經常使用MySQL操做（一）
第二十四次課 經常使用MySQL操做（一）
目錄html
1、設置更改root密碼
2、鏈接mysql
3、mysql經常使用命令
4、mysql用戶管理
5、經常使用sql語句
6、mysql數據庫備份恢復
7、擴展mysql
1、設置更改root密碼
由於編譯安裝時指定的mysql安裝目錄在/usr/local/mysql, 不在環境變量PATH內，因此須要設置PATH，不然不能直接調用Mysql.linux
//修改/etc/profile文件，在文件末尾添加 [root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/profile //文件末尾添加下行內容 export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH //使配置文件生效 [root@localhost mysql]# source !$ source /etc/profile //驗證 [root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
能夠看到，默認新安裝的mysql管理員賬戶root是沒有密碼的。因此須要給管理員賬戶root設置一個密碼。web
//爲root用戶設置密碼 root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password '123456' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. //重啓mysql服務使新密碼生效 [root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
有的時候須要更改已知的mysql密碼，過程以下：sql
//更改mysql登陸密碼，當即生效 [root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'123456' password 'Aa123456' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 12 Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
在mysql的使用過程當中也可能會碰到mysql密碼被遺忘的狀況，解決方法以下：數據庫
//編輯mysql的配置文件，
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
...略...
[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
//增長此內容
skip-grant
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
# socket = .....
...略...
//重啓mysql服務器，並登陸
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
//mysql的用戶密碼存在mysql數據庫的user表中
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
mysql> desc user;
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | |
| Password | char(41) | NO | | | |
| Select_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Update_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Reload_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Shutdown_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Process_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| File_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| References_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Index_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_db_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Super_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Lock_tables_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Repl_slave_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Repl_client_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_user_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Event_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Trigger_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tablespace_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| ssl_type | enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') | NO | | | |
| ssl_cipher | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_issuer | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_subject | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| max_questions | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_updates | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_user_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| plugin | char(64) | YES | | mysql_native_password | |
| authentication_string | text | YES | | NULL | |
| password_expired | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
43 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> select user,password from user where user='root';
+------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | password |
+------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | *4A488726AE5A0B0F0DB967998EE12D87F25C9610 |
| root | |
| root | |
| root | |
+------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//更新密碼爲123456
mysql> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
//刪除my.conf中的skip-grant
vim /etc/my.conf
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
2、鏈接mysql
mysql主要有4種鏈接方式vim
1.mysql -uroot -p123456安全
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye
2.mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1 -P3306bash
//ip和端口鏈接方式 [root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntlup | grep :3306 tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 2664/mysqld [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456' -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> exit Bye
3.mysql -uroot -p123456 -S/tmp/mysql.sock服務器
//socket方式，其實與第一種是同樣的 [root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep mysql | grep socket mysql 2923 13.2 45.0 1296312 450836 pts/1 Sl 22:46 0:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456' -S '/tmp/mysql.sock' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye
4.mysql -uroot -p123456 -e sql_command
//這種方式能夠直接在命令行上執行sql查詢，能夠用在bash腳本的編寫中 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456' -e 'select user,password from mysql.user' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +------+-------------------------------------------+ | user | password | +------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | | | | | | +------+-------------------------------------------+
3、mysql經常使用命令
查詢庫
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
