關於dnsmasq的使用配置和文檔翻譯

時間 2019-11-10

原文原文鏈接

dnsmasq是什麼我就不說了，請自行百度。php

目前我須要使用的用途是：
1.dhcp（分配一個或者多個內網ip地址）
2.dns（鎖定解析，改變解析指向和dns緩存）
3.簡便，一次知足dhcp和dns 2個功能
備註：
dhcp是用udp 67端口的，dns是用tcp/udp 53端口的，有iptables的請自行處理html

如何安裝：
由於他方便小巧，性價比高，因此我yum了
yum install dnsmasqnode

如何啓動關閉重啓linux

service dnsmasq stop
Shutting down dnsmasq: [ OK ]
service dhcrelay start
Starting dhcrelay: [OK]ios

如何查看日誌
tail -f /var/log/messagesweb

目前我用到的配置，請各位參考對號入座：windows

resolv-file=/etc/resolv.dnsmasq.conf
server=/testdns.com/172.16.0.1
address=/www.test.com/192.168.0.12
interface=p3p1
listen-address=127.0.0.1,172.16.0.1
bind-interfaces
addn-hosts=/etc/dnsmasq.host
dhcp-range=172.16.0.30,172.16.1.254,255.255.128.0,30m
dhcp-host=B8:EE:65:D2:F9:B4,fred,172.16.1.139
dhcp-option=3,172.16.0.1
dhcp-option=19,0           # option ip-forwarding off
dhcp-option=44,0.0.0.0     # set netbios-over-TCP/IP nameserver(s) aka WINS server(s)
dhcp-option=45,0.0.0.0     # netbios datagram distribution server
dhcp-option=46,8           # netbios node type
dhcp-lease-max=500
dhcp-leasefile=/var/lib/dnsmasq/dnsmasq.leases
cache-size=1000
dhcp-option=252,"\n"

詳細配置翻譯在這裏：緩存

Configuration file for dnsmasq.服務器

Format is one option per line, legal options are the same
as the long options legal on the command line. See
"/usr/sbin/dnsmasq --help" or "man 8 dnsmasq" for details.網絡

The following two options make you a better netizen, since they
tell dnsmasq to filter out queries which the public DNS cannot
answer, and which load the servers (especially the root servers)
uneccessarily. If you have a dial-on-demand link they also stop
these requests from bringing up the link uneccessarily.

Never forward plain names (without a dot or domain part)
不轉發無格式的域名（沒有.的或者只有一部分的殘缺域名）【不經常使用】
domain-needed
Never forward addresses in the non-routed address spaces.
在未發送的地址空間內不轉發域名地址，根據上下文信息，個人理解是在不通的網絡環境下不作轉發【不經常使用】
bogus-priv

Uncomment this to filter useless windows-originated DNS requests
which can trigger dial-on-demand links needlessly.
Note that (amongst other things) this blocks all SRV requests,
so don't use it if you use eg Kerberos, SIP, XMMP or Google-talk.
This option only affects forwarding, SRV records originating for
dnsmasq (via srv-host= lines) are not suppressed by it.
這是跟ad相關的東西，微軟的特殊請求包，若是要使用kerberos，sip，xmmp gtlak那些就須要打開配置【不經常使用】
引用信息：http://www.cnblogs.com/zhuangxuqiang/archive/2009/04/28/1445113.html
filterwin2k

Change this line if you want dns to get its upstream servers from
somewhere other that /etc/resolv.conf
這個是頗有用的東西，由於你要作自定義dns控制的話，最好單獨獨立一份dns服務器地址清單，系統默認的/etc/resolv.conf是會變化的，尤爲是新版本的linux系統會跟隨網卡配置變化或者其餘網絡管理套件變化，爲了可靠性，單獨獨立一份出來管理，因此須要打開這個配置
resolv-file=

By default, dnsmasq will send queries to any of the upstream
servers it knows about and tries to favour servers to are known
to be up. Uncommenting this forces dnsmasq to try each query
with each server strictly in the order they appear in
/etc/resolv.conf
強制按照resolv.conf的dns服務器順序來進行解析，可能會有時候上游dns服務器的不穩定，可能a.dns服務器最近解析很慢，b.dns服務器最近解析很快，那麼調整一下順序，先走a再到b，你能夠找到一個穩定的dns服務器使用順序，這樣也可使用這個配置來優化一下，通常狀況不必【不經常使用】
strict-order

