源碼MySQL5.7.20 安裝

時間  2019-12-05
標籤 源碼 mysql5.7.20 mysql 安裝 欄目 MySQL 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

mySQL （關係型數據庫管理系統）

MySQL是一個關係型數據庫管理系統，由瑞典MySQL AB 公司開發，
    目前屬於 Oracle 旗下產品。MySQL 是最流行的關係型數據庫管理系統之一，
    在 WEB 應用方面，MySQL是最好的 RDBMS (Relational Database 
    Management System，關係數據庫管理系統) 應用軟件。

系統環境

開始安裝

  1. 解壓,編譯安裝cmakevim

    **須要先安裝gcc編譯軟件**
   yum install gcc gcc-c++ -y
   tar -zxvf cmake-3.8.2.tar.gz
   cd cmake-3.8.2
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cmake-3.8.2
   make && make install
   PATH=/usr/local/cmake-3.8.2/bin/:$PATH ##加入PATH變量

  2. 解壓，編譯安裝MySQLcentos

    **安裝MySQL依賴文件**
   yum install ncurses-devel -y 
   **雲盤裏有boost_1_59_0.tar.bz2文件下載解壓便可**
   tar -jxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local/boost_1_59_0 
   **解壓編譯MySQL**       
   tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.20.tar.gz
   cd mysql-5.7.20
   **建立cmake編譯腳本**
   cat >>cmake.sh<<EOF
    cmake \
   -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.20 \ ##mysql程序編譯路徑
   -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
   -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
   -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
   -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
   -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost_1_59_0/ 
   EOF 
   chmod +x cmake.sh    
   sh cmake.sh
   **編譯須要很長時間，儘可能內存，和CPU給大一點。**
   make -j4 && make install
   這個時候就去喝茶吧，大約須要40分鐘左右，根據電腦速度快慢決定

修改/etc/my.cnf

  1. 編輯 /etc/my.cnf 文件api

    vim /etc/my.cnf
   [mysqld]
   datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.20/data/
   socket=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.20/data/mysql.sock
   # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent         assorted security risks
   symbolic-links=0
   # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
   # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
   # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
   # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

   #[mysqld_safe]
   #log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
   #pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

   #
   # include all files from the config directory
   #
   #!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
   [mysql]
   socket=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.20/data/mysql.sock
   **保存退出**

配置MySQL

  1. 建立mysql用戶bash

    useradd mysql -u 27 -s /sbin/nologin
    groupmod -g 27 mysql
    **查看用戶是否建立成功**
    id mysql     
    uid=27(mysql) gid=27(mysql) 組=27(mysql)

  2. 進入MySQL安裝目錄

    cd /usr/local/mysql-5.7.20/
    mkdir data ## **建立mysql庫文件夾**

  3. 更改mysql-5.7.20全部者 所屬組爲mysql

    chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql-5.7.20
    chmod 2755 /usr/local/mysql-5.7.20

  4. 初始化以前先移除/eyc/my.cnf文件不然會有報錯

    mv /etc/my.cnf{,.bak}

  5. 初始化MySQL庫文件

    cd /usr/local/mysql-5.7.20/   
       ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
       2017-11-21T08:22:43.169383Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
       2017-11-21T08:22:44.688218Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
       2017-11-21T08:22:45.065788Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
       2017-11-21T08:22:45.091960Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 26963eb6-ce95-11e7-a692-005056309a18.
       2017-11-21T08:22:45.093539Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
       2017-11-21T08:22:45.094792Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: f,AWeEh_%8Il ##mysql 初始密碼。

  6. 啓動MySQL進程

    ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

設置開機啓動

cp /usr/local/mysql-5.7.20/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
    service mysqld restart
       Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
       Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
    chkconfig mysqld on

安裝MySQLclient

  1. 解壓mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

    tar -xvf mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar -C /mysql

  2. 建立mysql yum源。

cd /mysql
    createrepo . ##生成repo索引
    vim /etc/yum.repo.d/mysql.repo
    [mysql]
    name='mysql'
    baseurl=file:///mysql
    enbaled=1
    gpgcheck=0

  1. 安裝MySQL client 客戶端

    yum install mysql-community-client
   
   總下載量：24 M
   安裝大小：106 M
   Downloading packages:
   Running transaction check
   Running transaction test
   Transaction test succeeded
   Running transaction
     正在安裝    : mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                     1/1
     驗證中      : mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                     1/1
   
   已安裝:
     mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7
   
   完畢！

  2. 鏈接MySQL-service

    **將剛纔更改的/etc/my.cnf.bak 恢復過來**
   mv /etc/my.cnf.bak /etc/my.cnf
   **鏈接測試**
   mysql -uroot -p‘f,AWeEh_%8Il’## 剛纔MySQL初始數據庫隨機成成的密碼
           mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
   Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
   Your MySQL connection id is 5
   Server version: 5.7.20 Source distribution
   
   Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   
   Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
   affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
   owners.
   
   Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
   
   mysql>

  3. 更改初始密碼

    mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('newpasswd');

一些常見錯誤

cmake 錯誤0：

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.19]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
    > -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
    > -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
    > -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock \
    > -DEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
    > -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
    > -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
    > -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
    > -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
    > -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 \
    > -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/src/boost_1_59_0
    -- Running cmake version 2.8.11
    -- Could NOT find Git (missing: GIT_EXECUTABLE)
    -- Configuring with MAX_INDEXES = 64U
    -- The C compiler identification is unknown
    -- The CXX compiler identification is unknown
    CMake Error: your C compiler: "CMAKE_C_COMPILER-NOTFOUND" was not found. Please set CMAKE_C_COMPILER to a valid compiler path or name.
    CMake Error: your CXX compiler: "CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER-NOTFOUND" was not found. Please set CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER to a valid compiler path or
    name.
    -- CMAKE_GENERATOR: Unix Makefiles
    CMake Error at cmake/os/Linux.cmake:41 (MESSAGE):
    Unsupported compiler!
    Call Stack (most recent call first):
    CMakeLists.txt:169 (INCLUDE)
    -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
    [root@localhost mysql-5.7.19]# gcc
    bash: gcc: 未找到命令...                    
    **報錯緣由：沒安裝gcc**

cmake 報錯1：

[root@CentOS73-1 mysql-5.7.19]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/
    var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -DEFAULT_CHA
    RSET=utf8 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -
    DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/loca
    l/src/boost_1_59_0
    -- Running cmake version 2.8.12.2
    -- Could NOT find Git (missing: GIT_EXECUTABLE)
    -- Configuring with MAX_INDEXES = 64U
    -- The CXX compiler identification is unknown
    CMake Error: your CXX compiler: "CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER-NOTFOUND" was not found. Please set CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER to a valid compiler path or
    name.
    -- CMAKE_GENERATOR: Unix Makefiles
    -- SIZEOF_VOIDP 8
    -- MySQL 5.7.19
    -- Packaging as: mysql-5.7.19-Linux-x86_64
    -- Local boost dir /usr/local/src/boost_1_59_0
    -- Found /usr/local/src/boost_1_59_0/boost/version.hpp
    -- BOOST_VERSION_NUMBER is #define BOOST_VERSION 105900
    -- BOOST_INCLUDE_DIR /usr/local/src/boost_1_59_0
    -- NUMA library missing or required version not available
    -- Could NOT find Curses (missing: CURSES_LIBRARY CURSES_INCLUDE_PATH)
    CMake Error at cmake/readline.cmake:64 (MESSAGE):
    Curses library not found. Please install appropriate package,
    remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is libncurses5-dev, on Redhat and derivates it is ncursesdevel.
    Call Stack (most recent call first):
    cmake/readline.cmake:107 (FIND_CURSES)
    cmake/readline.cmake:197 (MYSQL_USE_BUNDLED_EDITLINE)
    CMakeLists.txt:519 (MYSQL_CHECK_EDITLINE)
    -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
    See also "/usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.19/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
    See also "/usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.19/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".
       **報錯緣由：沒安裝 ncurses-devel**

cmake報錯2：

CMake Error: Internal CMake error, TryCompile configure of cmake failed
    -- Performing Test HAVE_NO_BUILTIN_MEMCMP - Failed
    CMake Warning at cmake/bison.cmake:20 (MESSAGE):
    Bison executable not found in PATH
    Call Stack (most recent call first):
    sql/CMakeLists.txt:548 (INCLUDE)
    CMake Warning at cmake/bison.cmake:20 (MESSAGE):
    Bison executable not found in PATH
    Call Stack (most recent call first):
    libmysqld/CMakeLists.txt:187 (INCLUDE)
    -- Library mysqlserver depends on OSLIBS -lpthread;m;rt;crypt;dl
    -- INSTALL mysqlclient.pc lib/pkgconfig
    -- Skipping deb packaging on unsupported platform .
    -- CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE: RelWithDebInfo
    -- COMPILE_DEFINITIONS: _GNU_SOURCE;_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64;HAVE_CONFIG_H;HAVE_LIBEVENT1
    -- CMAKE_C_FLAGS: -Wall -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wvla -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    -- CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS:
    -- CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS:
    -- CMAKE_CXX_LINK_FLAGS:
    -- CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO: -O3 -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -DDBUG_OFF
    -- CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO: -DDBUG_OFF
    -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
    See also "/usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.19/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
    See also "/usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.19/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".
    報錯緣由：沒有安裝gcc-c++

