.Net使用Newtonsoft.Json.dll(JSON.NET)對象序列化成json、反序列化json示例教程

時間 2019-11-14

標籤使用 newtonsoft.json.dll newtonsoft json dll json.net 對象序列化成示例教程欄目 JSON 简体版

原文原文鏈接

JSON做爲一種輕量級的數據交換格式，簡單靈活，被不少系統用來數據交互，做爲一名.NET開發人員，JSON.NET無疑是最好的序列化框架，支持XML和JSON序列化，高性能，免費開源，支持LINQ查詢。目前已被微軟集成於webapi框架之中，所以，熟練掌握JSON.NET至關重要，這篇文章是零度參考官網整理的示例，經過這些示例，能夠全面瞭解JSON.NET提供的功能。html

Newtonsoft.Json的地址：git

官網：http://json.codeplex.com/github

源碼地址：https://github.com/JamesNK/Newtonsoft.Jsonweb

Newtonsoft.Json.dll下載：https://github.com/JamesNK/Newtonsoft.Json/releasesjson

一、使用Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)序列化對象,經過Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting將json格式化輸出。c#

            Account account = new Account
            {
                Email = "1930906722@qq.com",
                Active = true,
                CreatedDate =DateTime.Now,
                Roles = new List<string> { "User", "Admin" }
            };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(account, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

    public class Account
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Email { get; set; }
        public bool Active { get; set; }
        public DateTime CreatedDate { get; set; }
        public IList<string> Roles { get; set; }
    }

執行結果：api

二、使用Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)序列化List集合：框架

            List<string> videogames = new List<string> { "HTML5", "JavaScript", ".net","c#",".net core" };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(videogames);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

執行結果：ide

三、使用Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)序列化dictionary字典函數

            System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, string> dic = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, string>
            {
                { "Name", "張三" },
                { "Age", "20" }, 
                { "Email", "193090622@qq.com" }
            };
            string json1 = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dic, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(json1);
            Console.WriteLine("");
            Console.WriteLine("未格式化的json：");
            string json2 = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dic, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.None);
            Console.WriteLine(json2);

執行結果：

四、Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)將序列化結果保存到指定的文件：

            User movie = new User { Name = "張三", Age = 1993 };
            using (System.IO.StreamWriter file = System.IO.File.CreateText(@"F:\UserInfo.txt"))
            {
                Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializer serializer = new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializer();
                serializer.Serialize(file, movie);
            }

    public class User
    {
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public int Age { set; get; }
    }

執行後保存到文件的結果：

五、Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)基於枚舉類型的JsonConverters轉換器

            List<JosnEnum> list = new List<JosnEnum> { JosnEnum.NotStartus, JosnEnum.Startus };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(list);
            Console.WriteLine(json);
            Console.WriteLine("");

            System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, int> dic = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, int>
            { 
            {((JosnEnum)(int)JosnEnum.NotStartus).ToString() ,(int)JosnEnum.NotStartus} ,
            {((JosnEnum)(int)JosnEnum.Startus).ToString() ,(int)JosnEnum.Startus}
            };
            string dicJson = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dic);
            Console.WriteLine(dicJson);

            Console.WriteLine("");
            List<JosnEnum> list2 = new List<JosnEnum>
            {
                JosnEnum.NotStartus, 
                JosnEnum.Startus
            };
            string json3 = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(list2, new Newtonsoft.Json.Converters.StringEnumConverter());
            Console.WriteLine(json3);

            Console.WriteLine("");

            List<JosnEnum> result = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<JosnEnum>>(json3, new Newtonsoft.Json.Converters.StringEnumConverter());
            Console.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", result.Select(c => c.ToString())));

    public enum JosnEnum
    {
        NotStartus = 0,
        Startus = 1
    }

執行結果：

六、Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)經過JRaw將JS函數序列化到JSON中

            JavaScriptSettings settings = new JavaScriptSettings
            {
                OnLoadFunction = new Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JRaw("OnLoad"),
                OnSucceedFunction = new Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JRaw("function(e) { alert(e); }")
            };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(settings, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

    public class JavaScriptSettings
    {
        public Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JRaw OnLoadFunction { get; set; }
        public Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JRaw OnSucceedFunction { get; set; }
    }

七、使用Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)將json反序列化對象

  string json = @"{
   'Email': '1930906722@qq.com',
   'Active': true,
   'CreatedDate': '2016-11-26 20:39',
   'Roles': [
     'User',
     'Admin'
]
 }";
            Account account = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Account>(json);
            Console.WriteLine(account.Email);

    public class Account
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Email { get; set; }
        public bool Active { get; set; }
        public DateTime CreatedDate { get; set; }
        public IList<string> Roles { get; set; }
    }