If you don't want dnsmasq to read /etc/resolv.conf or any other
file, getting its servers from this file instead (see below), then
uncomment this.
不使用/etc/resolv.conf來進行上游dns服務器解析，這裏跟上面的resolv-file配置配合使用，打開了這個配置而後指定一個新的resolv-file
no-resolv

If you don't want dnsmasq to poll /etc/resolv.conf or other resolv
files for changes and re-read them then uncomment this.
這個是是否輪訓dns解析，例如a.dns解析不了去b.dns而後b.dns不行了又去a.dns【不經常使用】
no-poll

Add other name servers here, with domain specs if they are for
non-public domains.
配置內網其餘dns服務器的域名解析，通常來講用dnsmasq的環境不是複雜環境，因此不須要那麼多【不經常使用】
server=/localnet/192.168.0.1

Example of routing PTR queries to nameservers: this will send all
address->name queries for 192.168.3/24 to nameserver 10.1.2.3
反向解析記錄，通常用於郵件系統，正向解析就是從域名到ip這樣解析，反向就是從ip到域名【不經常使用】
server=/3.168.192.in-addr.arpa/10.1.2.3

Add local-only domains here, queries in these domains are answered
from /etc/hosts or DHCP only.
設置本機使用域名，或許一些必定要用本機域名的程序要用，但不常見【不經常使用】
local=/localnet/

Add domains which you want to force to an IP address here.
The example below send any host in doubleclick.net to a local
webserver.
這個是好傢伙，強制解析，相似寫host的效果，這樣能夠作域名綁定，避免被dns污染，也支持泛解析*號，如今世界都很危險，仍是要保留心裏的一絲純潔的
address=/doubleclick.net/127.0.0.1

--address (and --server) work with IPv6 addresses too.
上面配置的增強版，支持ipv6
address=/www.thekelleys.org.uk/fe80::20d:60ff:fe36:f83

You can control how dnsmasq talks to a server: this forces
queries to 10.1.2.3 to be routed via eth1
控制某臺dns的解析請求從某個網卡出去【不經常使用】
--server=10.1.2.3@eth1

and this sets the source (ie local) address used to talk to
10.1.2.3 to 192.168.1.1 port 55 (there must be a interface with that
IP on the machine, obviously).
指定一個源地址去訪問某個目標地址的某個端口，有點相似iptables的forward，實現原理不太懂，但這個會有用途的，例如強制門戶，作中轉，內網會較經常使用，簡單的重定向，跟address做用相似
--server=10.1.2.3@192.168.1.155

If you want dnsmasq to change uid and gid to something other
than the default, edit the following lines.
簡單易懂就不說了
user=
group=

If you want dnsmasq to listen for DHCP and DNS requests only on
specified interfaces (and the loopback) give the name of the
interface (eg eth0) here.
Repeat the line for more than one interface.
指定監聽某個接口，例如某張網卡，
interface=
Or you can specify which interface not to listen on
指定排除監聽某個接口
except-interface=
Or which to listen on by address (remember to include 127.0.0.1 if
you use this.)
這個是重要選項，監聽地址，要寫上ip地址加上127.0.0.1，由於IP地址是給你的client機用的，127.0.0.1是給dnsmasq用的，爲何呢，是由於你要作dns緩存，要訪問本身便是本機，格式就是ip,127.0.0.1
listen-address=
If you want dnsmasq to provide only DNS service on an interface,
configure it as shown above, and then use the following line to
disable DHCP on it.
只提供dns服務，不提供dhcp服務，這個是由於一個內網是不可能有多臺dhcp服務器的，多個dhcp會致使dhcp廣播混亂，可能會形成的影響就是我分到了一個ip卻上不了網，由於分給你ip的dhcp服務器是給上內網用的。
no-dhcp-interface=

