1、yum命令的基本安裝功能html
[root@localhost ~]# man yumcentos
command is one of:bash
* install package1 [package2] [...]: install + 包名服務器
yum -y: 安裝時自動回答爲yes session
* reinstall package1 [package2] [...]: 從新安裝ide
*** 補充rmp命令:rpm -ql + 包名 : 查詢包安裝生成的文件清單工具
rpm -qf + /path/to/file_name: 查詢某文件是由哪一個軟件包生成的this
* provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]spa
使用yum來查詢軟件包生成哪些文件,以及文件是由哪一個軟件包生成的。debug
* update [package1] [package2] [...]: 升級版本,可加多個包
* update-to [package1] [package2] [...]: 指定升級到哪一個版本
* downgrade package1 [package2] [...] : 降級
* check-update: 安裝前檢查有哪些能夠升級的軟件包
* upgrade [package1] [package2] [...]
* upgrade-to [package1] [package2] [...]
這兩個命令已經被update取代了
* remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]
清除軟件包:使用yum來清除包會同時清除它被依賴的包
* search string1 [string2] [...] : 只記得部分字符,能夠進行模糊查詢
* groupinstall group1 [group2] [...] :組安裝:
1) 針對RHEL 6:
Development tools + Server Platform Development + Desktop Platform Development
2) 針對RHEL 5:
Development tools + development libraries
安裝了這些這些組以後,就能夠編譯rpm包了,即將源碼製做成二進制格式包
* groupupdate group1 [group2] [...] 升級組
* groupremove group1 [group2] [...] 移除組
* localinstall yum除了能夠自動安裝外,也能夠將軟件包下載到本地,而後手動安裝
1)RHEL 6:
統一使用yum install 來安裝便可
2)RHEL 5:
須要使用yum localinstall 來安裝,一樣手動升級可使用yum localupdate,RHEL6處於兼容性需求,也支持這樣的用法。
yum安裝軟件包最大的優點在於能夠自動解決依賴關係
-- nogpgcheck :
對比rpm包,yum即便使用了localinstall,也會檢查軟件包的來源合法性,若是密鑰沒法匹配,則下載到本地的軟件包也沒法使用yum安裝,故可使用長選項 --nogpgcheck來避免檢查
* history : 查看此前的安裝卸載等操做歷史
2、yum命令安裝實例演示
/*-------- (1) 基本安裝 --------*/
[root@localhost ~]# yum install bind-chroot
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Install Process Package 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do # 已經安裝了最新版,無需安裝
如今先卸載這個軟件包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e bind-chroot
grep: /etc/sysconfig/named: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e bind-chroot --force
rpm: only installation, upgrading, rmsource and rmspec may be forced
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e bind-chroot
error: package bind-chroot is not installed
[root@localhost ~]# yum install bind-chroot
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package bind-chroot.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: bind = 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 for package: 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution #依賴關係自動解決 Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================== Installing: bind-chroot x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 base 71 k Installing for dependencies: bind x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 base 4.0 M Transaction Summary ========================================================================= Install 2 Package(s) Total download size: 4.0 M Installed size: 7.3 M Is this ok [y/N]: # 輸入y表示安裝,N表示不安裝,默認爲不安裝,yum可使用-y自動回答安裝 Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 42 MB/s | 4.0 MB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. Installing : 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 1/2 Installing : 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 2/2 Installed: bind-chroot.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 Dependency Installed: bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 Complete!
/*-------- (2) 從新安裝 --------*/
[root@localhost ~]# yum install bind
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Install Process Package 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do # 提示已經安裝過了
[root@localhost ~]# yum reinstall bind
# 不管是否安裝,都會從新安裝一遍 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Reinstall Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be reinstalled --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size =========================================================================== Reinstalling: bind x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 base 4.0 M Transaction Summary =============================================================================== Reinstall 1 Package(s) Total download size: 4.0 M Installed size: 7.3 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 1/1 Installed: bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 Complete!
/*-------- (3) 卸載軟件包 --------*/
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove bind
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Remove Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be erased --> Processing Dependency: bind = 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 for package: 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package bind-chroot.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================== Removing: bind x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 @base 7.3 M Removing for dependencies: bind-chroot x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 @base 0.0 # 清除bind的同時會清除bind-chroot,由於bind-chroot是依賴於bind的 Transaction Summary ============================================================================== Remove 2 Package(s) Installed size: 7.3 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Erasing : 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 1/2 Erasing : 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 2/2 warning: /etc/sysconfig/named saved as /etc/sysconfig/named.rpmsave Verifying : 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 2/2 Removed: bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 Dependency Removed: bind-chroot.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 Complete!
