ngIf
指令用於根據表達式的值,在指定位置渲染 then
或 else
模板的內容。html
then 模板除非綁定到不一樣的值,不然默認是 ngIf
指令關聯的內聯模板。node
else 模板除非綁定對應的值,不然默認是 null。typescript
<!--語法糖--> <div *ngIf="condition">...</div> <!--Angular 2.x中使用template--> <ng-template [ngIf]="condition"><div>...</div></ng-template>
<div *ngIf="condition; else elseBlock">...</div> <ng-template #elseBlock>...</ng-template>
<div *ngIf="condition; then thenBlock else elseBlock"></div> <ng-template #thenBlock>...</ng-template> <ng-template #elseBlock>...</ng-template>
<div *ngIf="condition as value; else elseBlock">{{value}}</div> <ng-template #elseBlock>...</ng-template>
@Component({ selector: 'ng-if-then-else', template: ` <button (click)="show = !show">{{show ? 'hide' : 'show'}}</button> <button (click)="switchPrimary()">Switch Primary</button> show = {{show}} <br> <div *ngIf="show; then thenBlock; else elseBlock">this is ignored</div> <ng-template #primaryBlock>Primary text to show</ng-template> <ng-template #secondaryBlock>Secondary text to show</ng-template> <ng-template #elseBlock>Alternate text while primary text is hidden</ng-template> ` }) class NgIfThenElse implements OnInit { thenBlock: TemplateRef<any> = null; show: boolean = true; @ViewChild('primaryBlock') primaryBlock: TemplateRef<any> = null; @ViewChild('secondaryBlock') secondaryBlock: TemplateRef<any> = null; switchPrimary() { this.thenBlock = this.thenBlock === this.primaryBlock ? this.secondaryBlock : this.primaryBlock; } ngOnInit() { this.thenBlock = this.primaryBlock; } }
TemplateRef 實例用於表示模板對象,TemplateRef 抽象類的定義以下:segmentfault
// angular\packages\core\src\linker\template_ref.ts export abstract class TemplateRef<C> { abstract get elementRef(): ElementRef; abstract createEmbeddedView(context: C): EmbeddedViewRef<C>; }
ViewContainerRef 實例提供了 createEmbeddedView()
方法,該方法接收 TemplateRef
對象做爲參數,並將模板中的內容做爲容器 (comment 元素) 的兄弟元素,插入到頁面中。數組
NgIfContext 實例用於表示 NgIf 上下文。ide
// angular\packages\common\src\directives\ng_if.ts export class NgIfContext { public $implicit: any = null; public ngIf: any = null; }
若想進一步瞭解 TemplateRef
和 ViewContainerRef
的相關內容,請參考如下文章:函數
@Directive({ selector: '[ngIf]' // 屬性選擇器 - <ng-template [ngIf]="condition"> })
export class NgIf { // 建立NgIfContext上下文 private _context: NgIfContext = new NgIfContext(); // 表示then模板對象 private _thenTemplateRef: TemplateRef<NgIfContext>|null = null; // 表示else模板對象 private _elseTemplateRef: TemplateRef<NgIfContext>|null = null; // 表示根據then模板建立的EmbeddedViewRef視圖 private _thenViewRef: EmbeddedViewRef<NgIfContext>|null = null; // 表示根據else模板建立的EmbeddedViewRef視圖 private _elseViewRef: EmbeddedViewRef<NgIfContext>|null = null; constructor( private _viewContainer: ViewContainerRef, templateRef: TemplateRef<NgIfContext>) { this._thenTemplateRef = templateRef; // then模板的默認值爲ngIf指令關聯的內聯模板 } }
@Input() set ngIf(condition: any) { this._context.$implicit = this._context.ngIf = condition; this._updateView(); // 更新視圖 } @Input() set ngIfThen(templateRef: TemplateRef<NgIfContext>) { this._thenTemplateRef = templateRef; this._thenViewRef = null; // 清除以前建立的視圖 this._updateView(); } @Input() set ngIfElse(templateRef: TemplateRef<NgIfContext>) { this._elseTemplateRef = templateRef; this._elseViewRef = null; // 清除以前建立的視圖 this._updateView(); }
// 更新視圖 private _updateView() { // this._context.$implicit = this._context.ngIf = condition // 若condition表達式的值爲truthy if (this._context.$implicit) { // 若_thenViewRef爲null且_thenTemplateRef存在,則建立_thenViewRef內嵌視圖 if (!this._thenViewRef) { this._viewContainer.clear(); this._elseViewRef = null; if (this._thenTemplateRef) { this._thenViewRef = this._viewContainer.createEmbeddedView(this._thenTemplateRef, this._context); } } } else { // condition表達式的值爲falsy // 若_elseViewRef爲null且_elseTemplateRef存在,則建立_elseViewRef內嵌視圖 if (!this._elseViewRef) { this._viewContainer.clear(); this._thenViewRef = null; if (this._elseTemplateRef) { this._elseViewRef = this._viewContainer.createEmbeddedView(this._elseTemplateRef, this._context); } } } }
ngIf
指令的源碼相對比較簡單,最核心的是 _updateView()
方法。而該方法中最重要的功能就是如何基於模板對象建立內嵌視圖。接下來咱們來分析一下 ViewContainerRef
對象的 createEmbeddedView()
方法。code
// angular\packages\core\src\linker\view_container_ref.ts export abstract class ViewContainerRef { /** * 基於TemplateRef對象建立Embedded View(內嵌視圖),而後根據`index`指定的值,插入到容器中。 * 若是沒有指定`index`的值,新建立的視圖將做爲容器中的最後一個視圖插入。 */ abstract createEmbeddedView<C>( templateRef: TemplateRef<C>, context?: C, index?: number): EmbeddedViewRef<C>; }