make 出錯 1：

[root@CentOS73-1 mysql-5.7.19]# make -j4
    [ 0%] Built target zlib
    [ 0%] Built target INFO_BIN
    [ 0%] Built target INFO_SRC
    [ 1%] Built target yassl
    [ 3%] Built target taocrypt
    [ 5%] Built target edit
    [ 7%] Built target strings
    [ 8%] Built target mysqlservices
    Linking C static library liblz4_lib.a
    [ 8%] Built target gen_lex_hash
    [ 8%] Built target vio
    [ 8%] [ 9%] Built target lz4_lib
    Built target regex
    [ 9%] Built target comp_sql
    [ 9%] Built target abi_check
   [ 9%] [ 10%] [ 10%] Building CXX object rapid/plugin/group_replication/CMakeFiles/gr_unit_test_resource.dir/src/member_info.cc.o 
    Built target event
    Scanning dependencies of target protobuf-lite
    Built target GenLiteProtos
    Scanning dependencies of target protobuf
    Scanning dependencies of target protoclib
    [ 10%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protobuf-lite.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/stubs/
    atomicops_internals_x86_gcc.cc.o
    In file included from /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.19/rapid/plugin/group_replication/include/plugin_server_include.h:38:0,
    from /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.19/rapid/plugin/group_replication/include/plugin_psi.h:19,
    from /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.19/rapid/plugin/group_replication/src/member_info.cc:17:
    /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.19/include/my_atomic.h:64:4: error: #error Native atomics support not found!
    # error Native atomics support not found!
    ^
    [ 10%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.cc.o
    [ 10%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protobuf.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.cc.o
    [ 10%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protobuf-lite.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/stubs/
    atomicops_internals_x86_msvc.cc.o
    make[2]: *** [rapid/plugin/group_replication/CMakeFiles/gr_unit_test_resource.dir/src/member_info.cc.o] Error 1
    make[1]: *** [rapid/plugin/group_replication/CMakeFiles/gr_unit_test_resource.dir/all] Error 2
    make[1]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
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    [ 13%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.cc.o
    [ 13%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.cc.o
    [ 13%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.cc.o
    [ 13%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.cc.o
    [ 13%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.cc.o
    [ 13%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.cc.o
    [ 13%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.cc.o
    [ 13%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator.cc.o
    [ 13%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/
    java_generator_factory.cc.o
    [ 13%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.cc.o
    [ 13%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/
    java_lazy_message_field.cc.o
    [ 14%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.cc.o
    [ 14%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.cc.o
    [ 14%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.cc.o
    [ 14%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/
    java_primitive_field.cc.o
    [ 14%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/
    java_shared_code_generator.cc.o
    [ 14%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.cc.o    
      [ 14%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.cc.o
    [ 14%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.cc.o
    [ 14%] Building CXX object extra/protobuf/CMakeFiles/protoclib.dir/protobuf-2.6.1/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.cc.o
    Linking CXX static library libprotoclib.a
    [ 14%] Built target protoclib
    make: *** [all] Error 2
    **報錯緣由：cmake 版本過低**

編譯安裝 cmake :

[root@CentOS73-1 cmake-3.9.1]# ./configure
    [root@CentOS73-1 cmake-3.9.1]# make
    [root@CentOS73-1 cmake-3.9.1]# make install
    [root@CentOS73-1 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.19/
    [root@CentOS73-1 mysql-5.7.19]# rm -rf CMakeCache.txt
    退出終端，重進
    從新 cmake , make ,make install
    cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
    -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
    -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
    -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock \
    -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
    -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
    -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
    -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
    -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
    -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/src/boost_1_59_0

make 出錯 2：

[ 78%] Building CXX object rapid/plugin/x/CMakeFiles/mysqlx.dir/generated/protobuf_lite/mysqlx_resultset.pb.cc.o
    [ 78%] Building CXX object libmysqld/CMakeFiles/sql_embedded.dir/__/sql/item_geofunc_buffer.cc.o
    [ 78%] Building CXX object libmysqld/CMakeFiles/sql_embedded.dir/__/sql/item_geofunc_internal.cc.o
    [ 78%] Linking CXX shared module mysqlx.so
    [ 79%] Built target mysqlx
    [ 79%] Building CXX object libmysqld/CMakeFiles/sql_embedded.dir/__/sql/item_geofunc_relchecks.cc.o
    c++: internal compiler error: Killed (program cc1plus)
    Please submit a full bug report,
    with preprocessed source if appropriate.
    See <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla> for instructions. 
    make[2]: *** [libmysqld/CMakeFiles/sql_embedded.dir/__/sql/item_geofunc.cc.o] Error 4
    make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
    make[1]: *** [libmysqld/CMakeFiles/sql_embedded.dir/all] Error 2
    make: *** [all] Error 2
    **錯誤緣由：內存不不夠 make -j4 啓動 4 個gcc 進程耗費內存過⼤大**

