1、Haproxy的簡介javascript
Haproxy的官網站點:http://haproxy.com/php
HAProxy提供高可用性、負載均衡以及基於TCP和HTTP應用的代 理,支持虛擬主機,它是免費、快速而且可靠的一種解決方案。HAProxy特別適用於那些負載特大的web站點,這些站點一般又須要會話保持或七層處理。HAProxy運行在當前的硬件上,徹底能夠支持數以萬計的併發鏈接。而且它的運行模式使得它能夠很簡單安全的整合進您當前的架構中, 同時能夠保護你的web服務器不被暴露到網絡上。css
HAProxy實現了一種事件驅動, 單一進程模型,此模型支持很是大的併發鏈接數。多進程或多線程模型受內存限制 、系統調度器限制以及無處不在的鎖限制,不多能處理數千併發鏈接。事件驅動模型由於在有更好的資源和時間管理的用戶端(User-Space) 實現全部這些任務,因此沒有這些問題。此模型的弊端是,在多核系統上,這些程序一般擴展性較差。這就是爲何他們必須進行優化以 使每一個CPU時間片(Cycle)作更多的工做。html
2、Haproxy的工做模式前端
大體的意思就是:能夠分爲兩部分,java
第一部分是互聯網,包括互聯網上衆多的路由設備、Firewall等;web
第二部分是本地的網絡架構,包括Firewall,proxy、Web server,Database等redis
Haproxy的註釋Local balanceer in proxy mode -- 工做在代理模下是一個負載均衡的功能算法
經過Haproxy代理後端的Web server羣集,若是須要與數據庫交互,有Web server與Database創建鏈接。數據庫
3、Haproxy的安裝和配置說明
CentOS 6.5系統中yum源提供的Haproxy的版本爲1.5.18,在這裏咱們直接用yum安裝
一、安裝haproxy
yum install haproxy -y rpm -ql haproxy #能夠查看yum安裝Haproxy生成了哪些文件 /etc/haproxy /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg #haproxy的配置文件 /etc/logrotate.d/haproxy /etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxy #haproxy的服務腳本文件 /etc/sysconfig/haproxy /usr/bin/halog /usr/bin/iprange /usr/sbin/haproxy /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18 /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/CHANGELOG /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/LICENSE /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/README /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/acl-content-sw.cfg /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/acl.fig /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/architecture.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/close-options.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/coding-style.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/configuration.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/content-sw-sample.cfg /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/cookie-options.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/cttproxy-src.cfg /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/design-thoughts /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/design-thoughts/backends-v0.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/design-thoughts/backends.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/design-thoughts/be-fe-changes.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/design-thoughts/binding-possibilities.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/design-thoughts/buffer-redesign.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/design-thoughts/buffers.fig /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/design-thoughts/config-language.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/design-thoughts/connection-reuse.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/design-thoughts/cttproxy-changes.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/design-thoughts/entities-v2.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/design-thoughts/how-it-works.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/design-thoughts/http_load_time.url /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/design-thoughts/rate-shaping.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/design-thoughts/sess_par_sec.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/gpl.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/haproxy-en.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/haproxy-fr.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/haproxy.1 /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/haproxy.cfg /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/acl.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/body-parsing.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/buffer-operations.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/buffer-ops.fig /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/connect-status.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/connection-header.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/connection-scale.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/entities.fig /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/entities.pdf /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/entities.svg /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/entities.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/hashing.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/header-parser-speed.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/header-tree.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/http-cookies.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/http-docs.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/http-parsing.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/naming.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/pattern.dia /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/pattern.pdf /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/polling-states.fig /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/repartition-be-fe-fi.