On systems which support it, dnsmasq binds the wildcard address,
even when it is listening on only some interfaces. It then discards
requests that it shouldn't reply to. This has the advantage of
working even when interfaces come and go and change address. If you
want dnsmasq to really bind only the interfaces it is listening on,
uncomment this option. About the only time you may need this is when
running another nameserver on the same machine.
綁定了網卡以後會保證dnsmasq不去騷擾其餘網卡，保證請求不亂髮，通常跟interface一塊兒使用
bind-interfaces

If you don't want dnsmasq to read /etc/hosts, uncomment the
following line.
是否使用hosts，若是你在上面的都指定好了固定的解析，如server=/localnet/192.168.0.1 那麼能夠只使用這個解析，不用hosts，不過嘛，hosts方便一點，並且hosts能夠在dns掛了的狀況下剩下，雖然只是本機服務器生效，仍是建議用hosts的，只要整理好解析和hosts的列表就行了
no-hosts
or if you want it to read another file, as well as /etc/hosts, use
this.
使用另一個文件代替hosts，這樣就能夠不騷擾本機的host 從而保證服務器固有host不被影響，也能夠給dnsmasq使用特別的hosts
addn-hosts=/etc/banner_add_hosts

Set this (and domain: see below) if you want to have a domain
automatically added to simple names in a hosts-file.
自動給hosts的域名增長一個簡單的名字，搭配下面的domain用的，【不經常使用】
expand-hosts

Set the domain for dnsmasq. this is optional, but if it is set, it
does the following things.
1) Allows DHCP hosts to have fully qualified domain names, as long
as the domain part matches this setting.
2) Sets the "domain" DHCP option thereby potentially setting the
domain of all systems configured by DHCP
3) Provides the domain part for "expand-hosts"
給dhcp服務器賦予一個域名，我的感受不須要
domain=thekelleys.org.uk

Set a different domain for a particular subnet
給一個dhcp子域一個域名，蛋疼了，還沒想到爲嘛要這樣作，dhcp只是一個分配ip的叔叔，不過在ad服務器之類的環境是須要dns後綴的，由於ad須要客戶端的域名來找到主機
domain=wireless.thekelleys.org.uk,192.168.2.0/24

Same idea, but range rather then subnet
雷同。
domain=reserved.thekelleys.org.uk,192.68.3.100,192.168.3.200

Uncomment this to enable the integrated DHCP server, you need
to supply the range of addresses available for lease and optionally
a lease time. If you have more than one network, you will need to
repeat this for each network on which you want to supply DHCP
service.
這個是重要的東西，設置dhcp的ip發配range，就是你的dhcp服務器分配多少個ip出來，ip的範圍從哪裏到哪裏，默認是c類網段，因此簡略了掩碼，後面增長一個租約時間，dhcp分配的ip是有租約的，租約過了是須要回收的。
dhcp-range=192.168.0.50,192.168.0.150,12h

This is an example of a DHCP range where the netmask is given. This
is needed for networks we reach the dnsmasq DHCP server via a relay
agent. If you don't know what a DHCP relay agent is, you probably
don't need to worry about this.
這就是標準語法，分配c類網段，12h租約，支持多個subnet，多行寫就好了，不過須要注意的是多個網段是須要dhcp中繼的，dhcp中繼請自行百度，大概就是獨立一個網卡，監聽dhcp的御用67 udp和tcp端口，鏈接主dhcp服務器
dhcp-range=192.168.0.50,192.168.0.150,255.255.255.0,12h

This is an example of a DHCP range with a network-id, so that
some DHCP options may be set only for this network.
能夠在分配ip的時候授予這些ip一個名字，也能夠叫作network-id，用來識別這個標誌是屬於這些ip的，用途在下面會說到。但這屬於高級功能，還不必定全部client設備都可以支持，因此瞭解一下按需使用就行了。
dhcp-range=red,192.168.0.50,192.168.0.150

Supply parameters for specified hosts using DHCP. There are lots
of valid alternatives, so we will give examples of each. Note that
IP addresses DO NOT have to be in the range given above, they just
need to be on the same network. The order of the parameters in these
do not matter, it's permissble to give name,adddress and MAC in any order

