7五、分發系統|expect腳本遠程登陸和執行命令、傳遞參數

一、分發系統介紹：expect,也就是一個分發腳本：

場景：業務會愈來愈大,網站app,後端,服務端所使用的編程語言爲php,要想運行這個環境,就須要配置LAMP或者LNMP,最後還須要把代碼上傳到服務器上去,業務不斷的增長,一兩臺機器還好好說,要是幾十臺,上百臺設備,這時候就須要用到了分發系統了,把天天更新的代碼發佈到每一臺機器上去：

      expect是一種腳本語言,經過它能夠實現傳輸,上線代碼,能夠實現遠程執行命令,不須要輸入密碼：

首先準備一臺模板機器(最新的代碼待上線),而後給下面分發代碼的多臺臺機器上線,機器的IP,對應用戶的密碼,然經過expect,藉助rsync來上傳代碼,能夠用expect去登陸執行某些命令：

1:expect腳本安裝：

yum   install   -y    expect     （安裝包和mkpasswd是一塊兒的）

示例1：自動遠程登陸,並執行一些命令：

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 1.expect  
#! /usr/bin/expect
set host "192.168.149.129"
set passwd "nihao123!"
set port "-p 56888"
spawn ssh $port root@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}  
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
##expect eof  表示登陸遠程機器後,暫停一兩秒鐘後退出：
interact  
#腳本結束

註釋：在expect中定義變量須要set  host才能夠：

註釋：在文件裏 expect  { }這裏是保證登陸信息,第一次登陸時候,則須要yes記錄登陸信息,下一次則不須要了,須要清空 >/root/.ssh/known_hosts才能夠:

exp_continue表示繼續/r換行,  interact表示繼續停留在這臺機器不退出：若是不加的話則登陸後立刻退出：

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ssh -p 56888 192.168.149.129 
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
#由於咱們之前登陸過,全部不詢問爲了安全性,是否須要還繼續連接：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# > /root/.ssh/
authorized_keys         authorized_keys_xshell  id_rsa.pub              
authorized_keys.bakup   id_rsa                  known_hosts             
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# > /root/.ssh/known_hosts     #清空這個文件裏面的信息：
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ssh -p 56888 192.168.149.129      #再次登陸時則會詢問：
The authenticity of host '[192.168.149.129]:56888 ([192.168.149.129]:56888)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:mtOEV1y+2ErXFWqQRL0rYCQGGuVE7z4n1is+2dPQc7E.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:d9:f7:03:de:c4:f5:40:89:be:3c:25:6d:70:6a:49:a5.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

加入執行權限後成功登陸：        chmod  a+x  1.expect

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./1.expect
-bash: ./1.expect: 權限不夠
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x 1.expect 
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./1.expect 
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
The authenticity of host '[192.168.149.129]:56888 ([192.168.149.129]:56888)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:mtOEV1y+2ErXFWqQRL0rYCQGGuVE7z4n1is+2dPQc7E.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:d9:f7:03:de:c4:f5:40:89:be:3c:25:6d:70:6a:49:a5.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '[192.168.149.129]:56888' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
Last login: Thu Oct  4 00:33:35 2018 from 192.168.149.135
[root@localhost_02 ~]#

2:expect遠程執行命令：

遠程執行完命令,並退出：

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 2.expect  
#!/usr/bin/expect
set user "root"
set passwd "nihao123!"
set port "-p 56888"
spawn ssh $port  $user@192.168.180.135

expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "touch /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "echo 1212 > /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"

註釋：expect  "]*"  星號表示通配,匹配右邊的全部字符(無論是root用戶普通用戶)：

註釋：send 表示執行這個命令：

3:須要加執行權限並執行這個命令：

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x 2.expect 
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ll 2.expect 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 307 10月  4 16:09 2.expect
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./2.expect 
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
Last login: Thu Oct  4 06:00:22 2018 from 192.168.149.130
[root@localhost_02 ~]# touch /tmp/12.txt
[root@localhost_02 ~]# echo 1212 > /tmp/12.txt

而後在129這臺機器上查看是否建立成功：

[root@localhost_02 ~]# ls /tmp/12.txt 
/tmp/12.txt
[root@localhost_02 ~]# cat  /tmp/12.txt 
1212

四、expect腳本傳遞參數：

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# vim 3.expect 
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# cat 3.expect 
#!/usr/bin/expect
set port [lindex $argv 0]   
#第一個參數,若是端口仍是默認的22,則不須要定義次參數,依次往下定義便可：
set user [lindex $argv 1] 
#第二個參數
set host [lindex $argv 2]   
#第三個參數
set passwd "nihao123!"
set cm [lindex $argv 3]   
#第四參數
spawn ssh -p $port $user@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"

1:增長執行權限：     chmod    +x     3.expect

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# chmod a+x 3.expect 
[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ll 3.expect 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 369 10月  4 16:37 3.expect

2:執行此腳本：   

  ./3.expect     第一個參數(port)              第二個參數(user)      第三個參數(host)      第四個參數(command)

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./3.expect 56888 root 192.168.149.129 ls
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
Last login: Thu Oct  4 06:24:37 2018 from 192.168.149.130
[root@localhost_02 ~]# ls
1  anaconda-ks.cfg  bash  CentOS7-Base-163.repo  link  shell  test  test.txt

 一樣,也支持多條參數：  多條命令最後用雙引號括住,而後用分號分割則能夠：

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./3.expect 56888 root 192.168.149.129 "ls;w"
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
Last login: Thu Oct  4 06:32:46 2018 from 192.168.149.130
[root@localhost_02 ~]# ls;w
1  anaconda-ks.cfg  bash  CentOS7-Base-163.repo  link  shell  test  test.txt
 06:32:57 up 19:42,  2 users,  load average: 0.42, 0.23, 0.16
USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     pts/0    192.168.149.130  06:32    1.00s  0.02s  0.01s w
root     pts/1    192.168.149.135  00:33   26:57   0.03s  0.03s -bash

註釋：若是是執行多條命令的話,也能夠傳遞多個參數,若是要是把多個命令當成一個參數來傳遞的話,則須要用雙引號引發來,而且用分號分割才能夠：

一樣：當咱們傳遞第四個參數時:  vmstat模式超時時間是10秒：

[root@localhost_01 sbin]# ./3.expect 56888 root 192.168.149.129 "w;vmstat 1"
spawn ssh -p 56888 root@192.168.149.129
root@192.168.149.129's password: 
Last failed login: Thu Oct  4 06:56:10 CST 2018 from 192.168.149.130 on ssh:notty
There were 2 failed login attempts since the last successful login.
Last login: Thu Oct  4 06:37:26 2018 from 192.168.149.130
[root@localhost_02 ~]# w;vmstat 1
 07:07:33 up 20:17,  2 users,  load average: 0.01, 0.19, 0.20
USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     pts/0    192.168.149.130  07:07    0.00s  0.03s  0.03s w
root     pts/1    192.168.149.135  00:33    1:01m  0.03s  0.03s -bash
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 3  0      0 1026092   2076 240768    0    0     3    42   61  101  0  0 99  1  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   37   78  0  1 99  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   42   84  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   42   82  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0    10   54   90  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   37   78  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0   103   43  104  0  1 99  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   45   86  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   37   74  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   34   72  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   33   70  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 1026108   2076 240820    0    0     0     0   35   80  0  0 100  0  0
十秒後自動超時：

註釋：也能夠設置永不超時：  須要在執行命令(也就是第四個參數)後面添加    set   timeout  -1

expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
#set timeout -1             #表示永不超時：
#set timeout  5             #也能夠手動指定具體的秒數:  本次5ms：  
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"