/*-------- (4)軟件包安裝信息查詢 --------*/
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qf /etc/inittab
initscripts-9.03.40-2.el6.centos.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qf /etc/fstab
setup-2.8.14-20.el6_4.1.noarch
[root@localhost ~]# yum provides /etc/fstab
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile setup-2.8.14-20.el6_4.1.noarch : A set of system configuration and setup files # 此包生成了/etc/fstab Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /etc/fstab setup-2.8.14-20.el6_4.1.noarch : A set of system configuration and setup files Repo : installed Matched from: Other : Provides-match: /etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# yum provides /etc/named.conf
#也能夠顯示沒有安裝的文件 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 : The Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) DNS (Domain Name System) : server # 這個包以前被卸載了,這裏顯示的是服務器倉庫上的包 Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /etc/named.conf
/*-------- (5) 模糊匹配查詢 --------*/
[root@localhost ~]# yum search init
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile ==============================N/S Matched: init =============================== initscripts.x86_64 : The inittab file and the /etc/init.d scripts iscsi-initiator-utils-devel.x86_64 : Development files for ... upstart.x86_64 : An event-driven init system xhtml1-dtds.noarch : XHTML 1.0 document type definitions xorg-x11-xinit-session.x86_64 : Display manager support for ~/.xsession and ~/.Xclients Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
/*-------- (6) 安裝包組 --------*/
一般安裝開發環境,爲避免依賴關係,一般須要安裝三個組:Development tools; Server Platform Development; Desktop Platform Development
[root@localhost ~]# yum grouplist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Group Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile base/group_gz | 220 kB 00:00 ... Installed Groups: Additional Development Base Debugging Tools ... Web Server X Window System Installed Language Groups: Arabic Support [ar] ... Venda Support [ve] Available Groups: Backup Client ... iSCSI Storage Client Available Language Groups: Afrikaans Support [af] ... Zulu Support [zu] Done
[root@localhost~]#yum -y groupinstall "Development tools" "Server Platform Development" "Desktop Platform Development"
... pixman-devel x86_64 0.26.2-5.el6_4 base 18 k ppl x86_64 0.10.2-11.el6 base 1.3 M systemtap-client x86_64 2.3-3.el6 base 3.4 M systemtap-devel x86_64 2.3-3.el6 base 1.4 M xorg-x11-proto-devel noarch 7.6-25.el6 base 274 k yajl x86_64 1.0.7-3.el6 base 27 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================== Install 115 Package(s) Total download size: 123 M Installed size: 404 M ... systemtap-devel.x86_64 0:2.3-3.el6 xorg-x11-proto-devel.noarch 0:7.6-25.el6 yajl.x86_64 0:1.0.7-3.el6 Complete!
/*-------- (7) 經過yum下載到本地,而後手動安裝軟件包 --------*/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /media/cdrom/Packages/
[root@localhost Packages]# yum install bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64.rpm
# 這個包已經下載到本地了,所以再也不從服務器下載 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Install Process Examining bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64.rpm: 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 Marking bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ========================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ========================================================================================== Installing: bind x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 /bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 7.3 M Transaction Summary ========================================================================================== Install 1 Package(s) Total size: 7.3 M Installed size: 7.3 M Is this ok [y/N]: N
[root@localhost Packages]# yum localinstall bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Local Package Process Examining bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64.rpm: 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 Marking bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64.rpm to be installed Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package bind-chroot.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: bind = 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 for package: 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution # 能夠看到使用localinstall 也會自動解決依賴關係 Dependencies Resolved ========================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ========================================================================================== Installing: bind-chroot x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 /bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 0.0 Installing for dependencies: bind x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 base 4.0 M Transaction Summary ========================================================================================== Install 2 Package(s) Total download size: 4.0 M Installed size: 7.3 M Is this ok [y/N]: n Exiting on user Command
/*-------- (8) 查看yum命令的歷史記錄 --------*/
[root@localhost ~]# yum history
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security ID | Login user | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 | root <root> | 2014-08-17 06:53 | Install | 115 4 | root <root> | 2014-08-17 06:37 | Erase | 2 EE 3 | root <root> | 2014-08-17 06:20 | Reinstall | 1 2 | root <root> | 2014-08-17 06:16 | Install | 2 < 1 | System <unset> | 2014-07-09 21:22 | Install | 1205 > history list
/*-------- (9) 使用yum安裝lftp工具包 --------*/
如今來安裝一個比較經常使用的ftp工具包 lftp:
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql lftp
# 首先檢查這個軟件包有沒有安裝 package lftp is not installed
[root@localhost ~]# yum install lftp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package lftp.x86_64 0:4.0.9-1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================= Installing: lftp x86_64 4.0.9-1.el6 cdrom-centos6 753 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package(s) Total download size: 753 k Installed size: 2.5 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : lftp-4.0.9-1.el6.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : lftp-4.0.9-1.el6.x86_64 1/1 Installed: lftp.x86_64 0:4.0.9-1.el6 Complete!
安裝完成,如今可使用lftp來ping服務器了:
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:CA:DF:46 inet addr:192.168.56.103 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 # 本機的IP地址 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:feca:df46/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:114790 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:46931 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:10065569 (9.5 MiB) TX bytes:12450568 (11.8 MiB)
[root@localhost ~]# lftp 192.168.56.103
lftp 192.168.56.103:~> pwd ftp://192.168.56.103 # 查看登錄的站點 lftp 192.168.56.103:~> !pwd /root #查看本地目錄
lftp可以使用的基本命令有:
get: 下載單個文件
mget:下載多個文件
mirror:鏡像一個目錄到本地
bye:退出
cd:切換目錄
pwd:查看當前位置