Spring全局異常處理的三種方式

  在J2EE項目的開發中,無論是對底層的數據庫操做過程,仍是業務層的處理過程,仍是控制層的處理過程,都不可避免會遇到各類可預知的、不可預知的異常須要處理。每一個過程都單獨處理異常,系統的代碼耦合度高,工做量大且很差統一,維護的工做量也很大。 那麼,能不能將全部類型的異常處理從各處理過程解耦出來,這樣既保證了相關處理過程的功能較單一,也實現了異常信息的統一處理和維護?答案是確定的。下面將介紹使用Spring MVC統一處理異常的解決和實現過程。前端

  • 使用Spring MVC提供的SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
  • 實現Spring的異常處理接口HandlerExceptionResolver 自定義本身的異常處理器
  • 使用@ExceptionHandler註解實現異常處理

  (一) SimpleMappingExceptionResolver 
  使用這種方式具備集成簡單、有良好的擴展性、對已有代碼沒有入侵性等優勢,但該方法僅能獲取到異常信息,若在出現異常時,對須要獲取除異常之外的數據的狀況不適用。web

 1 @Configuration
 2 @EnableWebMvc
 3 @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.balbala.mvc.web"})
 4 public class WebMVCConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{
 5   @Bean
 6     public SimpleMappingExceptionResolver simpleMappingExceptionResolver()
 7     {
 8         SimpleMappingExceptionResolver b = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
 9         Properties mappings = new Properties();
10         mappings.put("org.springframework.web.servlet.PageNotFound", "page-404");
11         mappings.put("org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException", "data-access");
12         mappings.put("org.springframework.transaction.TransactionException", "transaction-Failure");
13         b.setExceptionMappings(mappings);
14         return b;
15     }
16 }

  (二) HandlerExceptionResolver
  相比第一種來講,HandlerExceptionResolver能準確顯示定義的異常處理頁面,達到了統一異常處理的目標
  1.定義一個類實現HandlerExceptionResolver接口spring

 1 public class GlobalHandlerExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {   
 2  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GlobalHandlerExceptionResolver.class);                 
 3    /**     
 4     * 在這裏處理全部得異常信息     
 5     */    
 6    @Override    
 7    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest req,                                         HttpServletResponse resp, Object o, Exception ex) {   
 8        ex.printStackTrace();     
 9        if (ex instanceof AthenaException) {    
10            //AthenaException爲一個自定義異常
11            ex.printStackTrace();         
12            printWrite(ex.toString(), resp);     
13            return new ModelAndView();  
14         }    
15        //RspMsg爲一個自定義處理異常信息的類  
16        //ResponseCode爲一個自定義錯誤碼的接口
17        RspMsg unknownException = null;      
18        if (ex instanceof NullPointerException) {        
19            unknownException = new RspMsg(ResponseCode.CODE_UNKNOWN, "業務判空異常", null);
20        } else {          
21            unknownException = new RspMsg(ResponseCode.CODE_UNKNOWN, ex.getMessage(), null);        }      
22            printWrite(unknownException.toString(), resp);   
23            return new ModelAndView();   
24    }  
25 
26    /**     
27    * 將錯誤信息添加到response中     
28    *     
29    * @param msg     
30    * @param response     
31    * @throws IOException     
32    */   
33     public static void printWrite(String msg, HttpServletResponse response) {      
34          try {           
35              PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();        
36              pw.write(msg);       
37              pw.flush();       
38              pw.close();      
39           } catch (Exception e) {          
40              e.printStackTrace();      
41           }   
42     }
43 }

  這種方式實現的異常處理,能夠針對不一樣的異常和本身定義的異常碼進行翻譯,而後輸出到response中,在前端展現。數據庫

  (三)@ExceptionHandlermvc

  1.首先定義一個父類,實現一些基礎的方法app

 1 public class BaseGlobalExceptionHandler {    
 2      protected static final Logger logger = null;   
 3      protected static final String DEFAULT_ERROR_MESSAGE = "系統忙,請稍後再試"; 
 4 
 5      protected ModelAndView handleError(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp, Exception e, String viewName, HttpStatus status) throws Exception {    
 6          if (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(e.getClass(), ResponseStatus.class) != null)       
 7          throw e;     
 8          String errorMsg = e instanceof MessageException ? e.getMessage() : DEFAULT_ERROR_MESSAGE;        
 9          String errorStack = Throwables.getStackTraceAsString(e);   
10 
11          getLogger().error("Request: {} raised {}", req.getRequestURI(), errorStack);       
12          if (Ajax.isAjax(req)) {        
13               return handleAjaxError(rsp, errorMsg, status);   
14          }        
15          return handleViewError(req.getRequestURL().toString(), errorStack, errorMsg, viewName);  
16      }   
17 
18      protected ModelAndView handleViewError(String url, String errorStack, String errorMessage, String viewName) {        
19           ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();       
20           mav.addObject("exception", errorStack);        
21           mav.addObject("url", url);     
22           mav.addObject("message", errorMessage);  
23           mav.addObject("timestamp", new Date());        
24           mav.setViewName(viewName);    
25           return mav;   
26        }    
27 
28      protected ModelAndView handleAjaxError(HttpServletResponse rsp, String errorMessage, HttpStatus status) throws IOException {        
29             rsp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");       
30             rsp.setStatus(status.value());      
31             PrintWriter writer = rsp.getWriter();
32             writer.write(errorMessage);        
33             writer.flush();        
34             return null;    
35       }    
36 
37      public Logger getLogger() {       
38            return LoggerFactory.getLogger(BaseGlobalExceptionHandler.class);
39      } 
40 }

  2.針對你須要捕捉的異常實現相對應的處理方式ide

 1 @ControllerAdvice
 2 public class GlobalExceptionHandler extends BaseGlobalExceptionHandler {    
 3 
 4       //好比404的異常就會被這個方法捕獲
 5       @ExceptionHandler(NoHandlerFoundException.class)    
 6       @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)    
 7        public ModelAndView handle404Error(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp, Exception e) throws Exception {    
 8              return handleError(req, rsp, e, "error-front", HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);    
 9        }    
10 
11       //500的異常會被這個方法捕獲
12       @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)      
13       @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR) 
14       public ModelAndView handleError(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp, Exception e) throws Exception { 
15              return handleError(req, rsp, e, "error-front", HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);  
16       }    
17 
18      //TODO  你也能夠再寫一個方法來捕獲你的自定義異常
19      //TRY NOW!!!
20 
21       @Override    
22       public Logger getLogger() {      
23             return LoggerFactory.getLogger(GlobalExceptionHandler.class);    
24       }
25 
26   }
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