執行結果：

八、使用Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)反序列化List集合：

            string json = @"['Html5','C#','.Net','.Net Core']";
            List<string> videogames = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<string>>(json);
            Console.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", videogames));

執行結果：

九、使用Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)反序列化dictionary字典

            string json = @"{'Name': '張三','Age': '23'}";
            var htmlAttributes = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Dictionary<string, string>>(json);
            Console.WriteLine(htmlAttributes["Name"]);
            Console.WriteLine(htmlAttributes["Age"]);

執行結果：

十、使用Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)序列化var匿名類型，有時候，咱們並不須要先定義一個類，而後new一個對象後再進行序列化，JSON.NET支持匿名類型的序列化和反序列化。

            var test1 = new { Name = "李四", Age = 26 };
            var json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(test1);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

            Console.WriteLine("");
            var test2 = new { Name = "", Age = 0 };
            string json1 = @"{'Name':'張三','Age':'25'}";
            var result = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeAnonymousType(json1, test2);
            Console.WriteLine(result.Name);

執行結果：

十一、Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)用新JSON字符串填充指定對象的屬性值

            Account account = new Account
            {
                Email = "1930906722@qq.com",
                Active = true,
                CreatedDate = DateTime.Now,
                Roles = new List<string> { "User", "Admin" }
            };
            string json = @"{'Active': false, 'Roles': ['Expired']}";
            Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.PopulateObject(json, account);
            Console.WriteLine(account.Active);
            Console.WriteLine(account.Email);

    public class Account
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Email { get; set; }
        public bool Active { get; set; }
        public DateTime CreatedDate { get; set; }
        public IList<string> Roles { get; set; }
    }

執行結果：

十二、使用Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)反序列化時可指定構造函數：

首先咱們定義以下的類型，咱們但願JSON.NET反序列化對象時使用第2個構造函數，咱們將第一個默認構造函數屏蔽，標記爲私有private修飾符。第2個構造函數須要指定一個website對象做爲參數，若是提供的參數爲null則拋出異常：

public class Website
{
    public string Url { get; set; }
    private Website()
    {
    }
    public Website(Website website)
    {
        if (website == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("website");
        Url = website.Url;
    }
}

如今使用通常的方式反序列化一個JSON字符串。執行出現的結果：

咱們發現該序列化方法拋出了異常，並無按照咱們預想的方式進行反序列化，JSON.NET提供以下的方式指定公有構造函數。

            string json = @"{'Url':'http://www.cnblogs.com/linJie1930906722/'}";
            Website website = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Website>(json, new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                ConstructorHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.ConstructorHandling.AllowNonPublicDefaultConstructor
            });
            Console.WriteLine(website.Url);

執行結果：

另外，JSON.NET提供了指定任何構造函數的JsonConstructorAttribute特性，只須要在構造函數上標記，便可指定構造函數。

    public class Users
    {
        public string UserName { get; private set; }
        public bool Enabled { get; private set; }
        public Users()
        {
        }
        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConstructor]
        public Users(string userName, bool enabled)
        {
            UserName = userName;
            Enabled = enabled;
        }
    }

            string json = @"{""UserName"": ""希特勒"",""Enabled"": true}";
            Users user = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Users>(json);
            Console.WriteLine(user.UserName);

執行結果：

1三、當對象的屬性爲默認值(0或null)時不序列化該屬性

    public class Person
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public Person Partner { get; set; }
        public decimal? Salary { get; set; }
    }

            Person person1 = new Person();
            string json1 = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(person1, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented, new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                DefaultValueHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.DefaultValueHandling.Ignore
            });
            Console.WriteLine(json1);

            Console.WriteLine("");
            Person person2 = new Person(){Name = "奧巴馬"};
            string json2 = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(person2, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented, new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                DefaultValueHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.DefaultValueHandling.Ignore
            });
            Console.WriteLine(json2);

執行結果：

1四、Newtonsoft.Json（JSON.NET）中忽略null值得處理器

    public class Person
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public Person Partner { get; set; }
        public decimal? Salary { get; set; }
    }

            Person person = new Person { Name = "張三", Age = 46 };
            string jsonIncludeNullValues = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(person, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(jsonIncludeNullValues);
            Console.WriteLine("");
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(person, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented, new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                NullValueHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.NullValueHandling.Ignore
            });
            Console.WriteLine(json);

執行結果：

1五、JSON.NET中循環引用的處理方法

            Employee employee1 = new Employee { Name = "張三" };
            Employee employee2 = new Employee { Name = "李四" };
            employee1.Manager = employee2;
            employee2.Manager = employee2;
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(employee1, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented, new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                ReferenceLoopHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore
            });
            Console.WriteLine(json);

    public class Employee
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public Employee Manager { get; set; }
    }