[實踐發現]在編譯mysql5.7.12時在編譯⼀一半時出現錯誤，實際上是郵於阿⾥裏里vps內存不不⾜足所致使。

背景：⽤用阿⾥裏里雲編譯mysql5.7.12時在編譯⼀一半時出現錯誤，以下：
    [ 50%] Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/item_cmpfunc.cc.o
    [ 50%] Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/item_create.cc.o
    [ 50%] Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/item_func.cc.o
    [ 50%] Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/item_geofunc.cc.o
    c++: 編譯器器內部錯誤：已殺死(程序 cc1plus)
    Please submit a full bug report,
    with preprocessed source if appropriate.
    See <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla> for instructions.
    make[2]: *** [sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/item_geofunc.cc.o] 錯誤 4
    make[1]: *** [sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/all] 錯誤 2
    make: *** [all] 錯誤 2
    不不要感受奇怪，實際上是內存不不夠致使的，這位兄弟也遇到⼀同樣的問題，以下：
    在這⾥裏里特別提醒， 對於mysql5.7.8的make編譯， 若是是阿⾥裏里雲centos主機512M內存的， 會在make編譯到45%時會報錯， 這是內存不不⾜足所致。
    c++: Internal error: Killed (program cc1plus)
    Please submit a full bug report.
    See <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla> for instructions.
    make[2]: *** [sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/item_geofunc.cc.o] Error 1
    make[1]: *** [sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/all] Error 2
    make: *** [all] Error 2
    那麼設置2G交換分區來⽤用下 :
    # dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1k count=2048000 --獲取要增長的2G的SWAP⽂文件塊
    # mkswap /swapfile -- 建立SWAP⽂文件
    # swapon /swapfile -- 激活SWAP⽂文件
    # swapon -s -- 查看SWAP信息是否正確
    # echo "/var/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab -- 添加到fstab⽂文件中讓系統引導時⾃自動啓動
     注意, swapfile⽂文件的路路徑在/var/下
    編譯完後, 若是不不想要交換分區了了, 能夠刪除:
    # swapoff /swapfile
    # rm -fr /swapfile

初始化報錯
mysql_install_db 命令已經不不同意使⽤用，須要使⽤用 mysqld 命令初始化數據庫⽬目錄

[root@centos74-0 mysql-5.7.19]# ./bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
    2017-11-18 14:57:04 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
    2017-11-18 14:57:04 [ERROR] The data directory needs to be specified.

[root@centos74-0 mysql-5.7.19]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize

2017-11-18T06:57:28.845607Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --
    explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
    2017-11-18T06:57:29.129344Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
    2017-11-18T06:57:29.203844Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
    2017-11-18T06:57:29.263076Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this
    server has been started. Generating a new UUID: be136ee3-cc2d-11e7-b4a7-001c42ebb70f.
    2017-11-18T06:57:29.264361Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
    2017-11-18T06:57:29.265114Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: xkkJiMlmX3&s

[root@centos74-0 mysql-5.7.19]# ll -d data

drwxr-x--- 5 root root 147 Nov 18 14:57 data

[root@centos74-0 bin]# ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

2017-11-18T07:20:37.761916Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --
    explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
    2017-11-18T07:20:38.007055Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
    2017-11-18T07:20:38.055215Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
    2017-11-18T07:20:38.112842Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this
    server has been started. Generating a new UUID: f9e51e81-cc30-11e7-b3f5-001c42ebb70f.
    2017-11-18T07:20:38.114500Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
    2017-11-18T07:20:38.115271Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: I<XPKquuk0:u

[root@centos74-0 bin]# ./mysqld_safe --user=mysql

Logging to '/usr/local/mysql-5.7.20/data/centos74-0.err'. 
      2017-11-18T07:21:14.070919Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon         
    with databases from /usr/local/mysql-5.7.20/data

[root@centos74-0 mysql-5.7.20]# ./bin/mysql -uroot -p'I<XPKquuk0:u'

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 3
    Server version: 5.7.20
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql>

若是數據⽬目錄⾮非空，會認爲數據庫已存在，⽆沒法初始化

[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
    2017-11-18T07:25:50.083462Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
    server option (see documentation for more details).
    2017-11-18T07:25:50.088292Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
    2017-11-18T07:25:50.088372Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
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