Always allocate the host with ethernet address 11:22:33:44:55:66
The IP address 192.168.0.60
綁定網卡地址對應ip地址，用的是host的方式，相似在hosts文件寫一個host name 對應一個ip，因此這個不是arp綁定，要區分。
dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,192.168.0.60

Always set the name of the host with hardware address
11:22:33:44:55:66 to be "fred"
綁定mac地址對應一個host name ，我我的以爲綁定mac對應ip就足夠了，綁定對應名字比較少見
dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,fred

Always give the host with ethernet address 11:22:33:44:55:66
the name fred and IP address 192.168.0.60 and lease time 45 minutes
這個是組合版，綁定某個mac對應fred名字，而後加上一個ip分配，並設置租約，這個只能說是靈活配置的參考，沒啥實際意義
dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,fred,192.168.0.60,45m

Give a host with ethernet address 11:22:33:44:55:66 or
12:34:56:78:90:12 the IP address 192.168.0.60. Dnsmasq will assume
that these two ethernet interfaces will never be in use at the same
time, and give the IP address to the second, even if it is already
in use by the first. Useful for laptops with wired and wireless
addresses.
綁定一個ip對應多mac地址，用途場景存在於實驗室和無線網絡，我想，只是爲了讓2塊網卡用同一個ip這樣單純而純潔的需求而已【不經常使用】
dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,12:34:56:78:90:12,192.168.0.60

Give the machine which says its name is "bert" IP address
192.168.0.70 and an infinite lease
綁定名字對應ip，而且給了一個新參數，無限租約
dhcp-host=bert,192.168.0.70,infinite

Always give the host with client identifier 01:02:02:04
the IP address 192.168.0.60
給予一個特殊標識符對應ip，用途不明
dhcp-host=id:01:02:02:04,192.168.0.60

Always give the host with client identifier "marjorie"
the IP address 192.168.0.60
跟上一條相似，只是標識符還支持普通字符字串
dhcp-host=id:marjorie,192.168.0.60

Enable the address given for "judge" in /etc/hosts
to be given to a machine presenting the name "judge" when
it asks for a DHCP lease.
用hosts文件的名字來分配ip【不經常使用】
dhcp-host=judge

Never offer DHCP service to a machine whose ethernet
address is 11:22:33:44:55:66
使用忽略參數，遇到某個mac網卡的時候不分配ip
dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,ignore

Ignore any client-id presented by the machine with ethernet
address 11:22:33:44:55:66. This is useful to prevent a machine
being treated differently when running under different OS's or
between PXE boot and OS boot.
關於pxe的不描述了
dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,id:*

Send extra options which are tagged as "red" to
the machine with ethernet address 11:22:33:44:55:66
dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,net:red

Send extra options which are tagged as "red" to
any machine with ethernet address starting 11:22:33:
dhcp-host=11:22:33:::*,net:red

Ignore any clients which are specified in dhcp-host lines
or /etc/ethers. Equivalent to ISC "deny unkown-clients".
This relies on the special "known" tag which is set when
a host is matched.
dhcp-ignore=known

Send extra options which are tagged as "red" to any machine whose
DHCP vendorclass string includes the substring "Linux"
dhcp-vendorclass=red,Linux

Send extra options which are tagged as "red" to any machine one
of whose DHCP userclass strings includes the substring "accounts"
dhcp-userclass=red,accounts

Send extra options which are tagged as "red" to any machine whose
MAC address matches the pattern.
dhcp-mac=red,00:60:8C:::*

If this line is uncommented, dnsmasq will read /etc/ethers and act
on the ethernet-address/IP pairs found there just as if they had
been given as --dhcp-host options. Useful if you keep
MAC-address/host mappings there for other purposes.
使用額外的文件代替主配置文件來處理dhcp-host的匹配，這個主要爲了方便管理，將全部須要用到的dhcp-host配置都搬進去
read-ethers

Send options to hosts which ask for a DHCP lease.
See RFC 2132 for details of available options.
Common options can be given to dnsmasq by name:
run "dnsmasq --help dhcp" to get a list.
Note that all the common settings, such as netmask and
broadcast address, DNS server and default route, are given
sane defaults by dnsmasq. You very likely will not need
any dhcp-options. If you use Windows clients and Samba, there
are some options which are recommended, they are detailed at the
end of this section.

