"""
內置函數的簡單使用和介紹
參考連接:https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html
"""
1.
abs() # 絕對值
"""
n = abs(-10) print (n) # 10
"""
2.
all() # 全爲真,輸出Ture , 則輸出Flase
any() # 只要有真,輸出Ture,則輸出Flase
0,None,"",[],(),{} # False
"""
n1 = all([1,2,3,[],None]) print (n1) # False n2 = any([1,0,"",[]]) print (n2) # True
"""
3.
ascii()
自動執行對象的__repr__方法
"""
class Foo: def __repr__(self): return "444" n = ascii(Foo()) print (n) # 444
"""
4.
bin() # 將十進制轉爲二進制 0b 表示二進制
oct() # 將十進制轉爲八進制 0o 表示八進制
hex() # 將十進制轉爲十六進制 0x 表示十六進制
"""
print (bin(5)) print (oct(9)) print (hex(27)) # 0b101 # 0o11 # 0x1b
"""
5.
bool() 布爾值
0,None,"",[],(),{} 表示False
"""
"""
6.
bytes()
utf8 編碼,一個漢字3個字節
gbk 編碼,一個漢字2個字節
一個字節 == 8位
str()
字節轉化爲字符串
"""
# 將字符串轉換爲字節類型,系統中的表現形式爲16進制 # bytes(字符串,編碼格式) s = "中國" n3 = bytes(s,encoding="utf-8") print (n3) # b'\xe4\xb8\xad\xe5\x9b\xbd' n4 = bytes(s,encoding="gbk") print (n4) # b'\xd6\xd0\xb9\xfa' n5 = str(b'\xd6\xd0\xb9\xfa',encoding="gbk") print (n5) # 中國 n6 = str(b'\xe4\xb8\xad\xe5\x9b\xbd',encoding="utf-8") print (n6) # 中國
"""
7.
callable()
檢測傳遞的值是否能夠調用
"""
def f1(): pass f1() f2 = 123 print (callable(f1)) # True print (callable(f2)) # False
"""
8.
chr()
ord()
輸出 ASCII的對應關係,chr()輸出十進制位置的字符,ord()輸出字符在ASCii表的位置
"""
print (chr(65)) # A print (ord("A")) # 65 # 實例1:生成6位數隨機密碼,純字母 # import random # li = [] # for i in range(6): # temp = chr(random.randrange(65,91)) # li.append(temp) # print (li) # result = "".join(li) # print (result) # 實例2:生成8位數隨機密碼,帶數字,字母 import random li = [] for i in range(8): r = random.randrange(0,6) # 讓生成數字的位置隨機 if r == 2 or r == 5: num = random.randrange(0,10) li.append(str(num)) else: temp = random.randrange(65,91) c = chr(temp) li.append(c) result = "".join(li) print (result) # 3E4JVHF8
"""
9.
compile() # 編譯,將字符串編譯成python代碼
eval() # 執行表達式,而且獲取結果
exec() # 執行python代碼
注:eval有返回值,exec沒返回值
python hello.py 過程:
1.讀取文件內容open,str 到內存
2.python,把字符串 -> 編譯 -> 特殊代碼
3.執行代碼
"""
s = "print('hello,python~')" r = compile(s,"<string>","exec") exec (r) # hello,python~ ss = "8*8+5" print (eval(ss)) # 69
"""
10.
dir()
help()
快速獲取模塊,對象提供的功能
"""
print (dir(tuple)) print (help(tuple))
"""
11.
divmod()
獲得商和餘數
"""
n1,n2 = divmod(96,10) print (n1,n2) # 9 6
"""
12.
isinstance()
用於判斷,對象是不是某個類的實例
"""
s1 = "hello" r = isinstance(s1,str) print (r) # True r1 = isinstance(s1,list) print (r1) # Flase
"""
13.
