爲什麼要搭建Redis集羣。Redis是在內存中保存數據的,而咱們的電腦通常內存都不大,這也就意味着Redis不適合存儲大數據,適合存儲大數據的是Hadoop生態系統的Hbase或者是MogoDB。Redis更適合處理高併發,一臺設備的存儲能力是頗有限的,可是多臺設備協同合做,就可讓內存增大不少倍,這就須要用到集羣。node
Redis集羣搭建的方式有多種,例如使用客戶端分片、Twemproxy、Codis等,但從redis 3.0以後版本支持redis-cluster集羣,它是Redis官方提出的解決方案,Redis-Cluster採用無中心結構,每一個節點保存數據和整個集羣狀態,每一個節點都和其餘全部節點鏈接。其redis-cluster架構圖以下:linux
客戶端與 redis 節點直連,不須要中間 proxy 層.客戶端不須要鏈接集羣全部節點鏈接集羣中任何一個可用節點便可。c++
全部的 redis 節點彼此互聯(PING-PONG 機制),內部使用二進制協議優化傳輸速度和帶寬.redis
(1)redis-cluster 把全部的物理節點映射到[0-16383]slot 上,cluster 負責維護算法
node<->slot<->valuespring
(2)Redis 集羣中內置了 16384 個哈希槽,當須要在 Redis 集羣中放置一個 key-value 時,redis 先對 key 使用 crc16 算法算出一個結果,而後把結果對 16384 求餘數,這樣每一個key 都會對應一個編號在 0-16383 之間的哈希槽,redis 會根據節點數量大體均等的將哈希槽映射到不一樣的節點。ruby
例如三個節點:槽分佈的值以下:服務器
SERVER1: 0-5460架構
SERVER2: 5461-10922併發
SERVER3: 10923-16383
(1)選舉過程是集羣中全部master參與,若是半數以上master節點與故障節點通訊超過(cluster-node-timeout),認爲該節點故障,自動觸發故障轉移操做. 故障節點對應的從節點自動升級爲主節點
(2)何時整個集羣不可用(cluster_state:fail)?
若是集羣任意master掛掉,且當前master沒有slave.集羣進入fail狀態,也能夠理解成集羣的slot映射[0-16383]不完成時進入fail狀態.
須要 6 臺 redis 服務器。搭建僞集羣。
須要 6 個 redis 實例。
須要運行在不一樣的端口 7001-7006
(1)安裝gcc
Redis 是 c 語言開發的。安裝 redis 須要 c 語言的編譯環境。若是沒有 gcc 須要在線安裝。
yum install gcc-c++
(2)使用yum命令安裝 ruby (咱們須要使用ruby腳原本實現集羣搭建)【此步省略】
yum install ruby
yum install rubygems
(3)將redis源碼包上傳到 linux 系統 ,解壓redis源碼包
(4)編譯redis源碼 ,進入redis源碼文件夾
make
看到如下輸出結果,表示編譯成功
(5)建立目錄/usr/local/redis-cluster目錄, 安裝6個redis實例,分別安裝在如下目錄
/usr/local/redis-cluster/redis-1
/usr/local/redis-cluster/redis-2
/usr/local/redis-cluster/redis-3
/usr/local/redis-cluster/redis-4
/usr/local/redis-cluster/redis-5
/usr/local/redis-cluster/redis-6
以第一個redis實例爲例,命令以下(注意在源碼目錄下執行下面的命令)
make install PREFIX=/usr/local/redis-cluster/redis-1
其餘一致。。。
(6)複製配置文件 將 /redis-3.0.0/redis.conf 複製到redis下的bin目錄下
[root@localhost redis-3.0.0]# cp redis.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/redis-1/bin [root@localhost redis-3.0.0]# cp redis.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/redis-2/bin [root@localhost redis-3.0.0]# cp redis.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/redis-3/bin [root@localhost redis-3.0.0]# cp redis.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/redis-4/bin [root@localhost redis-3.0.0]# cp redis.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/redis-5/bin [root@localhost redis-3.0.0]# cp redis.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/redis-6/bin
(1)修改每一個redis節點的配置文件redis.conf
修改運行端口爲7001 (7002 7003 .....)
