.16

Jun 11 18:03:15 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth1 for 192.168.232.16

Jun 11 19:30:44 localhost Keepalived: Terminating on signal

Jun 11 19:30:44 localhost Keepalived: Stopping Keepalived v1.2.2 (06/10,2014)

Jun 11 19:30:44 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: Terminating VRRP child process on signal

Jun 11 19:30:44 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Terminating Healthchecker child process on signal

135的日誌信息以下:

Jun 11 19:30:50 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.

Jun 11 19:30:50 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth2 for 192.168.232.16

Jun 11 19:30:50 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.232.16 added

Jun 11 19:30:55 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth2 for 192.168.232.16

刷新http://192.168.232.16:8080/ , 此時顯示IP爲192.168.232.135。

再次啓動192.168.232.134的keepalived進程,192.168.232.134會自動接管成爲master,192.168.232.135自動轉爲backup,從測試結果看,備機能成功接管,已經實現了熱備。

應用層(web)的雙機熱備(好比nginx進程被意外kill、web端口不通)試驗:


關閉192.168.232.134(master) 的nginx服務:
service nginx stop

134的日誌信息以下:

Jun 11 19:38:49 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Script(chk_http_port) failed

Jun 11 19:38:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert

Jun 11 19:38:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE

Jun 11 19:38:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.

Jun 11 19:38:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.232.16 removed

135的日誌信息以下:

Jun 11 19:38:52 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) forcing a new MASTER election

Jun 11 19:38:53 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE

Jun 11 19:38:54 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

Jun 11 19:38:54 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.

Jun 11 19:38:54 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth2 for 192.168.232.16

Jun 11 19:38:54 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.232.16 added

Jun 11 19:38:59 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth2 for 192.168.232.16

刷新http://192.168.232.16:8080/ , 此時顯示IP爲192.168.232.135。

再次啓動192.168.232.134的nginx進程,192.168.232.134會自動接管成爲master,192.168.232.135自動轉爲backup,從測試結果看,備機能成功接管,已經實現了熱備。

爲何主備的參數state都是MASTER,對的你沒有看錯確實要都設置成同樣的,否則並不能實現咱們想要的VIP漂浮的效果,我測試好久才發現的.state都設置成MASTER後,會根據priority的值大小競爭來決定誰是真正的MASTER,腳本檢測也是在失敗的時候會把權重減去相應的值,好比原來master(181)的priority=100,若是腳本檢測到端口8088沒法鏈接,就會priority-2=98,< S-B(150)的priority(99),此時 S-B(150) 將競爭成爲master,這樣就實現了web應用的熱備。


若是以上實驗都沒有問題了,那麼就該nginx負載均衡的配置了,配置修改參見以下:http://blog.csdn.net/e421083458/article/details/30086413

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