Override the default route supplied by dnsmasq, which assumes the
router is the same machine as the one running dnsmasq.
設置默認網關，這是指dhcp下發ip後，client的ip獲取到的網關信息，頗有用，還能夠作多種靜態路由，3表明默認網關，後面跟ip或者子網
dhcp-option=3,1.2.3.4

Do the same thing, but using the option name
或者能夠直接寫關鍵字router也是表明靜態網關
dhcp-option=option:router,1.2.3.4

Override the default route supplied by dnsmasq and send no default
route at all. Note that this only works for the options sent by
default (1, 3, 6, 12, 28) the same line will send a zero-length option
for all other option numbers.
dhcp-option=3

Set the NTP time server addresses to 192.168.0.4 and 10.10.0.5
設置ntp服務器，不知道怎麼驗證，暫時不用
dhcp-option=option:ntp-server,192.168.0.4,10.10.0.5

Set the NTP time server address to be the same machine as
is running dnsmasq
dhcp-option=42,0.0.0.0

Set the NIS domain name to "welly"
dhcp-option=40,welly

Set the default time-to-live to 50
TTL如今通常都是指路由跳數了，50足夠了。
dhcp-option=23,50

Set the "all subnets are local" flag
dhcp-option=27,1

Send the etherboot magic flag and then etherboot options (a string).
dhcp-option=128,e4:45:74:68:00:00
dhcp-option=129,NIC=eepro100

Specify an option which will only be sent to the "red" network
(see dhcp-range for the declaration of the "red" network)
Note that the net: part must precede the option: part.
dhcp-option = net:red, option:ntp-server, 192.168.1.1

The following DHCP options set up dnsmasq in the same way as is specified
for the ISC dhcpcd in
http://www.samba.org/samba/ftp/docs/textdocs/DHCP-Server-Configuration.txt
adapted for a typical dnsmasq installation where the host running
dnsmasq is also the host running samba.
you may want to uncomment some or all of them if you use
Windows clients and Samba.
用windows做爲client端要把這個帶上，這樣會快一點獲取ip
dhcp-option=19,0 option ip-forwarding off
dhcp-option=44,0.0.0.0 set netbios-over-TCP/IP nameserver(s) aka WINS server(s)
dhcp-option=45,0.0.0.0 netbios datagram distribution server
dhcp-option=46,8 netbios node type

Send RFC-3397 DNS domain search DHCP option. WARNING: Your DHCP client
probably doesn't support this......
dhcp-option=option:domain-search,eng.apple.com,marketing.apple.com

Send RFC-3442 classless static routes (note the netmask encoding)
dhcp-option=121,192.168.1.0/24,1.2.3.4,10.0.0.0/8,5.6.7.8

Send vendor-class specific options encapsulated in DHCP option 43.
The meaning of the options is defined by the vendor-class so
options are sent only when the client supplied vendor class
matches the class given here. (A substring match is OK, so "MSFT"
matches "MSFT" and "MSFT 5.0"). This example sets the
mtftp address to 0.0.0.0 for PXEClients.
dhcp-option=vendor:PXEClient,1,0.0.0.0

Send microsoft-specific option to tell windows to release the DHCP lease
when it shuts down. Note the "i" flag, to tell dnsmasq to send the
value as a four-byte integer - that's what microsoft wants. See
http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsServer/en/library/a70f1bb7-d2d4-49f0-96d6-4b7414ecfaae1033.mspx?mfr=true
dhcp-option=vendor:MSFT,2,1i

Send the Encapsulated-vendor-class ID needed by some configurations of
Etherboot to allow is to recognise the DHCP server.
dhcp-option=vendor:Etherboot,60,"Etherboot"

Send options to PXELinux. Note that we need to send the options even
though they don't appear in the parameter request list, so we need
to use dhcp-option-force here.
See http://syslinux.zytor.com/pxe.phpspecial for details.
Magic number - needed before anything else is recognised
dhcp-option-force=208,f1:00:74:7e
Configuration file name
dhcp-option-force=209,configs/common
Path prefix
dhcp-option-force=210,/tftpboot/pxelinux/files/
Reboot time. (Note 'i' to send 32-bit value)
dhcp-option-force=211,30i

