C#和C++混合編程

調用簡單的C++函數

要在C#代碼中調用C++函數,大致的思路是這樣的:首先將C++函數寫成DLL形式的庫,而後在C#中導入DLL中的函數進行調用。具體的代碼相似這樣:
C++代碼:數組

int StaticElementNumber = 10;
  extern "C" AFX_API_EXPORT int GetArrayElementNumber()
 {
         return StaticElementNumber;
 }

C#代碼:
(導入函數部分,寫在調用函數所在類中)函數

[DllImport("MFCDll.dll")]
public static extern int GetArrayElementNumber();
int ElementNumber = GetArrayElementNumber();

s其中的細節,好比int和char等數據類型在C++和C#中佔用的空間不一樣等等CLR會自動處理。(主要是經過Marshal類自動處理)spa

這樣的調用還支持調試。打開C#工程的Properties,在Debug選項卡中勾選Enable unmanaged code debugging便可啓用C++代碼調試。這樣在調試模式下,調用這個函數時能夠繼續按F11跟進函數內部進行調試。debug

傳遞GDI對象

一些複雜的Windows對象能夠經過句柄來傳送。好比下面的代碼就將一個GDI+ Bitmap對象轉換成GDI句柄進行傳送。
C++代碼(GDI+的聲明,引用等等省略):調試

extern "C" AFX_API_EXPORT HBITMAP GetABitmap(WCHAR *strFileName)
 {
          Gdiplus::GdiplusStartupInput gdiplusStartupInput;
          ULONG_PTR           gdiplusToken;
          GdiplusStartup(&gdiplusToken, &gdiplusStartupInput, NULL);
          Bitmap *bitmap = Bitmap::FromFile(strFileName);
          HBITMAP HBitmapToReturn;
          bitmap->GetHBITMAP(NULL, &HBitmapToReturn);
          GdiplusShutdown(gdiplusToken); 
 
         return HBitmapToReturn;
 }

C#代碼(用戶界面採用WPF,略去相關聲明和引用):code

[DllImport("MFCDll.dll")]
   public static extern IntPtr GetABitmap([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string strFileName);
  
   private void MenuItemFileOpenOnClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
  {
      OpenFileDialog dialog = new OpenFileDialog();
      dialog.Title = "Load an image...";
      dialog.Multiselect = false;
      if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true)
     {
         mainGrid.Children.Clear(); 
 
         IntPtr hBitmap = GetABitmap(dialog.FileName);
         Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.FromHbitmap(hBitmap);
         System.Windows.Controls.Image image = new Windows.Controls.Image();
         image.Source = Windows.Interop.Imaging.CreateBitmapSourceFromHBitmap(hBitmap, ro, Int32Rect.Empty,
         Windows.Media.Imaging.BitmapSizeOptions.FromEmptyOptions());
         image.Stretch = System.Windows.Media.Stretch.Fill;
         DeleteObject(hBitmap);
         mainGrid.Children.Add(image);
     }
 }

傳遞數組對象

傳遞定長數組很簡單,此處不述。下面的代碼實現變長數組的傳遞:
C++代碼:ip

int StaticElementNumber = 10;
  extern "C" AFX_API_EXPORT bool GetArray(int ElementNumber, double *BaseAddress)
  {
      if (ElementNumber < StaticElementNumber)
      {
          return false;
      } 
  
      for (int i = 0; i < StaticElementNumber; ++i)
     {
         BaseAddress[i] = 1 / ((double)i + 1);
     } 
 
     return true;
 } 
 
 extern "C" AFX_API_EXPORT int GetArrayElementNumber()
 {
     return StaticElementNumber;
 }

C#代碼:string

[DllImport("MFCDll.dll")]
  public static extern bool GetArray(int ElementNumber, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray, SizeParamIndex = 0)] double[] BaseAddress);
  
  private void MenuItemFileGetArrayOnClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
  {
      //Get array data.
      int ElementNumber = GetArrayElementNumber();
      double[] doubleArray = new double[ElementNumber];
      GetArray(ElementNumber, doubleArray); 
 
     //Show the data.
     mainGrid.Children.Clear();
     ListBox listBox = new ListBox();
     foreach (double number in doubleArray)
     {
         listBox.Items.Add(number);
     }
     mainGrid.Children.Add(listBox);
 }
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