Python web——Flask1

時間 2019-12-20

標籤 python web flask1 flask 欄目 Python 简体版

原文原文鏈接

Flaskhtml

Flask是一個使用 Python 編寫的輕量級 Web 應用框架。其 WSGI 工具箱採用 Werkzeug ，模板引擎則使用 Jinja2 。Flask使用 BSD 受權。
Flask也被稱爲「microframework」，由於它使用簡單的核心，用 extension 增長其餘功能。Flask沒有默認使用的數據庫、窗體驗證工具。python

簡單安裝web

pip3 install flask

簡單的實例數據庫

1 from flask import Flask
2 app = Flask(__name__)
3  
4 @app.route("/")
5 def hello():
6     return "Hello Flask!"
7  
8 if __name__ == "__main__":
9     app.run()

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Flask路由系統json

Flask中使用 app.route 裝飾器，把裝飾器的函數註冊到路由。flask

route(url, method)微信

url：進行匹配的URL
method：發送請求的形式

@app.route('/', method=['GET']）

Flask session和重定向cookie

flask 有一個 session 對象。容許你在不一樣請求間存儲特定用戶的信息。它是在 Cookies 的基礎上實現的，而且對 Cookies 進行密鑰簽名要使用會話但在這個以前須要設置一個密鑰。session

from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect, session, url_for

# 先實例化一個Flask對象
app = Flask(__name__)
app.debug = True
USERS = {
    1: {"name": "Ojia", "age": 19, "性別": "nan"},
    2: {"name": "夜市街", "age": 19, "性別": "nan"},
    3: {"name": "夜市街1", "age": 19, "性別": "nan"},
}
app.secret_key = 'siuljskdjfs'

@app.route("/detail/<int:nid>", methods=["GET"])
def detail(nid):
    user = session.get("user_info")
    if not user:
        return redirect("/login")
    info = USERS.get(nid)
    return render_template("detail.html", info=info)


@app.route('/index', methods=["GET"])
def index():
    user = session.get("user_info")
    if not user:
        url = url_for("l1")
        return redirect("l1")
    return render_template("index.html", user_dict=USERS)


@app.route('/login', methods=["GET", "POST"], endpoint="l1")  # --> s = app.route("/") 2.s(hello_world)
def login():
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render_template("login.html")
    else:
        # request.query_string
        user = request.form.get("user")
        pwd = request.form.get("pwd")
        if user == "me" and pwd == "998":
            session["user_info"] = user
            return redirect("http://www.baidu.com")
        return render_template("login.html", error="用戶名或者密碼錯誤")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()

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在此次基於Flask微信中app

以前從未接觸Flask，在做業前惡補了一段時間的Flask

簡單來講，Flask是一個短小精悍的武器，可擴展性比較強，Flask有個上下文管理的，頗有用。

在此次做業中，我對爬蟲有了更深的認識，我將總結一下此次的關鍵位置

獲取UUID，method=「Get」

qcode_url = "https://login.wx.qq.com/jslogin?appid=wx782c26e4c19acffb&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwx.qq.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fmmwebwx-bin%2Fwebwxnewloginpage&fun=new&lang=zh_CN&_=時間戳*1000

返回結果

window.QRLogin.code = 200; window.QRLogin.uuid = "xxx"

re正則獲取uuid，保存下來

檢測是否已經掃碼登陸，method=「Get」

    check_url = "https://login.wx.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/login?loginicon=true&uuid=上面獲取的uuid&tip=0&r=-1106230517&_=時間戳"

返回結果

window.code=xxx;

xxx:
    408 登錄超時
    201 掃描成功
    200 確認登陸

if "code=201" in ret.text:
    # 掃碼成功
    src = re.findall("userAvatar = '(.*)';", ret.text)[0]

elif "code=200" in ret.text:
    # 確認登陸
    redirct_url = re.findall('redirect_uri="(.*)";', ret.text)[0]

關鍵來了：在 redirct_url 後面須要找到隱藏的後綴：&fun=new&version=v2

拼接獲得新連接後從新發Get請求，解析和保存返回的結果和cookies

1 <error>
2     <ret>0</ret>
3     <message>OK</message>
4     <skey>xxx</skey>
5     <wxsid>xxx</wxsid>
6     <wxuin>xxx</wxuin>
7     <pass_ticket>xxx</pass_ticket>
8     <isgrayscale>1</isgrayscale>
9 </error>

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首頁用戶初始化，method = "POST"

    init_url = "https://wx2.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/webwxinit?r=-1240095087&lang=zh_CN&pass_ticket={0}".format(ticket_dict.get("pass_ticket"))

pass_ticket在上面分返回結果能夠解析獲得

        data_dict = {
        "BaseRequest": {
            "DeviceID": "e965263748707552",
            "Sid": ticket_dict.get("wxsid"),
            "Skey": ticket_dict.get("skey"),
            "Uin": ticket_dict.get("wxuin")
        }