Set the boot filename for netboot/PXE. You will only need
this is you want to boot machines over the network and you will need
a TFTP server; either dnsmasq's built in TFTP server or an
external one. (See below for how to enable the TFTP server.)
dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0

Boot for Etherboot gPXE. The idea is to send two different
filenames, the first loads gPXE, and the second tells gPXE what to
load. The dhcp-match sets the gpxe tag for requests from gPXE.
dhcp-match=gpxe,175 gPXE sends a 175 option.
dhcp-boot=net:gpxe,undionly.kpxe
dhcp-boot=mybootimage

Encapsulated options for Etherboot gPXE. All the options are
encapsulated within option 175
dhcp-option=encap:175, 1, 5b priority code
dhcp-option=encap:175, 176, 1b no-proxydhcp
dhcp-option=encap:175, 177, string bus-id
dhcp-option=encap:175, 189, 1b BIOS drive code
dhcp-option=encap:175, 190, user iSCSI username
dhcp-option=encap:175, 191, pass iSCSI password

Test for the architecture of a netboot client. PXE clients are
supposed to send their architecture as option 93. (See RFC 4578)
dhcp-match=peecees, option:client-arch, 0 x86-32
dhcp-match=itanics, option:client-arch, 2 IA64
dhcp-match=hammers, option:client-arch, 6 x86-64
dhcp-match=mactels, option:client-arch, 7 EFI x86-64

Do real PXE, rather than just booting a single file, this is an
alternative to dhcp-boot.
pxe-prompt="What system shall I netboot?"
or with timeout before first available action is taken:
pxe-prompt="Press F8 for menu.", 60

Available boot services. for PXE.
pxe-service=x86PC, "Boot from local disk", 0

Loads /pxelinux.0 from dnsmasq TFTP server.
pxe-service=x86PC, "Install Linux", pxelinux

Loads /pxelinux.0 from TFTP server at 1.2.3.4.
Beware this fails on old PXE ROMS.
pxe-service=x86PC, "Install Linux", pxelinux, 1.2.3.4

Use bootserver on network, found my multicast or broadcast.
pxe-service=x86PC, "Install windows from RIS server", 1

Use bootserver at a known IP address.
pxe-service=x86PC, "Install windows from RIS server", 1, 1.2.3.4

If you have multicast-FTP available,
information for that can be passed in a similar way using options 1
to 5. See page 19 of
http://download.intel.com/design/archives/wfm/downloads/pxespec.pdf

Enable dnsmasq's built-in TFTP server
enable-tftp

Set the root directory for files availble via FTP.
tftp-root=/var/ftpd

Make the TFTP server more secure: with this set, only files owned by
the user dnsmasq is running as will be send over the net.
tftp-secure

Set the boot file name only when the "red" tag is set.
dhcp-boot=net:red,pxelinux.red-net

An example of dhcp-boot with an external TFTP server: the name and IP
address of the server are given after the filename.
Can fail with old PXE ROMS. Overridden by --pxe-service.
dhcp-boot=/var/ftpd/pxelinux.0,boothost,192.168.0.3

Set the limit on DHCP leases, the default is 150
根據配置的subnet來配置這個值，這個就是dhcp分配的ip池
dhcp-lease-max=150

The DHCP server needs somewhere on disk to keep its lease database.
This defaults to a sane location, but if you want to change it, use
the line below.
查看dhcp的log
dhcp-leasefile=/var/lib/dnsmasq/dnsmasq.leases

Set the DHCP server to authoritative mode. In this mode it will barge in
and take over the lease for any client which broadcasts on the network,
whether it has a record of the lease or not. This avoids long timeouts
when a machine wakes up on a new network. DO NOT enable this if there's
the slighest chance that you might end up accidentally configuring a DHCP
server for your campus/company accidentally. The ISC server uses
the same option, and this URL provides more information:
http://www.isc.org/index.pl?/sw/dhcp/authoritative.php
dhcp-authoritative