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/sequence.fig /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/stats-v2.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/stream-sock-states.fig /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/internals/todo.cttproxy /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/lgpl.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/proxy-protocol.txt /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/queuing.fig /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/tarpit.cfg /usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.5.18/url-switching.cfg /usr/share/haproxy /usr/share/haproxy/400.http #400錯誤的狀態碼頁面 /usr/share/haproxy/403.http #403錯誤的狀態碼頁面 /usr/share/haproxy/408.http #408錯誤的狀態碼頁面 /usr/share/haproxy/500.http #500錯誤的狀態碼頁面 /usr/share/haproxy/502.http #502錯誤的狀態碼頁面 /usr/share/haproxy/503.http #503錯誤的狀態碼頁面 /usr/share/haproxy/504.http #504錯誤的狀態碼頁面 /usr/share/haproxy/README /usr/share/man/man1/halog.1.gz #能夠直接使用man halog查看命令的使用語法 /usr/share/man/man1/haproxy.1.gz #能夠直接使用man haproxy查看命令的使用語法 /var/lib/haproxy
二、haproxy的配置文件說明
# cd /etc/haproxy/ # cp haproxy.cfg haproxy.cfg.bak # vim haproxy.cfg ********************************************************************** #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Example configuration for a possible web application. See the # full configuration options online. # # http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt # #--------------------------------------------------------------------- #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Global settings #--------------------------------------------------------------------- global #全局配置文件 # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will # need to: #配置日誌 # # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done # by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in # /etc/sysconfig/syslog #修改syslog配置文件 # # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log # file. A line like the following can be added to # /etc/sysconfig/syslog #定義日誌設備 # # local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log # log 127.0.0.1 local2 #日誌配置,全部的日誌都記錄本地,經過local2輸出 chroot /var/lib/haproxy #改變haproxy的工做目錄 pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid #指定pid文件的路徑 maxconn 4000 #最大鏈接數的設定 user haproxy #指定運行服務的用戶 group haproxy #指定運行服務的用戶組 daemon # turn on stats unix socket stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will # use if not designated in their block #--------------------------------------------------------------------- defaults mode http #默認使用協議,能夠爲{http|tcp|health} http:是七層協議 tcp:是四層 health:只返回OK log global #全局日誌記錄 option httplog #詳細記錄http日誌 option dontlognull #不記錄空日誌 option http-server-close #啓用http-server-close option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 #來自這些信息的都不forwardfor option redispatch #從新分發,ServerID對應的服務器宕機後,強制定向到其餘運行正常的服務器 retries 3 #3次鏈接失敗則認爲服務不可用 timeout http-request 10s #默認http請求超時時間 timeout queue 1m #默認隊列超時時間 timeout connect 10s #默認鏈接超時時間 timeout client 1m #默認客戶端超時時間 timeout server 1m #默認服務器超時時間 timeout http-keep-alive 10s #默認持久鏈接超時時間 timeout check 10s #默認檢查時間間隔 maxconn 3000 #最大鏈接數 #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # main frontend which proxys to the backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- frontend main *:5000 #定義ACL規則以如".html"結尾的文件;-i:忽略大小寫 acl url_static path_beg -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js use_backend static if url_static #調用後端服務器並檢查ACL規則是否被匹配 default_backend app #客戶端訪問時默認調用後端服務器地址池 #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend static #定義後端服務器 balance roundrobin #定義算法;基於權重進行輪詢 server static 127.0.0.1:4331 check check:啓動對後端server的健康狀態檢測 #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # round robin balancing between the various backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend app balance roundrobin server app1 127.0.0.1:5001 check server app2 127.0.0.1:5002 check server app3 127.0.0.1:5003 check server app4 127.0.0.1:5004 check
三、haproxy的命令詳解
# haproxy -h HA-Proxy version 1.5.18 2016/05/10 Copyright 2000-2016 Willy Tarreau <willy@haproxy.org> Usage : haproxy [-f <cfgfile>]* [ -vdVD ] [ -n <maxconn> ] [ -N <maxpconn> ] [ -p <pidfile> ] [ -m <max megs> ] [ -C <dir> ] -v displays version ; -vv shows known build options. -d enters debug mode ; -db only disables background mode. -dM[<byte>] poisons memory with <byte> (defaults to 0x50) -V enters verbose mode (disables quiet mode) -D goes daemon ; -C changes to <dir> before loading files. -q quiet mode : don't display messages -c check mode : only check config files and exit -n sets the maximum total # of connections (2000) -m limits the usable amount of memory (in MB) -N sets the default, per-proxy maximum # of connections (2000) -L set local peer name (default to hostname) -p writes pids of all children to this file -de disables epoll() usage even when available -dp disables poll() usage even when available -dS disables splice usage (broken on old kernels) -dV disables SSL verify on servers side -sf/-st [pid ]* finishes/terminates old pids. Must be last arguments.