同上方式所得

返回結果

 1 {
 2     "BaseResponse": {
 3         "Ret": 0,
 4         "ErrMsg": ""
 5     },
 6     "Count": 11,
 7     "ContactList": [...],
 8     "SyncKey": {
 9         "Count": 4,
10         "List": [
11             {
12                 "Key": 1,
13                 "Val": 635705559
14             },
15             ...
16         ]
17     },
18     "User": {
19         "Uin": xxx,
20         "UserName": xxx,
21         "NickName": xxx,
22         "HeadImgUrl": xxx,
23         "RemarkName": "",
24         "PYInitial": "",
25         "PYQuanPin": "",
26         "RemarkPYInitial": "",
27         "RemarkPYQuanPin": "",
28         "HideInputBarFlag": 0,
29         "StarFriend": 0,
30         "Sex": 1,
31         "Signature": "Apt-get install B",
32         "AppAccountFlag": 0,
33         "VerifyFlag": 0,
34         "ContactFlag": 0,
35         "WebWxPluginSwitch": 0,
36         "HeadImgFlag": 1,
37         "SnsFlag": 17
38     },
39     "ChatSet": xxx,
40     "SKey": xxx,
41     "ClientVersion": 369297683,
42     "SystemTime": 1453124908,
43     "GrayScale": 1,
44     "InviteStartCount": 40,
45     "MPSubscribeMsgCount": 2,
46     "MPSubscribeMsgList": [...],
47     "ClickReportInterval": 600000
48 }

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這一步中獲取 SyncKey, User 後面的消息監聽用。

獲取用戶頭像，menthod = 「GET」，帶上cookie和頭部信息

1 head_url = "https://wx2.qq.com"+current_user['HeadImgUrl']

獲取用戶列表 menthod = "POST",帶上cookies

1 user_list_url = "https://wx2.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/webwxgetcontact?lang=zh_CN&r={0}&seq=0&skey={1}".format(ctime, skey)

發送消息，menthod = 「POST」，帶上頭部信息，須要json格式化一下

1     msg_url = "https://wx2.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/webwxsendmsg?lang=zh_CN&pass_ticket={0}".format(
2         ticket_dict["pass_ticket"])

頭部信息

 1 data_dict = {
 2         'BaseRequest': {
 3             "DeviceID": "e965263748707552",
 4             "Sid": ticket_dict.get("wxsid"),
 5             "Skey": ticket_dict.get("skey"),
 6             "Uin": ticket_dict.get("wxuin"),
 7         },
 8         'Msg': {
 9             'ClientMsgId': ctime,
10             'LocalID': ctime,
11             'FromUserName': from_user,
12             'ToUserName': to,
13             'Content': content,
14             "Type": 1
15         },
16         'Scene': 0
17     }

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接收信息 GET請求方式，製做心跳包實時

1 sync_url = "https://webpush2.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/synccheck"

頭部信息

1         sync_dict = {
2             "r": ctime,
3             "skey": ticket_dict.get("skey"),
4             "sid": ticket_dict.get("wxsid"),
5             "uin": ticket_dict.get("wxuin"),
6             "deviceid": "e363838562855462",  # ****
7             "synckey": sync_data_str
8         }

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當有新信息到來時，頭部信息和鏈接，發送POST 請求

 1 fetch_msg_url = "https://wx2.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/webwxsync?sid={0}&skey={1}&pass_ticket={2}" \
 2                 .format(ticket_dict.get("wxsid"), ticket_dict.get("skey"), ticket_dict.get("pass_ticket"))
 3             form_data = {
 4                 'BaseRequest': {
 5                     'DeviceID': 'e965263748707552',  # ****
 6                     'Sid': ticket_dict.get("wxsid"),
 7                     'Skey': ticket_dict.get("skey"),
 8                     'Uin': ticket_dict.get("wxuin")
 9                 },
10                 'SyncKey': USER_INIT_DATA['SyncKey'],
11                 'rr': str(time.time())
12             }

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最後提取關鍵信息

 1 {
 2     'BaseResponse': {'ErrMsg': '', 'Ret': 0},
 3     'SyncKey': {
 4         'Count': 7,
 5         'List': [
 6             {'Val': 636214192, 'Key': 1},
 7             ...
 8         ]
 9     },
10     'ContinueFlag': 0,
11     'AddMsgCount': 1,
12     'AddMsgList': [
13         {
14             'FromUserName': '',
15             'PlayLength': 0,
16             'RecommendInfo': {...},
17             'Content': "", 
18             'StatusNotifyUserName': '',
19             'StatusNotifyCode': 5,
20             'Status': 3,
21             'VoiceLength': 0,
22             'ToUserName': '',
23             'ForwardFlag': 0,
24             'AppMsgType': 0,
25             'AppInfo': {'Type': 0, 'AppID': ''},
26             'Url': '',
27             'ImgStatus': 1,
28             'MsgType': 51,
29             'ImgHeight': 0,
30             'MediaId': '', 
31             'FileName': '',
32             'FileSize': '',
33             ...
34         },
35         ...
36     ],
37     'ModChatRoomMemberCount': 0,
38     'ModContactList': [],
39     'DelContactList': [],
40     'ModChatRoomMemberList': [],
41     'DelContactCount': 0,
42     ...
43 }