切換數據庫
//切換庫結尾能夠不帶;號 mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed
查看數據庫的表
mysql> show tables; +---------------------------+ | Tables_in_mysql | +---------------------------+ | columns_priv | | db | | event | | func | | general_log | | help_category | | help_keyword | | help_relation | | help_topic | | innodb_index_stats | | innodb_table_stats | | ndb_binlog_index | | plugin | | proc | | procs_priv | | proxies_priv | | servers | | slave_master_info | | slave_relay_log_info | | slave_worker_info | | slow_log | | tables_priv | | time_zone | | time_zone_leap_second | | time_zone_name | | time_zone_transition | | time_zone_transition_type | | user | +---------------------------+ 28 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看錶的結構
mysql> desc user;
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | |
| Password | char(41) | NO | | | |
| Select_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Update_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Reload_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Shutdown_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Process_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| File_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| References_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Index_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_db_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Super_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Lock_tables_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Repl_slave_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Repl_client_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_user_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Event_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Trigger_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tablespace_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| ssl_type | enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') | NO | | | |
| ssl_cipher | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_issuer | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_subject | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| max_questions | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_updates | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_user_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| plugin | char(64) | YES | | mysql_native_password | |
| authentication_string | text | YES | | NULL | |
| password_expired | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
43 rows in set (0.01 sec)
建立數據庫
mysql> create database dbtest; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
建立在數據庫中建立表
//注意是反引號 mysql> create table tb1(`id` int(4),`name` char(40)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
查看建表語句
// \G表明橫向顯示
//如需建表時設定字符集，能夠在create table語句後加上‘ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8’，utf-8替換爲相應的字符集
mysql> show create table tb1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: tb1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `tb1` (
`id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
查看當前用戶
mysql> select user(); +----------------+ | user() | +----------------+ | root@localhost | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看當前數據庫
Database changed mysql> select database(); +------------+ | database() | +------------+ | mysql | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
查看數據庫版本
mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.6.36 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看數據庫狀態
mysql> show status; +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ | Aborted_clients | 0 | | Aborted_connects | 0 | | Binlog_cache_disk_use | 0 | | Binlog_cache_use | 0 | | Binlog_stmt_cache_disk_use | 0 | | Binlog_stmt_cache_use | 0 | | Bytes_received | 1011 | | Bytes_sent | 21949 | | Com_admin_commands | 0 | | Com_assign_to_keycache | 0 | | Com_alter_db | 0 | | Com_alter_db_upgrade | 0 | | Com_alter_event | 0 | | Com_alter_function | 0 | | Com_alter_procedure | 0 | | Com_alter_server | 0 | | Com_alter_table | 0 | | Com_alter_tablespace | 0 | | Com_alter_user | 0 | | Com_analyze | 0 | | Com_begin | 0 | | Com_binlog | 0 | | Com_call_procedure | 0 | | Com_change_db | 1 | | Com_change_master | 0 | | Com_check | 0 | | Com_checksum | 0 | | Com_commit | 0 | | Com_create_db | 0 | | Com_create_event | 0 | | Com_create_function | 0 | | Com_create_index | 0 | | Com_create_procedure | 0 | | Com_create_server | 0 | | Com_create_table | 0 | | Com_create_trigger | 0 | | Com_create_udf | 0 | | Com_create_user | 0 | | Com_create_view | 0 | | Com_dealloc_sql | 0 | | Com_delete | 0 | | Com_delete_multi | 0 | | Com_do | 0 | | Com_drop_db | 0 | | Com_drop_event | 0 | | Com_drop_function | 0 | | Com_drop_index | 0 | | Com_drop_procedure | 0 | | Com_drop_server | 0 | | Com_drop_table | 0 | | Com_drop_trigger | 0 | | Com_drop_user | 0 | | Com_drop_view | 0 | | Com_empty_query | 0 | | Com_execute_sql | 0 | | Com_flush | 0 | | Com_get_diagnostics | 0 | | Com_grant | 0 | | Com_ha_close | 0 | | Com_ha_open | 0 | | Com_ha_read | 0 | | Com_help | 0 | | Com_insert | 0 | | Com_insert_select | 0 | | Com_install_plugin | 0 | | Com_kill | 0 | | Com_load | 0 | | Com_lock_tables | 0 | | Com_optimize | 0 | | Com_preload_keys | 0 | | Com_prepare_sql | 0 | | Com_purge | 0 | | Com_purge_before_date | 0 | | Com_release_savepoint | 0 | | Com_rename_table | 0 | | Com_rename_user | 0 | | Com_repair | 0 | | Com_replace | 0 | | Com_replace_select | 0 | | Com_reset | 0 | | Com_resignal | 0 | | Com_revoke | 0 | | Com_revoke_all | 0 | | Com_rollback | 0 | | Com_rollback_to_savepoint | 0 | | Com_savepoint | 0 | | Com_select | 5 | | Com_set_option | 0 | | Com_signal | 0 | | Com_show_binlog_events | 0 | | Com_show_binlogs | 0 | | Com_show_charsets | 0 | | Com_show_collations | 0 | | Com_show_create_db | 0 | | Com_show_create_event | 0 | | Com_show_create_func | 0 | | Com_show_create_proc | 0 | | Com_show_create_table | 0 | | Com_show_create_trigger | 0 | | Com_show_databases | 2 | | Com_show_engine_logs | 0 | | Com_show_engine_mutex | 0 | | Com_show_engine_status | 0 | | Com_show_events | 0 | | Com_show_errors | 0 | | Com_show_fields | 28 | | Com_show_function_code | 0 | | Com_show_function_status | 0 | | Com_show_grants | 0 | | Com_show_keys | 0 | | Com_show_master_status | 0 | | Com_show_open_tables | 0 | | Com_show_plugins | 0 | | Com_show_privileges | 0 | | Com_show_procedure_code | 0 | | Com_show_procedure_status | 0 | | Com_show_processlist | 0 | | Com_show_profile | 0 | | Com_show_profiles | 0 | | Com_show_relaylog_events | 0 | | Com_show_slave_hosts | 0 | | Com_show_slave_status | 0 | | Com_show_status | 1 | | Com_show_storage_engines | 0 | | Com_show_table_status | 0 | | Com_show_tables | 1 | | Com_show_triggers | 0 | | Com_show_variables | 0 | | Com_show_warnings | 0 | | Com_slave_start | 0 | | Com_slave_stop | 0 | | Com_stmt_close | 0 | | Com_stmt_execute | 0 | | Com_stmt_fetch | 0 | | Com_stmt_prepare | 0 | | Com_stmt_reprepare | 0 | | Com_stmt_reset | 0 | | Com_stmt_send_long_data | 0 | | Com_truncate | 0 | | Com_uninstall_plugin | 0 | | Com_unlock_tables | 0 | | Com_update | 0 | | Com_update_multi | 0 | | Com_xa_commit | 0 | | Com_xa_end | 0 | | Com_xa_prepare | 0 | | Com_xa_recover | 0 | | Com_xa_rollback | 0 | | Com_xa_start | 0 | | Compression | OFF | | Connection_errors_accept | 0 | | Connection_errors_internal | 0 | | Connection_errors_max_connections | 0 | | Connection_errors_peer_address | 0 | | Connection_errors_select | 0 | | Connection_errors_tcpwrap | 0 | | Connections | 6 | | Created_tmp_disk_tables | 0 | | Created_tmp_files | 5 | | Created_tmp_tables | 3 | | Delayed_errors | 0 | | Delayed_insert_threads | 0 | | Delayed_writes | 0 | | Flush_commands | 1 | | Handler_commit | 0 | | Handler_delete | 0 | | Handler_discover | 0 | | Handler_external_lock | 0 | | Handler_mrr_init | 0 | | Handler_prepare | 0 | | Handler_read_first | 0 | | Handler_read_key | 0 | | Handler_read_last | 0 | | Handler_read_next | 0 | | Handler_read_prev | 0 | | Handler_read_rnd | 0 | | Handler_read_rnd_next | 41 | | Handler_rollback | 0 | | Handler_savepoint | 0 | | Handler_savepoint_rollback | 0 | | Handler_update | 0 | | Handler_write | 38 | | Innodb_buffer_pool_dump_status | not started | | Innodb_buffer_pool_load_status | not started | | Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data | 170 | | Innodb_buffer_pool_bytes_data | 2785280 | | Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_dirty | 0 | | Innodb_buffer_pool_bytes_dirty | 0 | | Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_flushed | 17 | | Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free | 8021 | | Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_misc | 0 | | Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total | 8191 | | Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_rnd | 0 | | Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead | 0 | | Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_evicted | 0 | | Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests | 696 | | Innodb_buffer_pool_reads | 167 | | Innodb_buffer_pool_wait_free | 0 | | Innodb_buffer_pool_write_requests | 47 | | Innodb_data_fsyncs | 17 | | Innodb_data_pending_fsyncs | 0 | | Innodb_data_pending_reads | 0 | | Innodb_data_pending_writes | 0 | | Innodb_data_read | 2805760 | | Innodb_data_reads | 182 | | Innodb_data_writes | 18 | | Innodb_data_written | 564224 | | Innodb_dblwr_pages_written | 17 | | Innodb_dblwr_writes | 2 | | Innodb_have_atomic_builtins | ON | | Innodb_log_waits | 0 | | Innodb_log_write_requests | 8 | | Innodb_log_writes | 4 | | Innodb_os_log_fsyncs | 7 | | Innodb_os_log_pending_fsyncs | 0 | | Innodb_os_log_pending_writes | 0 | | Innodb_os_log_written | 5632 | | Innodb_page_size | 16384 | | Innodb_pages_created | 4 | | Innodb_pages_read | 166 | | Innodb_pages_written | 17 | | Innodb_row_lock_current_waits | 0 | | Innodb_row_lock_time | 0 | | Innodb_row_lock_time_avg | 0 | | Innodb_row_lock_time_max | 0 | | Innodb_row_lock_waits | 0 | | Innodb_rows_deleted | 0 | | Innodb_rows_inserted | 0 | | Innodb_rows_read | 0 | | Innodb_rows_updated | 0 | | Innodb_num_open_files | 9 | | Innodb_truncated_status_writes | 0 | | Innodb_available_undo_logs | 128 | | Key_blocks_not_flushed | 0 | | Key_blocks_unused | 6698 | | Key_blocks_used | 0 | | Key_read_requests | 0 | | Key_reads | 0 | | Key_write_requests | 0 | | Key_writes | 0 | | Last_query_cost | 0.000000 | | Last_query_partial_plans | 0 | | Max_used_connections | 1 | | Not_flushed_delayed_rows | 0 | | Open_files | 46 | | Open_streams | 0 | | Open_table_definitions | 81 | | Open_tables | 81 | | Opened_files | 167 | | Opened_table_definitions | 0 | | Opened_tables | 0 | | Performance_schema_accounts_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_cond_classes_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_cond_instances_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_digest_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_file_classes_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_file_handles_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_file_instances_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_hosts_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_locker_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_mutex_classes_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_mutex_instances_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_rwlock_classes_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_rwlock_instances_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_session_connect_attrs_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_socket_classes_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_socket_instances_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_stage_classes_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_statement_classes_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_table_handles_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_table_instances_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_thread_classes_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_thread_instances_lost | 0 | | Performance_schema_users_lost | 0 | | Prepared_stmt_count | 0 | | Qcache_free_blocks | 1 | | Qcache_free_memory | 1031360 | | Qcache_hits | 0 | | Qcache_inserts | 0 | | Qcache_lowmem_prunes | 0 | | Qcache_not_cached | 13 | | Qcache_queries_in_cache | 0 | | Qcache_total_blocks | 1 | | Queries | 103 | | Questions | 43 | | Select_full_join | 0 | | Select_full_range_join | 0 | | Select_range | 0 | | Select_range_check | 0 | | Select_scan | 3 | | Slave_heartbeat_period | | | Slave_last_heartbeat | | | Slave_open_temp_tables | 0 | | Slave_received_heartbeats | | | Slave_retried_transactions | | | Slave_running | OFF | | Slow_launch_threads | 0 | | Slow_queries | 0 | | Sort_merge_passes | 0 | | Sort_range | 0 | | Sort_rows | 0 | | Sort_scan | 0 | | Ssl_accept_renegotiates | 0 | | Ssl_accepts | 0 | | Ssl_callback_cache_hits | 0 | | Ssl_cipher | | | Ssl_cipher_list | | | Ssl_client_connects | 0 | | Ssl_connect_renegotiates | 0 | | Ssl_ctx_verify_depth | 0 | | Ssl_ctx_verify_mode | 0 | | Ssl_default_timeout | 0 | | Ssl_finished_accepts | 0 | | Ssl_finished_connects | 0 | | Ssl_server_not_after | | | Ssl_server_not_before | | | Ssl_session_cache_hits | 0 | | Ssl_session_cache_misses | 0 | | Ssl_session_cache_mode | NONE | | Ssl_session_cache_overflows | 0 | | Ssl_session_cache_size | 0 | | Ssl_session_cache_timeouts | 0 | | Ssl_sessions_reused | 0 | | Ssl_used_session_cache_entries | 0 | | Ssl_verify_depth | 0 | | Ssl_verify_mode | 0 | | Ssl_version | | | Table_locks_immediate | 71 | | Table_locks_waited | 0 | | Table_open_cache_hits | 28 | | Table_open_cache_misses | 0 | | Table_open_cache_overflows | 0 | | Tc_log_max_pages_used | 0 | | Tc_log_page_size | 0 | | Tc_log_page_waits | 0 | | Threads_cached | 0 | | Threads_connected | 1 | | Threads_created | 1 | | Threads_running | 1 | | Uptime | 2550 | | Uptime_since_flush_status | 2550 | +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ 341 rows in set (0.01 sec)
查看數據庫參數
mysql> show variables\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Variable_name: auto_increment_increment
Value: 1
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Variable_name: auto_increment_offset
Value: 1
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Variable_name: autocommit
Value: ON
*************************** 4. row ***************************
Variable_name: automatic_sp_privileges
Value: ON
...中間略...
*************************** 448. row ***************************
Variable_name: version
Value: 5.6.36
*************************** 449. row ***************************
Variable_name: version_comment
Value: Source distribution
*************************** 450. row ***************************
Variable_name: version_compile_machine
Value: x86_64
*************************** 451. row ***************************
Variable_name: version_compile_os
Value: Linux
*************************** 452. row ***************************
Variable_name: wait_timeout
Value: 28800
*************************** 453. row ***************************
Variable_name: warning_count
Value: 0