Run an executable when a DHCP lease is created or destroyed.
The arguments sent to the script are "add" or "del",
then the MAC address, the IP address and finally the hostname
if there is one.
dhcp-script=/bin/echo

Set the cachesize here.
配置dns緩存池的大小，默認150，嘛設置個1000也無所謂
cache-size=150

If you want to disable negative caching, uncomment this.
no-negcache

Normally responses which come form /etc/hosts and the DHCP lease
file have Time-To-Live set as zero, which conventionally means
do not cache further. If you are happy to trade lower load on the
server for potentially stale date, you can set a time-to-live (in
seconds) here.
local-ttl=

If you want dnsmasq to detect attempts by Verisign to send queries
to unregistered .com and .net hosts to its sitefinder service and
have dnsmasq instead return the correct NXDOMAIN response, uncomment
this line. You can add similar lines to do the same for other
registries which have implemented wildcard A records.
防止dns污染，極端狀況下，綁定nxdomain有助於幫助咱們減小或者避免dns解析被污染。詳情自行google查詢。
bogus-nxdomain=64.94.110.11

If you want to fix up DNS results from upstream servers, use the
alias option. This only works for IPv4.
This alias makes a result of 1.2.3.4 appear as 5.6.7.8
alias=1.2.3.4,5.6.7.8
and this maps 1.2.3.x to 5.6.7.x
alias=1.2.3.0,5.6.7.0,255.255.255.0
and this maps 192.168.0.10->192.168.0.40 to 10.0.0.10->10.0.0.40
alias=192.168.0.10-192.168.0.40,10.0.0.0,255.255.255.0

Change these lines if you want dnsmasq to serve MX records.

Return an MX record named "maildomain.com" with target
servermachine.com and preference 50
mx-host=maildomain.com,servermachine.com,50

Set the default target for MX records created using the localmx option.
mx-target=servermachine.com

Return an MX record pointing to the mx-target for all local
machines.
localmx

Return an MX record pointing to itself for all local machines.
selfmx

Change the following lines if you want dnsmasq to serve SRV
records. These are useful if you want to serve ldap requests for
Active Directory and other windows-originated DNS requests.
See RFC 2782.
You may add multiple srv-host lines.
The fields are , , , ,
If the domain part if missing from the name (so that is just has the
service and protocol sections) then the domain given by the domain=
config option is used. (Note that expand-hosts does not need to be
set for this to work.)

A SRV record sending LDAP for the example.com domain to
ldapserver.example.com port 289
srv-host=_ldap._tcp.example.com,ldapserver.example.com,389

A SRV record sending LDAP for the example.com domain to
ldapserver.example.com port 289 (using domain=)
domain=example.com
srv-host=_ldap._tcp,ldapserver.example.com,389

Two SRV records for LDAP, each with different priorities
srv-host=_ldap._tcp.example.com,ldapserver.example.com,389,1
srv-host=_ldap._tcp.example.com,ldapserver.example.com,389,2

A SRV record indicating that there is no LDAP server for the domain
example.com
srv-host=_ldap._tcp.example.com

The following line shows how to make dnsmasq serve an arbitrary PTR
record. This is useful for DNS-SD. (Note that the
domain-name expansion done for SRV records _does_not
occur for PTR records.)
ptr-record=_http._tcp.dns-sd-services,"New Employee Page._http._tcp.dns-sd-services"

Change the following lines to enable dnsmasq to serve TXT records.
These are used for things like SPF and zeroconf. (Note that the
domain-name expansion done for SRV records _does_not
occur for TXT records.)

Example SPF.
txt-record=example.com,"v=spf1 a -all"

Example zeroconf
txt-record=_http._tcp.example.com,name=value,paper=A4

Provide an alias for a "local" DNS name. Note that this only works
for targets which are names from DHCP or /etc/hosts. Give host
"bert" another name, bertrand
cname=bertand,bert

For debugging purposes, log each DNS query as it passes through
dnsmasq.
打開dns 的log
log-queries

Log lots of extra information about DHCP transactions.
打開dhcp log
log-dhcp

Include a another lot of configuration options.
conf-file=/etc/dnsmasq.more.conf
conf-dir=/etc/dnsmasq.d