filter() # 函數返回值爲Ture,將元素添加結果中
# filter 循環第二個參數,讓每一個循環元素執行函數,若是函數返回值爲Ture,表示函數合法
map() # 將函數返回值添加結果中
# (函數,可迭代的對象(能夠for循環))
"""
# 示例1 def f1(args): result = [] for item in args: if item > 22: result.append(item) return result li = [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88] ret = f1(li) print (ret) # [33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88] # 優化示例1 def f2(a): if a > 22: return True ls1 = [11,22,33,44,55,66,77] res1 = filter(f2,ls1) print(list(res1)) # [33, 44, 55, 66, 77] # 知識擴展,lambda 函數 res2 = filter(lambda x:x > 22,ls1) print (res2) # 返回一個filter object # <filter object at 0x000000E275771748> print (list(res2)) # [33, 44, 55, 66, 77] # 示例2 def f1(args): result = [] for i in args: result.append(i + 100) return result lst1 = [11,22,33,44,55,66] rest = f1(lst1) print (list(rest)) # [111, 122, 133, 144, 155, 166] # 優化示例2,,,map函數 def f2(a): return a + 100 lst2 = [11,22,33,44,55,66] result1 = map(f2,lst2) print (list(result1)) # [111, 122, 133, 144, 155, 166] # 優化示例2,map函數+lambda函數 lst3 = [11,22,33,44,55,66] result2 = map(lambda a:a+100,lst3) print (list(result2)) # [111, 122, 133, 144, 155, 166]
"""
14.
globals() # 全部的全局變量
locals() # 全部的局部變量
"""
name = "python" def show(): a = 123 b = 456 print (locals()) print (globals()) show() # {'a': 123, 'b': 456} # {'result': '3VZ8B1V0', 'res1': <filter object at 0x000000ECFE24B5C0>, 'lst3': [11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66], '__package__': None, 'f2': <function f2 at 0x000000ECFFCB9268>, 'ss': '8*8+5', 'n2': 6, 'n3': b'\xe4\xb8\xad\xe5\x9b\xbd', 'temp': 86, 's1': 'hello', 'n': '444', 'name': 'python', 'i': 7, 'rest': [111, 122, 133, 144, 155, 166], '__spec__': None, 'lst1': [11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66], 'r1': False, 'num': 0, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, 'n6': '中國', 'random': <module 'random' from 'C:\\Users\\xieshengsen\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python35\\lib\\random.py'>, 's': "print('hello,python~')", '__file__': 'D:/PycharmProjects/高級自動化/模塊學習/內置函數_v1.py', 'f1': <function f1 at 0x000000ECFFCBF510>, 'result2': <map object at 0x000000ECFE25EC88>, 'show': <function show at 0x000000ECFFCBF2F0>, 'ret': [33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88], '__cached__': None, 'li': [11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88], '__doc__': '\n內置函數的簡單使用和介紹\n參考連接:https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html\n', 'c': 'V', 'result1': <map object at 0x000000ECFE260D30>, 'Foo': <class '__main__.Foo'>, 'n1': 9, 'n5': '中國', 'r': True, '__loader__': <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x000000ECFDFEA898>, 'ls1': [11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77], 'lst2': [11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66], 'res2': <filter object at 0x000000ECFE24B4A8>, 'n4': b'\xd6\xd0\xb9\xfa', '__name__': '__main__'}
"""
15.
hash()
生成一個hash值(字符串)
"""
has = "python" print (hash(has)) # 839578881833832098
"""
16.
len()
輸出對象的長度
"""
print(len("python")) # 6 print (len("長城")) # python3, python2 輸出長度爲6 (python3按字符,python2按字節) # 2
"""
17.
max() # 最大值
min() # 最小值
sun() # 求和
"""
lit = [11,22,33,44,55] print (max(lit)) print (min(lit)) print (sum(lit)) # 55 # 11 # 165
"""
18.
pow()
求指數
"""
print(pow(2,10)) # 1024
"""
19.
reverse()
反轉
"""
lit1 = [11,22,33,44,55,66] print (list(reversed(lit1))) # [66, 55, 44, 33, 22, 11]
"""
20.
round()
四捨五入求值
"""
print (round(1.4)) print (round(1.8)) # 1 # 2
"""
21.
sorted()
排序 等同於列表的sort
"""
lit2 = [12,32,1,3,4,34,11,5] print (list(sorted(lit2))) # [1, 3, 4, 5, 11, 12, 32, 34] lit2.sort() print (lit2) # [1, 3, 4, 5, 11, 12, 32, 34]
"""
22.
zip()
"""
l1 = ["hello",11,22,33] l2 = ["world",44,55,66] l3 = ["python",77,88,99] l4 = zip(l1,l2,l3) # print (list(l4)) # # [('hello', 'world', 'python'), (11, 44, 77), (22, 55, 88), (33, 66, 99)] temp1 = list(l4)[0] print (temp1[0]) ret1 = " ".join(temp1) print (ret1) # hello world python