453 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看具體的數據庫參數
//%號和like結合使用，%是通配符 mysql> show variables like 'max_connect%'; +--------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------+-------+ | max_connect_errors | 100 | | max_connections | 151 | +--------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.02 sec)
臨時設定參數
mysql> set global max_connect_errors=1000; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> show variables like 'max_connect%'; +--------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------+-------+ | max_connect_errors | 1000 | | max_connections | 151 | +--------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) //退出後重啓mysql服務，參數失效 mysql> quit Bye [root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show variables like 'max_connect%'; +--------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------+-------+ | max_connect_errors | 100 | | max_connections | 151 | +--------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.02 sec) mysql>
永久修改參數值
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf //在[mysqld]下添加相應的參數 max_connect_errors=1000 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.^[[A^[[A SUCCESS! [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show variables like 'max_connect%'; +--------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------+-------+ | max_connect_errors | 1000 | | max_connections | 151 | +--------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
查看隊列
mysql> show processlist; +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 1 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | init | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) //查看完整進程隊列 mysql> show full processlist; +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ | 1 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | init | show full processlist | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4、mysql用戶管理
mysql安裝完之後默認只有一個root管理用戶，最高權限。不利於安全管理。須要根據須要建立不一樣用戶。
//建立用戶並授予所有權限 mysql> grant all on *.* to 'user01' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) //用新賬戶登陸 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uuser01 -p Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'user01'@'localhost' (using password: YES) //系統中存在空賬戶致使，刪除多餘空賬戶 mysql> select User,Password from user; +--------+-------------------------------------------+ | User | Password | +--------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | | | | | | | user01 | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | +--------+-------------------------------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> delete from user where user=''; Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select User,Password from user; +--------+-------------------------------------------+ | User | Password | +--------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | user01 | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | +--------+-------------------------------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec) //該句必定要執行 mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; mysql> exit Bye [root@localhost ~]# mysql -u user01 -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 19 Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. //授予部分權限 //授予user08用戶mysql數據庫，user表查詢，更新和插入的權限 mysql> grant SELECT,UPDATE,INSERT on mysql.user to 'user08' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show database; ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'database' at line 1 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | test | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) //由於對user表有權限，其餘表都看不到 mysql> show tables; +-----------------+ | Tables_in_mysql | +-----------------+ | user | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) //限制能夠從哪一個ip登陸訪問 //@後的部分能夠指定能夠訪問的來源，%表示任意地址 //注意@先後的引號 mysql> grant all on *.* to 'user09'@'127.0.0.1' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> exit Bye [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uuser09 -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 49 Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uuser09 -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'user09'@'localhost' (using password: YES) [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uuser09 -p -h10.0.1.241 Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'user09'@'10.0.1.241' (using password: YES) //從新受權 mysql> show grants for user09@127.0.0.1; +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for user09@127.0.0.1 | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user09'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user09'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uuser09 -p123456 -h127.0.0.1 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 62 Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> exit Bye [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uuser09 -p123456 -hlocalhost Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 63 Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> exit Bye [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uuser09 -p123456 -h10.0.1.241 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 64 Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. //顯示受權 mysql> show grants; +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for user09@% | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user09'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select user(); +-------------------+ | user() | +-------------------+ | user09@10.0.1.241 | +-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) //顯示某用戶的受權 mysql> show grants for 'user06'@'%'; +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for user06@% | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user06'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5、經常使用sql語句
