程序設計基礎(C)第07講例程
1 colddays.c
// colddays.c -- 找出0℃如下的天數佔總天數的百分比
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
const int FREEZING = 0;
float temperature;
int cold_days = 0;
int all_days = 0;
printf("Enter the list of daily low temperatures.\n");
printf("Use Celsius, and enter q to quit.\n");
while (scanf("%f", &temperature) == 1)
{
all_days++;
if (temperature < FREEZING)
cold_days++;
}
if (all_days != 0)
printf("%d days total: %.1f%% were below freezing.\n", all_days, 100.0 * (float) cold_days / all_days);
if (all_days == 0)
printf("No data entered!\n");
return 0;
}
2 cypher1.c
// cypher1.c -- 更改輸入，空格不變
#include <stdio.h>
#define SPACE ' ' // SPACE表示單引號-空格-單引號
int main(void)
{
char ch;
ch = getchar(); // 讀取一個字符
while (ch != '\n') // w當一行未結束時
{
if (ch == SPACE) // 留下空格
putchar(ch); //該字符不變
else
putchar(ch + 1); // 改變其餘字符
ch = getchar(); // 獲取下一個字符
}
putchar(ch); // 打印換行符
return 0;
}
3 cypher2.c
// cypher2.c -- 替換輸入的字母，非字母字符保持不變
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h> // 包含isalpha()的函數原型
int main(void)
{
char ch;
while ((ch = getchar()) != '\n')
{
if (isalpha(ch)) // 若是是一個字符
putchar(ch + 1); // 顯示該字符的下一個字符
else // 不然，
putchar(ch); // 原樣顯示
}
putchar(ch); //顯示換行符
return 0;
}
#4 electric.c函數
// electric.c -- 計算電費
#include <stdio.h>
#define RATE1 0.13230 // 首次使用 360 kwh 的費率
#define RATE2 0.15040 // 接着再使用 108 kwh 的費率
#define RATE3 0.30025 // 接着再使用 252 kwh 的費率
#define RATE4 0.34025 // 使用超過 720kwh 的費率
#define BREAK1 360.0 // 費率的第1個分界點
#define BREAK2 468.0 // 費率的第2個分界點
#define BREAK3 720.0 // 費率的第3個分界點
#define BASE1 (RATE1 * BREAK1) // 使用360kwh的費用
#define BASE2 (BASE1 + (RATE2 * (BREAK2 - BREAK1))) // 使用468kwh的費用
#define BASE3 (BASE1 + BASE2 + (RATE3 *(BREAK3 - BREAK2))) //使用720kwh的費用
int main(void)
{
double kwh; // 使用的千瓦時
double bill; // 電費
printf("Please enter the kwh used.\n");
scanf("%lf", &kwh); // %lf對應double類型
if (kwh <= BREAK1)
bill = RATE1 * kwh;
else if (kwh <= BREAK2) // 360～468 kwh
bill = BASE1 + (RATE2 * (kwh - BREAK1));
else if (kwh <= BREAK3) // 468～720 kwh
bill = BASE2 + (RATE3 * (kwh - BREAK2));
else // 超過 720 kwh
bill = BASE3 + (RATE4 * (kwh - BREAK3));
printf("The charge for %.1f kwh is $%1.2f.\n", kwh, bill);
return 0;
}
5 divisors.c
// divisors.c -- 使用嵌套if語句顯示一個數的約數
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
int main(void)
{
unsigned long num; // 待測試的數
unsigned long div; // 可能的約數
bool isPrime; // 素數標記
printf("Please enter an integer for analysis; ");
printf("Enter q to quit.\n");
while (scanf("%lu", &num) == 1)
{
for (div = 2, isPrime = true; (div * div) <= num; div++)
{
if (num % div == 0)
{
if ((div * div) != num)
printf("%lu is divisible by %lu and %lu.\n",num, div, num / div);
else
printf("%lu is divisible by %lu.\n",num, div);
isPrime= false; // number is not prime
}
}
if (isPrime)
printf("%lu is prime.\n", num);
printf("Please enter another integer for analysis; ");
printf("Enter q to quit.\n");
}
printf("Bye.\n");
return 0;
}
6 chcount.c
// chcount.c -- 使用邏輯與運算符
#include <stdio.h>
#define PERIOD '.'