// angular\packages\core\src\view\refs.ts class ViewContainerRef_ implements ViewContainerData { // ... createEmbeddedView<C>( templateRef: TemplateRef<C>, context?: C, index?: number): EmbeddedViewRef<C> { // 調用TemplateRef對象createEmbeddedView()方法建立EmbeddedViewRef對象 const viewRef = templateRef.createEmbeddedView(context || <any>{}); // 根據指定的index值,插入到視圖容器中 this.insert(viewRef, index); return viewRef; } } // ViewContainerData接口繼承於ViewContainerRef抽象類 export interface ViewContainerData extends ViewContainerRef { _embeddedViews: ViewData[]; } export interface ViewData { def: ViewDefinition; root: RootData; renderer: Renderer2; parentNodeDef: NodeDef|null; parent: ViewData|null; viewContainerParent: ViewData|null; component: any; context: any; nodes: {[key: number]: NodeData}; state: ViewState; oldValues: any[]; disposables: DisposableFn[]|null; }
經過觀察 ViewContainerRef_
類中的 createEmbeddedView()
方法,咱們發現該方法內部是調用 TemplateRef
對象的 createEmbeddedView()
方法來建立內嵌視圖。所以接下來咱們再來分析一下 TemplateRef
對象的 createEmbeddedView()
方法。
// angular\packages\core\src\linker\template_ref.ts export abstract class TemplateRef<C> { abstract createEmbeddedView(context: C): EmbeddedViewRef<C>; }
// angular\packages\core\src\view\refs.ts class TemplateRef_ extends TemplateRef<any> implements TemplateData { // ... createEmbeddedView(context: any): EmbeddedViewRef<any> { return new ViewRef_(Services.createEmbeddedView( this._parentView, this._def, this._def.element !.template !, context)); } } export interface TemplateData extends TemplateRef<any> { _projectedViews: ViewData[]; }
看完上面的源碼,毫無疑問接下來咱們要繼續分析 Services
對象中的 createEmbeddedView()
方法。
// angular\packages\core\src\view\types.ts export const Services: Services = { setCurrentNode: undefined !, createRootView: undefined !, createEmbeddedView: undefined !, createComponentView: undefined !, createNgModuleRef: undefined !, overrideProvider: undefined !, clearProviderOverrides: undefined !, checkAndUpdateView: undefined !, checkNoChangesView: undefined !, destroyView: undefined !, resolveDep: undefined !, createDebugContext: undefined !, handleEvent: undefined !, updateDirectives: undefined !, updateRenderer: undefined !, dirtyParentQueries: undefined !, };
// angular\packages\core\src\view\services.ts export function initServicesIfNeeded() { if (initialized) { return; } initialized = true; const services = isDevMode() ? createDebugServices() : createProdServices(); Services.setCurrentNode = services.setCurrentNode; Services.createRootView = services.createRootView; Services.createEmbeddedView = services.createEmbeddedView; Services.createComponentView = services.createComponentView; Services.createNgModuleRef = services.createNgModuleRef; Services.overrideProvider = services.overrideProvider; Services.clearProviderOverrides = services.clearProviderOverrides; Services.checkAndUpdateView = services.checkAndUpdateView; Services.checkNoChangesView = services.checkNoChangesView; Services.destroyView = services.destroyView; Services.resolveDep = resolveDep; Services.createDebugContext = services.createDebugContext; Services.handleEvent = services.handleEvent; Services.updateDirectives = services.updateDirectives; Services.updateRenderer = services.updateRenderer; Services.dirtyParentQueries = dirtyParentQueries; }
在 initServicesIfNeeded()
方法中,會根據當前所處的模式,建立不一樣的 Services 對象。接下來 咱們直接來看一下 createProdServices()
方法:
function createProdServices() { return { setCurrentNode: () => {}, createRootView: createProdRootView, createEmbeddedView: createEmbeddedView // 省略了其它方法 }
// angular\packages\core\src\view\view.ts export function createEmbeddedView( parent: ViewData, anchorDef: NodeDef, viewDef: ViewDefinition, context?: any): ViewData { // embedded views are seen as siblings to the anchor, so we need // to get the parent of the anchor and use it as parentIndex. // 建立ViewData對象 const view = createView(parent.root, parent.renderer, parent, anchorDef, viewDef); // 初始化ViewData對象-設置component及context屬性的值 initView(view, parent.component, context); // 建立視圖中的節點,即設置view.nodes數組的屬性值 // const nodes = view.nodes; for(...) { ...; nodes[i] = nodeData; } createViewNodes(view); return view; }
此時發現若是完整分析全部的方法,會涉及太多的內容。源碼分析就到此結束,有興趣的讀者請自行閱讀源碼哈(請各位讀者見諒)。接下來咱們來總結一下 createEmbeddedView()
方法調用流程:
ViewContainerRef_ -> createEmbeddedView() => TemplateRef_ -> createEmbeddedView() => Services -> createEmbeddedView() => Call createEmbeddedView()