執行結果：

1六、經過ContractResolver指定屬性名首字母小寫，一般，在.NET中屬性採用PascalCase規則（首字母大寫），在JavaScript中屬性名使用CamelCase規則（首字母小寫），咱們但願序列化後的JSON字符串符合CamelCase規則，JSON.NET提供的ContractResolver能夠設置屬性名小寫序列化

    public class User
    {
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public int Age { set; get; }
    }

            User person = new User { Name = "張三", Age =52 };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(person, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented, new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                ContractResolver = new Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver()
            });
            Console.WriteLine(json);

執行結果：

1七、JSON.NET中經過特性序列化枚舉類型

    public enum ProductStatus
    { 
        NotConfirmed, 
        Active, Deleted
    }

    public class Product
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConverter(typeof(Newtonsoft.Json.Converters.StringEnumConverter))]
        public ProductStatus Status { get; set; }
    }

            Product user = new Product { Name = @"羽絨服", Status = ProductStatus.Deleted };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

執行結果：

1八、指定須要序列化的屬性

    [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonObject(Newtonsoft.Json.MemberSerialization.OptIn)]
    public class Categroy
    {
        //Id不須要序列化
        public Guid Id { get; set; }

        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty]
        public int Size { get; set; }
    }

            Categroy categroy = new Categroy
            {
                Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
                Name = "內衣",
                Size = 52
            };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(categroy, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

執行結果：

1九、序列化對象時指定屬性名

    public class Videogame
    {
        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty("name")]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty("release_date")]
        public DateTime ReleaseDate { get; set; }
    }

            Videogame starcraft = new Videogame
            {
                Name = "英雄聯盟",
                ReleaseDate = DateTime.Now
            };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(starcraft, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

執行結果：

20、序列化時指定屬性在JSON中的順序

    public class Personl
    {
        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty(Order = 2)]
        public string FirstName { get; set; }

        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty(Order = 1)]
        public string LastName { get; set; }
    }

            Personl person = new Personl { FirstName = "張三", LastName = "李四" };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(person, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

執行結果：

2一、反序列化指定屬性是否必須有值必須不爲null，在反序列化一個JSON時，可經過JsonProperty特性的Required指定反序列化行爲，當反序列化行爲與指定的行爲不匹配時，JSON.NET將拋出異常，Required是枚舉，Required.Always表示屬性必須有值切不能爲null，Required.AllowNull表示屬性必須有值，但容許爲null值。

    public class Order
    {
        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty(Required = Newtonsoft.Json.Required.Always)]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty(Required = Newtonsoft.Json.Required.AllowNull)]
        public DateTime? ReleaseDate { get; set; }
    }

            string json = @"{
    'Name': '促銷訂單',
    'ReleaseDate': null
  }";
            Order order = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Order>(json);
            Console.WriteLine(order.Name);
            Console.WriteLine(order.ReleaseDate);

執行結果：

2二、經過特性指定null值忽略序列化

    public class Vessel
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty(NullValueHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.NullValueHandling.Ignore)]
        public DateTime? LaunchDate { get; set; }
    }

            Vessel vessel = new Vessel { Name = "張三" };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(vessel, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

執行結果：

2三、忽略不須要序列化的屬性，並非對象全部屬性都要參與序列化，咱們能夠使用JsonIgnore特性排除不須要序列化的屬性，下面示例中的PasswordHash將被忽略。

    public class Accounts
    {
        public string FullName { get; set; }
        public string EmailAddress { get; set; }
        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonIgnore]
        public string PasswordHash { get; set; }
    }

            Accounts account = new Accounts
            {
                FullName = "admin",
                EmailAddress = "1930906722@qq.com",
                PasswordHash = "dfsfgerhtyhsasdhjyujtgwe454811sfsg8d"
            };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(account);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

執行結果：

2四、序列化或反序列化時指定日期時間格式，JSON.NET中提供一個名爲JsonSerializerSettings的設置對象，可經過此對象設置不少序列化和反序列化的行爲，若是要設置JSON.NET序列化輸出的日期時間格式，只須要指定格式化字符串便可。經過JsonSerializerSettings的DateFormatString屬性指定日期時間格式：

    public class Customer
    {
        public string FirstName { get; set; }
        public string LastName { get; set; }
        public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; }
    }

            Customer custom = new Customer { FirstName = "張三", LastName = "李四", CreateDate = DateTime.Now };
            Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings settings = new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                DateFormatString = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss",
                Formatting = Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented
            };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(custom, settings);
            Console.WriteLine(json);