四、配置Haproxy的日誌
默認狀況下,Haproxy沒有啓用日誌文件,可是咱們能夠根據haproxy的配置文件作修改。 (1)修改系統日誌的配置文件 # vim /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-c 2 -r" (2)增長日誌設備 # vim /etc/rsyslog.conf local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log (3)重啓一下日誌服務 # /etc/init.d/rsyslog restart 關閉系統日誌記錄器: [肯定] 啓動系統日誌記錄器: [肯定] (4)查看日誌記錄信息 # tail -f /var/log/haproxy.log
4、Haproxy負載均衡web
一、一個配置示例:
Haproxy-Server:10.10.172.195
Apache1-Client:10.10.172.196
Apache2-Client:10.10.172.197
********************************************************************** #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Global settings #--------------------------------------------------------------------- global # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will # need to: # # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done # by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log # file. A line like the following can be added to # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log # log 127.0.0.1 local2 chroot /var/lib/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid maxconn 4000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon defaults mode http log global option httplog option dontlognull option http-server-close option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 option redispatch retries 3 timeout http-request 10s timeout queue 1m timeout connect 10s timeout client 1m timeout server 1m timeout http-keep-alive 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 30000 listen stats mode http bind 0.0.0.0:8080 stats enable stats hide-version stats uri /haproxyadmin?stats stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics stats auth admin:123456 stats admin if TRUE frontend http-in bind *:80 mode http log global option httpclose option logasap option dontlognull capture request header Host len 20 capture request header Referer len 60 default_backend servers frontend healthcheck bind :1099 mode http option httpclose option forwardfor default_backend servers backend servers balance roundrobin server websrv1 10.10.172.196:80 check maxconn 2000 server websrv2 10.10.172.197:80 check maxconn 2000 **********************************************************************
二、啓動Haproxy服務
# service haproxy start Starting haproxy: [ OK ] # chkconfig haproxy on
三、瀏覽器訪問
單獨訪問Apache1:10.10.172.196
單獨訪問Apache2:10.10.172.197
屢次刷新訪問Haproxy:10.10.172.195
屢次刷新Haproxy的website,會切換到後端不一樣的webserver主機上。
5、Haproxy的狀態監控
一、Haproxy的監控頁面
listen stats #關聯前端和後端定義一個完整的代理 mode http #設置代理協議 bind 0.0.0.0:8080 #綁定相應的端口 stats enable #開啓Haproxy統計狀態 stats refresh 3s #統計頁面自動刷新時間間隔 stats hide-version #隱藏代理服務器版本 stats uri /haproxyadmin?stats #訪問的url stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics #統計頁面認證時提示內容信息 stats auth admin:123456 #設置登陸用戶和密碼 stats admin if TRUE #若是認證經過,則就能夠打開stats
二、訪問監控頁面
(1)登錄監控頁面
admin/123456
(2)查看監控頁面
(3)模擬一下故障
# service httpd stop Stopping httpd: [ OK ]
(4)在次查看監控頁面
6、Haproxy的動靜分離
haproxy動靜分離的配置
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Global settings #--------------------------------------------------------------------- global # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will # need to: # # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done # by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log # file. A line like the following can be added to # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log # log 127.0.0.1 local2 chroot /var/lib/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid maxconn 4000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon defaults mode http log global option httplog option dontlognull option http-server-close option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 option redispatch retries 3 timeout http-request 10s timeout queue 1m timeout connect 10s timeout client 1m timeout server 1m timeout http-keep-alive 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 30000 listen stats mode http bind 0.0.0.0:1080 stats enable stats hide-version stats uri /haproxyadmin?stats stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics stats auth admin:123456 stats admin if TRUE frontend http-in bind *:80 mode http log global option httpclose option logasap option dontlognull capture request header Host len 20 capture request header Referer len 60 acl url_static path_end -i .html .jpg .gif acl url_dynamic path_end -i .php default_backend servers use_backend lnmmp if url_dynamic backend servers balance roundrobin server websrv1 10.10.172.196:80 check rise 2 fall 1 weight 2 maxconn 2000 server websrv2 10.10.172.197:80 check rise 2 fall 1 weight 2 maxconn 2000 backend lnmmp balance source server websrv3 10.10.172.198:80 check rise 2 fall 1 maxconn 2000
動靜分離實現的需求:
訪問index.html頁面,由Apache1,、Apache2輪詢顯示;訪問index.php頁面,有LNMP或者LAMP服務器顯示,