將cluster-enabled yes 前的註釋去掉(632行)
(2)啓動每一個redis實例
以第一個實例爲例,命令以下
cd /usr/local/redis-cluster/redis-1/bin/
./redis-server redis.conf
把其他的5個也啓動起來,而後查看一下是否是都啓動起來了
(3)上傳redis-3.0.0.gem ,安裝 ruby用於搭建redis集羣的腳本。(alt+p)
put h:/linux_upload/redis-3.0.0.gem
執行下面命令
gem install redis-3.0.0.gem
(4)使用 ruby 腳本搭建集羣。
進入redis源碼目錄中的src目錄 執行下面的命令
./redis-trib.rb create --replicas 1 192.168.40.128:7001 192.168.40.128:7002 192.168.40.128:7003 192.168.40.128:7004 192.168.40.128:7005 192.168.40.128:7006
結果以下:
>>> Creating cluster Connecting to node 192.168.40.128:7001: OK //檢測鏈接 Connecting to node 192.168.40.128:7002: OK Connecting to node 192.168.40.128:7003: OK Connecting to node 192.168.40.128:7004: OK Connecting to node 192.168.40.128:7005: OK Connecting to node 192.168.40.128:7006: OK >>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes... Using 3 masters: 192.168.40.128:7001 192.168.40.128:7002 192.168.40.128:7003 Adding replica 192.168.40.128:7004 to 192.168.40.128:7001 //將4做爲1的從節點 Adding replica 192.168.40.128:7005 to 192.168.40.128:7002 Adding replica 192.168.40.128:7006 to 192.168.40.128:7003 M: 35bc27cc56f03bc5a780eaaf6d8dbb2ef99baa50 192.168.40.128:7001 slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master //槽 M: ef7dcb063e3c941b666a78c8cd44721d526a5916 192.168.40.128:7002 slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master M: ea883ab716e0b194ca6a2dbf0d64137f3af0cb18 192.168.40.128:7003 slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master S: bf166b59899f586207a056d5c7e06131a34957b4 192.168.40.128:7004 replicates 35bc27cc56f03bc5a780eaaf6d8dbb2ef99baa50 S: b301e5cf266d03d4582a316a5572eb49e5af6f93 192.168.40.128:7005 replicates ef7dcb063e3c941b666a78c8cd44721d526a5916 S: a5243ab9438029660e0d9890d501457310681395 192.168.40.128:7006 replicates ea883ab716e0b194ca6a2dbf0d64137f3af0cb18 Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes //注意選yes,按照上面的樣子分配 >>> Nodes configuration updated >>> Assign a different config epoch to each node >>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster Waiting for the cluster to join... >>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 192.168.40.128:7001) M: 35bc27cc56f03bc5a780eaaf6d8dbb2ef99baa50 192.168.40.128:7001 slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master M: ef7dcb063e3c941b666a78c8cd44721d526a5916 192.168.40.128:7002 slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master M: ea883ab716e0b194ca6a2dbf0d64137f3af0cb18 192.168.40.128:7003 slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master M: bf166b59899f586207a056d5c7e06131a34957b4 192.168.40.128:7004 slots: (0 slots) master replicates 35bc27cc56f03bc5a780eaaf6d8dbb2ef99baa50 M: b301e5cf266d03d4582a316a5572eb49e5af6f93 192.168.40.128:7005 slots: (0 slots) master replicates ef7dcb063e3c941b666a78c8cd44721d526a5916 M: a5243ab9438029660e0d9890d501457310681395 192.168.40.128:7006 slots: (0 slots) master replicates ea883ab716e0b194ca6a2dbf0d64137f3af0cb18 [OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration. >>> Check for open slots... >>> Check slots coverage... [OK] All 16384 slots covered.
搭建成功....
Redis-cli 鏈接集羣:
redis-cli -p 主機ip -p 端口(集羣中任意端口) -c
redis-cli -p 192.168.40.128 -p 7001 -c
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 加載配置屬性文件 按需加載 --> <context:property-placeholder ignore-unresolvable="true" location="classpath:properties/redis-cluster-config.properties" /> <bean id="redisClusterConfiguration" class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisClusterConfiguration"> <property name="maxRedirects" value="${redis.maxRedirects}"></property> <property name="clusterNodes"> <set> <bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisClusterNode"> <constructor-arg name="host" value="${redis.host1}"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg name="port" value="${redis.port1}"></constructor-arg> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisClusterNode"> <constructor-arg name="host" value="${redis.host2}"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg name="port" value="${redis.port2}"></constructor-arg> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisClusterNode"> <constructor-arg name="host" value="${redis.host3}"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg name="port" value="${redis.port3}"></constructor-arg> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisClusterNode"> <constructor-arg name="host" value="${redis.host4}"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg name="port" value="${redis.port4}"></constructor-arg> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisClusterNode"> <constructor-arg name="host" value="${redis.host5}"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg name="port" value="${redis.port5}"></constructor-arg> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisClusterNode"> <constructor-arg name="host" value="${redis.host6}"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg name="port" value="${redis.port6}"></constructor-arg> </bean> </set> </property> </bean> <bean id="jedisPoolConfig" class="redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig"> <property name="maxIdle" value="${redis.maxIdle}" /> <property name="maxTotal" value="${redis.maxTotal}" /> </bean> <bean id="jeidsConnectionFactory" class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory" > <constructor-arg ref="redisClusterConfiguration" /> <constructor-arg ref="jedisPoolConfig" /> </bean> <bean id="redisTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate"> <property name="connectionFactory" ref="jeidsConnectionFactory" /> </bean> </beans>
#cluster configuration
redis.host1=192.168.40.128
redis.port1=7001
redis.host2=192.168.40.128
redis.port2=7002
redis.host3=192.168.40.128
redis.port3=7003
redis.host4=192.168.40.128
redis.port4=7004
redis.host5=192.168.40.128
redis.port5=7005
redis.host6=192.168.40.128
redis.port6=7006
redis.maxRedirects=3
redis.maxIdle=100
redis.maxTotal=600