int main(void)
{
char ch;
int charcount = 0;
while ((ch = getchar()) != PERIOD)
{
if (ch != '"' && ch != '\'')
charcount++;
}
printf("There are %d non-quote characters.\n", charcount);
return 0;
}
7 wordcnt.c
// wordcnt.c -- 統計字符數、單詞數、行數
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h> // 爲isspace()函數提供原型
#include <stdbool.h> // 爲bool、true、false提供定義
#define STOP '|'
int main(void)
{
char c; // 讀入字符
char prev; // 讀入的前一個字符
long n_chars = 0L; // 字符數
int n_lines = 0; // 行數
int n_words = 0; // 單詞數
int p_lines = 0; // 不完整的行數
bool inword = false; // 若是c在單詞中，inword 等於 true
printf("Enter text to be analyzed (| to terminate):\n");
prev = '\n'; // 用於識別完整的行
while ((c = getchar()) != STOP)
{
n_chars++; // 統計字符
if (c == '\n')
n_lines++; // 統計行
if (!isspace(c) && !inword)
{
inword = true; // 開始一個新的單詞
n_words++; // 統計單詞
}
if (isspace(c) && inword)
inword = false; // 打到單詞的末尾
prev = c; // 保存字符的值
}
if (prev != '\n')
p_lines = 1;
printf("characters = %ld, words = %d, lines = %d, ", n_chars, n_words, n_lines);
printf("partial lines = %d\n", p_lines);
return 0;
}
8
/* paint.c -- 使用條件運算符 */
#include <stdio.h>
#define COVERAGE 350 // 每罐油漆可刷的面積（單位：平方英尺）
int main(void)
{
int sq_feet;
int cans;
printf("Enter number of square feet to be painted:\n");
while (scanf("%d", &sq_feet) == 1)
{
cans = sq_feet / COVERAGE;
cans += ((sq_feet % COVERAGE == 0)) ? 0 : 1;
printf("You need %d %s of paint.\n", cans,
cans == 1 ? "can" : "cans");
printf("Enter next value (q to quit):\n");
}
return 0;
}
9 skippart.c
/* skippart.c -- 使用continue跳過部分循環 */
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
const float MIN = 0.0f;
const float MAX = 100.0f;
float score;
float total = 0.0f;
int n = 0;
float min = MAX;
float max = MIN;
printf("Enter the first score (q to quit): ");
while (scanf("%f", &score) == 1)
{
if (score < MIN || score > MAX)
{
printf("%0.1f is an invalid value. Try again: ",score);
continue; // 跳轉至while循環的測試條件
}
printf("Accepting %0.1f:\n", score);
min = (score < min)? score: min;
max = (score > max)? score: max;
total += score;
n++;
printf("Enter next score (q to quit): ");
}
if (n > 0)
{
printf("Average of %d scores is %0.1f.\n", n, total / n);
printf("Low = %0.1f, high = %0.1f\n", min, max);
}
else
printf("No valid scores were entered.\n");
return 0;
}
10 break.c
/* break.c -- 使用 break 退出循環 */
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
float length, width;
printf("Enter the length of the rectangle:\n");
while (scanf("%f", &length) == 1)
{
printf("Length = %0.2f:\n", length);
printf("Enter its width:\n");
if (scanf("%f", &width) != 1)
break;
printf("Width = %0.2f:\n", width);
printf("Area = %0.2f:\n", length * width);
printf("Enter the length of the rectangle:\n");
}
printf("Done.\n");
return 0;
}
11 animals.c
/* animals.c -- 使用switch語句 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
int main(void)
{
char ch;
printf("Give me a letter of the alphabet, and I will give ");
printf("an animal name\nbeginning with that letter.\n");
printf("Please type in a letter; type # to end my act.\n");
while ((ch = getchar()) != '#')
{
if('\n' == ch)
continue;
if (islower(ch)) /* 只接受小寫字母 */
switch (ch)
{
case 'a' :
printf("argali, a wild sheep of Asia\n");
break;
case 'b' :
printf("babirusa, a wild pig of Malay\n");
break;
case 'c' :
printf("coati, racoonlike mammal\n");
break;
case 'd' :
printf("desman, aquatic, molelike critter\n");
break;
case 'e' :
printf("echidna, the spiny anteater\n");
break;
case 'f' :
printf("fisher, brownish marten\n");
break;
default :
printf("That's a stumper!\n");
} /* switch結束 */
else
printf("I recognize only lowercase letters.\n");
while (getchar() != '\n')
continue; /* 跳過輸入行的剩餘部分 */
printf("Please type another letter or a #.\n");
} /* while循環結束 */
printf("Bye!\n");
return 0;
}
12
// vowels.c -- 使用多重標籤
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char ch;
int a_ct, e_ct, i_ct, o_ct, u_ct;
a_ct = e_ct = i_ct = o_ct = u_ct = 0;
printf("Enter some text; enter # to quit.\n");
while ((ch = getchar()) != '#')
{
switch (ch)
{
case 'a' :
case 'A' : a_ct++;
break;
case 'e' :
case 'E' : e_ct++;
break;
case 'i' :
case 'I' : i_ct++;
break;
case 'o' :
case 'O' : o_ct++;
break;
case 'u' :
case 'U' : u_ct++;
break;
default : break;
} // switch結束
} // while循環結束
printf("number of vowels: A E I O U\n");
printf(" %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d\n", a_ct, e_ct, i_ct, o_ct, u_ct);
return 0;
}
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