scarpy_流程

scrapy 中間鍵

review

1.
    pip install wheel
    pip install twisted
    pip install pywin32
    pip install scrapy

2.
    scrapy startproject ProName
    cd ProName
    scrapy genspider projectName www.xxx.com


3.
   目錄結構:
   spider: 放置一個爬蟲文件
   item:
        xxx = Filed()

   pipeline:
        - process_item():
        - open_spider():
        - close_spider():

    setting: 配置文件

4.爬蟲文件
    - name:
    - start_urls:
    - parse(self,response):
    - xpath():列表元素Selector對象.extract()
    - 持久化存儲:
        -終端指令: 只可將parse方法的返回值進行本地文件的持久化存儲
            - scrapy crawl xxx -o ./xxx.csv

        - 管道:
            1. 數據解析
            2. 將解析到的數據封裝到item類型的對象
            3. 經過yield向管道提交item對象
            4. 在管道的process_item 方法中執行io操做,進行持久化配置
            5. 在配置文件中開啓管道
            注意: process_item 方法中返回值的做業:
        - 手動請求的發送:
            - yield scrapy.Request(url,callback)

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
import random
from scrapy import signals


class MiddleproSpiderMiddleware(object):
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):
        # Called for each response that goes through the spider
        # middleware and into the spider.

        # Should return None or raise an exception.
        return None

    def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
        # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
        # it has processed the response.

        # Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects.
        for i in result:
            yield i

    def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
        # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
        # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.

        # Should return either None or an iterable of Response, dict
        # or Item objects.
        pass

    def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):
        # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
        # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
        # that it doesn’t have a response associated.

        # Must return only requests (not items).
        for r in start_requests:
            yield r

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)


class MiddleproDownloaderMiddleware(object):
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    user_agent_list = [
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 "
        "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
    ]

    # 可選備用的代理IP
    PROXY_http = [
        '153.180.102.104:80',
        '195.208.131.189:56055',
    ]
    PROXY_https = [
        '120.83.49.90:9000',
        '95.189.112.214:35508',
    ]

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    # 攔截全部未發生異常的請求
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        # Called for each request that goes through the downloader
        # middleware.

        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this request
        # - or return a Response object
        # - or return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of
        #   installed downloader middleware will be called

        # 使用UA池進行請求的UA假裝
        print('this is process_request')
        request.headers['User_Agent'] = random.choice(self.user_agent_list)
        print('User_Agent', request.headers['User_Agent'])

        # #使用代理池進行請求代理ip的設置
        # if request.url.split(':')[0] == 'http':
        #     request.meta['proxy'] = random.choice(self.PROXY_http)
        # else:
        #     request.meta['proxy'] = random.choice(self.PROXY_https)
        return None

    # 攔截全部的響應
    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
        # Called with the response returned from the downloader.

        # Must either;
        # - return a Response object
        # - return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest
        return response

    #   攔截到產生異常的請求
    def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
        # Called when a download handler or a process_request()
        # (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.

        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this exception
        # - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain
        # - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain

        print('this is process_exception')
        if request.url.split(':')[0]:
            request.meta['proxy'] = random.choice(self.PROXY_http)

        else:
            request.meta['proxy'] = random.choice(self.PROXY_https)



    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

爬取電影網

https://www.4567tv.tv/frim/index1.html

movie_pro.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from movie.items import MovieItem


class MoveProSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'movie_pro'
    # allowed_domains = ['www.xxx.com']
    start_urls = ['https://www.4567tv.tv/frim/index1.html']

    # 解析詳情頁面的數據
    def parse_detail(self, response):
        # response,meta 返回接受到的meta 字典
        item = response.meta['item']
        actor = response.xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div/div[2]/p[3]/a/text()').extract_first()
        item['actor'] = actor

        yield item

    def parse(self, response):
        li_list = response.xpath('//li[@class="col-md-6 col-sm-4 col-xs-3"]')
        for li in li_list:
            item = MovieItem()
            name = li.xpath('./div/a/@title').extract_first()
            detail_url = 'https://www.4567tv.tv' + li.xpath('./div/a/@href').extract_first()
            item['name'] = name

            # meta 參數: 請求傳參,meta字典會傳遞給回調函數的response參數
            yield scrapy.Request(url=detail_url, callback=self.parse_detail, meta={'item': item})

網易

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

from scrapy import signals
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse
from time import sleep

class WangyiproSpiderMiddleware(object):
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):
        # Called for each response that goes through the spider
        # middleware and into the spider.

        # Should return None or raise an exception.
        return None

    def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
        # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
        # it has processed the response.

        # Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects.
        for i in result:
            yield i

    def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
        # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
        # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.

        # Should return either None or an iterable of Response, dict
        # or Item objects.
        pass

    def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):
        # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
        # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
        # that it doesn’t have a response associated.

        # Must return only requests (not items).
        for r in start_requests:
            yield r

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)


class WangyiproDownloaderMiddleware(object):
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        # Called for each request that goes through the downloader
        # middleware.

        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this request
        # - or return a Response object
        # - or return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of
        #   installed downloader middleware will be called
        return None

    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
        # Called with the response returned from the downloader.

        # Must either;
        # - return a Response object
        # - return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest
        # 如何獲取動態加載出來的數據
        bro = spider.bro
        bro.get(url=request.url)
        sleep(3)
        # 包含了動態加載出來的新聞數據
        page_text = bro.page_source
        sleep(3)
        return HtmlResponse(url=spider.bro.current_url, body=page_text, encoding='utf-8', request=request)
    def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
        # Called when a download handler or a process_request()
        # (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.

        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this exception
        # - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain
        # - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain
        pass

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

wangyi.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from selenium import webdriver


"""
    在scrapy中使用selenium的編碼流程:
    1.在spider的構造方法中建立一個瀏覽器對象(做爲當前spider的一個屬性)
    2.重寫spider的一個方法closed(self,spider),在該方法中執行瀏覽器關閉的操做
    3.在下載中間鍵得process_response方法中,經過spider參數獲取瀏覽器對象
    4.在中間鍵得process_response定製基於瀏覽器自動化的操做代碼(獲取動態加載出來的頁面源碼數據)
    5.實例化一個響應對象,且將page_source返回的頁面源碼封裝到該對象中
    6.返回該新的響應對象
"""


class WangyiSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'wangyi'
    # allowed_domains = ['www.example.com']
    start_urls = ['http://war.163.com/']

    def __init__(self):
        self.bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\爬蟲+數據\day_03_爬蟲\chromedriver.exe')

    def parse(self, response):
        div_list = response.xpath('//div[@class="data_row news_article clearfix "]')
        for div in div_list:
            title = div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_title"]/h3/a/text()').extract_first()
            print(title)

    def closed(self, spider):
        print('關閉瀏覽器對象!')
        self.bro.quit()