Linux下掛載新硬盤

一.Linux的硬盤識別

2.6 kernel之後,linux會將識別到的硬件設備,在/dev/下創建相應的設備文件.如:

sda 表示第1塊SCSI硬盤.

hda 表示第1塊IDE硬盤(即鏈接在第1個IDE接口的Master口上).

scd0 表示第1個USB光驅.

當添加了新硬盤後,在/dev目錄下會有相應的設備文件產生.cciss的硬盤是個例外,它的

設備文件在/dev/cciss/目錄下.通常使用」fdisk -l」命令能夠列出系統中當前鏈接的硬盤

設備和分區信息.新硬盤沒有分區信息,則只顯示硬盤大小信息.

二.在linux系統中添加新硬盤

下面說明一下,在GTES 11上,添加一塊10G硬盤到第一個IDE口的Slave接口上.

安裝好硬盤後,開機進入Turbolinux.以root身份登陸.

執行fdisk -l命令顯示當前系統的硬盤設備.

[root@g11-64-1 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/hda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/hda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux

/dev/hda2 14 89 610470 82 Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/hda3 90 2610 20249932+ 83 Linux

Disk /dev/hdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/hdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

[root@g11-64-1 ~]#

顯示hdb沒有分區信息,大小爲10G.

使用fdisk命令對hdb進行分區.

[root@g11-64-1 ~]# fdisk /dev/hdb

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,

until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous

content won't be recoverable.

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

輸入: n 表示新建分區.

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

輸入: p 表示創建一個原始分區.

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

輸入: 1 表示此分區編號爲1.

First cylinder (1-1305, default 1):

輸入: 回車 表示使用默認起始柱面號.若是要分多個區的話，先盤算好要多大，再輸入數字

Using default value 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305):

輸入: 回車 表示使用默認結束柱面號.即此分區使用整個硬盤空間.

Using default value 1305

Command (m for help): w

輸入: w 存盤,退出fdisk.

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

再使用fdisk -l命令查看分區狀況.

[root@g11-64-1 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/hda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/hda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux

/dev/hda2 14 89 610470 82 Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/hda3 90 2610 20249932+ 83 Linux

Disk /dev/hdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/hdb1 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux

顯示/dev/hdb上有一個hdb1分區,爲linux格式.

分區後,須要對這個分區進行格式化.

[root@g11-64-1 ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/hdb1

mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

1310720 inodes, 2620595 blocks

131029 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560

80 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16384 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

將新建分區掛在到/mnt/hdb1上.

[root@g11-64-1 ~]# mkdir /mnt/hdb1

[root@g11-64-1 ~]# mount /dev/hdb1 /mnt/hdb1

[root@g11-64-1 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/hda3 19G 8.2G 9.7G 46% /

/dev/hda1 99M 16M 79M 17% /boot

tmpfs 250M 0 250M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/hdb1 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /mnt/hdb1

[root@g11-64-1 ~]#

hdb1已掛載到/mnt/hdb1上,剩餘空間爲9.2G.

在此分區上建立文件.

[root@g11-64-1 ~]# cd /mnt/hdb1

[root@g11-64-1 hdb1]# ls > a

[root@g11-64-1 hdb1]# ls -hl

total 20K

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 Nov 3 08:45 a

drwx------ 2 root root 16K Nov 3 08:44 lost+found

[root@g11-64-1 hdb1]#

卸載hdb1分區.

[root@g11-64-1 hdb1]# cd

[root@g11-64-1 ~]# umount /mnt/hdb1

[root@g11-64-1 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/hda3 19G 8.2G 9.7G 46% /

/dev/hda1 99M 16M 79M 17% /boot

tmpfs 250M 0 250M 0% /dev/shm

[root@g11-64-1 ~]#

三.設置新硬盤開機自動掛載

在/etc/fstab中添加新硬盤的掛載信息.添加下面一行:

/dev/hdb1 /mnt/hdb1 ext3 defaults 1 2（若是還有一個分區就是1 3，以此類推)

這樣,每次開機後,系統會自動將/dev/hdb1掛載到/mnt/hdb1上.