1.查詢
//查詢語句select
//count()函數統計行數
//mysql.user指定mysql數據庫，user表
mysql> select count(*) from mysql.user;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 11 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from mysql.db\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: %
Db: test
User:
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Host: %
Db: test\_%
User:
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc db;
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| Db | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | |
| Select_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Update_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| References_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Index_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Lock_tables_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Event_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Trigger_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
22 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select db from db;
+---------+
| db |
+---------+
| test |
| test\_% |
+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select db,user from db;
+---------+------+
| db | user |
+---------+------+
| test | |
| test\_% | |
+---------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user from mysql.user where user like 'user%';
+--------+
| user |
+--------+
| user01 |
| user02 |
| user03 |
| user06 |
| user08 |
| user09 |
| user09 |
+--------+
2.插入
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | dbtest | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use dbtest; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables_in_dbtest | +------------------+ | tb1 | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> desc db1; ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'dbtest.db1' doesn't exist mysql> desc tb1; +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(4) | YES | | NULL | | | name | char(40) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) //插入數據 mysql> insert into tb1 values(1,'long'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into tb1 values(2,'oooo'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> insert into tb1 values(3,'ccc'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from tb1; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | long | | 2 | oooo | | 3 | ccc | +------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.更新
//這裏更新mysql數據庫user表user08用戶的密碼
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> desc user;
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | |
| Password | char(41) | NO | | | |
| Select_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Update_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Reload_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Shutdown_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Process_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| File_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| References_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Index_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_db_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Super_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Lock_tables_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Repl_slave_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Repl_client_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_user_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Event_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Trigger_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tablespace_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| ssl_type | enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') | NO | | | |
| ssl_cipher | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_issuer | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_subject | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| max_questions | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_updates | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_user_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| plugin | char(64) | YES | | mysql_native_password | |
| authentication_string | text | YES | | NULL | |
| password_expired | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
