linux添加新磁盤和建立分區

Linux磁盤概念及其管理工具fdisk：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-08/134664.htm 
1、 
進入linux虛擬機 右鍵 open in terminal 
su 輸入密碼切換爲root用戶 
fdisk -l 查看磁盤狀況 
個人目前只有sda一個磁盤 
添加sdb磁盤：關機，菜單欄中找到虛擬機—設置，點擊硬盤—添加，按步驟走就能夠了，啓動虛擬機，就有sdb了

2、 
雖然硬盤分區表中最多能存儲四個分區，但咱們實際使用時通常只分爲兩個分區，一個是主分區（Primary Partion）一個是擴展分區(extended partition)兩種，主分區能夠立刻被使用但不能再分區，擴展分區必須再進行分區後才能使用，也就是說它必須還要進行二次分區。那麼由擴充分區再分下去的是什麼呢？它就是邏輯分區（Logical Partion），何況邏輯分區沒有數量上限制。 對習慣於使用Dos或Windows的朋友來講，有幾個分區就有幾個驅動器，而且每一個分區都會得到一個字母標識符，而後就能夠選用這個字母來指定在這個分區上的文件和目錄，它們的文件結構都是獨立的，很是好理解。 
可是初上手Red Hat Linux嗎，可就有點惱人了。由於對Linux用戶來講不管有幾個分區，分給哪一目錄使用，它歸根結底就只有一個根目錄，一個獨立且惟一的文件結構。Red Hat Linux中每一個分區都是用來組成整個文件系統的一部分，由於它採用了一種叫「掛載點」的處理方法，它的整個文件系統中包含了一整套的文件和目錄，且將一個分區和一個目錄聯繫起來。這時要載入的一個分區將使它的存儲空間在一個目錄下得到。

一、 fdisk -l 查看磁盤狀況 

二、 下面對/dev/sdb 進行分區：

[root@localhost Desktop]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1949791c. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): m //輸入m查看幫助文檔 Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition //添加一個新的分區 o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) #fdisk選中/dev/sdb 輸入m全部基本選項都出現，輸入n新建分區 Command (m for help): n Command action e extended //擴展分區

 

三、有擴展分區和主分區，邏輯分區在擴展分區中創建。注意到括號中的1-4，最多隻能建四個主分區（包括擴展分區）。先建一個主分區：

#繼續上面的操做 Command (m for help): n Command action e extended  //擴展分區 p primary partition (1-4)  //主分區 p #輸入p建立主分區 Partition number (1-4): 1 #分區號爲1 First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): #直接回車默認從第一個柱面開始劃分 Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +2G #加空間大小，這裏有不少種選擇：+後面單位能夠接M，G，K（記得要大寫）表示劃分你所加的空間，也能夠是柱面數。無論怎樣都不能超過該磁盤剩餘的空間不然無效。 Command (m for help): p #分好後查看分區信息，剛所作的全部一目瞭然。 Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1949791c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux 

 

四、同上所述創建擴展分區：

Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) e Partition number (1-4): 4 First cylinder (263-2610, default 263): Using default value 263 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-2610, default 2610): +4G Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1949791c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 263 785 4200997+ 5 Extended 

 

五、擴展分區建好就能夠在擴展分區創建邏輯分區了

Command (m for help): n Command action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) l #建立邏輯分區 First cylinder (263-785, default 263): Using default value 263 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-785, default 785): +2G Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1949791c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 263 785 4200997+ 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 263 524 2104483+ 83 Linux

六、上面顯示已經建好一個主分區，一個邏輯分區，可是這些如今尚未生效，須要保存退出。

Command (m for help): w #保存退出 The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.

七、退出後查看：

[root@localhost Desktop]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00053377 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1949791c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 263 785 4200997+ 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 263 524 2104483+ 83 Linux 

 

八、這時須要給它設置文件系統並進行格式化。 
mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb5 
給它設置ext3的文件系統，並格式化。

[root@localhost Desktop]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb5
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 131648 inodes, 526120 blocks 26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216 17 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 7744 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (16384 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. 

 

九、在新建個目錄，mkdir /data15 ; 
用來掛載這個分區。mount /dev/sdb5 /data15 ;

[root@localhost Desktop]# mkdir /data15; [root@localhost Desktop]# mount /dev/sdb5 /data15; 

 

十、查看是否掛載成功：df -TH /data15/

[root@localhost Desktop]# df -TH /data15/
Filesystem     Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb5 ext3 2.2G 71M 2.0G 4% /data15 

 

十一、這樣就能夠正常使用了。但是重啓以後又要手動掛載怎麼辦？ 
很簡單，咱們只要配置一下就OK了。 
vim /etc/fstab 
編輯文件 將/dev/sdb5 /data15 ext3 defaults 0 0加入便可

# # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Mon Oct 24 02:05:13 2016 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=147a6e0f-8fa6-4bb5-a27a-91aaa7cf178f / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=410da4b5-ac87-43e3-ab4a-b33df31e38cf /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=d0c4ed83-d5d3-4245-af14-1434f4b3438f swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/sdb5 /data15 ext3 defaults 0 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ "/etc/fstab" 16L, 841C 

 

【o】 英文小寫字母o，在目前光標所在行的下一行處插入新的一行並開始插入 
【O】 英文大寫字母O，在目前光標所在行的上一行處插入新的一行並開始插入 
:wq保存退出

十一、查看

[root@localhost Desktop]# ls /data* /data15: lost+found 

 

重複以上操做，對sdb1進行掛載

[root@localhost Desktop]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 131648 inodes, 526120 blocks 26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216 17 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 7744 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (16384 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@localhost Desktop]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data5 [root@localhost Desktop]# df -TH /data5/ Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb1 ext3 2.2G 71M 2.0G 4% /data5 [root@localhost Desktop]# vim /etc/fstab [root@localhost Desktop]# ls /data* /data15: lost+found /data5: lost+found [root@localhost Desktop]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 18G 4.0G 13G 24% / tmpfs 491M 372K 491M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 291M 34M 242M 13% /boot /dev/sdb5 2.0G 68M 1.9G 4% /data15 /dev/sdb1 2.0G 68M 1.9G 4% /data5 

 

同上，又建立了一個邏輯分區

[root@localhost Desktop]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): n Command action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) l First cylinder (525-785, default 525): Using default value 525 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (525-785, default 785): 4G Value out of range. Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (525-785, default 785): 3G Value out of range. Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (525-785, default 785): 1G Value out of range. Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (525-785, default 785): Using default value 785 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1949791c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 263 785 4200997+ 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 263 524 2104483+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 525 785 2096451 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks. 

 

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