43 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select user,password from user where user='user08';
+--------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | password |
+--------+-------------------------------------------+
| user08 | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
+--------+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update user set password=password('Aa123456') where user='user08';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select user,password from user where user='user08';
+--------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | password |
+--------+-------------------------------------------+
| user08 | *4A488726AE5A0B0F0DB967998EE12D87F25C9610 |
+--------+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
4.刪除表中的記錄和刪除整張表
//以dbtest數據庫爲例 mysql> use dbtest; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables_in_dbtest | +------------------+ | tb1 | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from tb1; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | long | | 2 | oooo | | 3 | ccc | +------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) //刪除表中的一條記錄 mysql> delete from tb1 where id=1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> select * from tb1; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 2 | oooo | | 3 | ccc | +------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) //刪除整張表中的記錄，可是表還在。 mysql> truncate table tb1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> select * from tb1; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> desc tb1; +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(4) | YES | | NULL | | | name | char(40) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec) //刪除表，刪除數據庫都是極危險的操做。儘可能少用，刪除前必定要作備份 mysql> drop table tb1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> show tables; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop database dbtest; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
6、mysql數據庫備份恢復
小規模數據庫備份工具mysqldump,mysqldump備份方式是採用的邏輯備份，其最大的缺陷是備份和恢復速度較慢，若是數據庫大於50G，mysqldump備份就不太適合。
備份數據庫
//以mysql數據庫爲例 //備份單個數據庫 [root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 mysql >/tmp/mysql.sql [root@localhost ~]# head -n 10 /tmp/mysql.sql -- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.6.36, for Linux (x86_64) -- -- Host: localhost Database: mysql -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 5.6.36 /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
恢復數據庫
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "create database mysql2" Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show databases" Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | mysql2 | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ //恢復 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql2 </tmp/mysql.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 80 Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> use mysql2 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +---------------------------+ | Tables_in_mysql2 | +---------------------------+ | columns_priv | | db | | event | | func | | general_log | | help_category | | help_keyword | | help_relation | | help_topic | | innodb_index_stats | | innodb_table_stats | | ndb_binlog_index | | plugin | | proc | | procs_priv | | proxies_priv | | servers | | slave_master_info | | slave_relay_log_info | | slave_worker_info | | slow_log | | tables_priv | | time_zone | | time_zone_leap_second | | time_zone_name | | time_zone_transition | | time_zone_transition_type | | user | +---------------------------+ 28 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +---------------------------+ | Tables_in_mysql | +---------------------------+ | columns_priv | | db | | event | | func | | general_log | | help_category | | help_keyword | | help_relation | | help_topic | | innodb_index_stats | | innodb_table_stats | | ndb_binlog_index | | plugin | | proc | | procs_priv | | proxies_priv | | servers | | slave_master_info | | slave_relay_log_info | | slave_worker_info | | slow_log | | tables_priv | | time_zone | | time_zone_leap_second | | time_zone_name | | time_zone_transition | | time_zone_transition_type | | user | +---------------------------+ 28 rows in set (0.00 sec)
備份表
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 mysql2 user>/tmp/user.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@localhost ~]# head /tmp/user.sql -- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.6.36, for Linux (x86_64) -- -- Host: localhost Database: mysql2 -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 5.6.36 /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
恢復表
mysql> use mysql2 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +---------------------------+ | Tables_in_mysql2 | +---------------------------+ | columns_priv | | db | | event | | func | | general_log | | help_category | | help_keyword | | help_relation | | help_topic | | innodb_index_stats | | innodb_table_stats | | ndb_binlog_index | | plugin | | proc | | procs_priv | | proxies_priv | | servers | | slave_master_info | | slave_relay_log_info | | slave_worker_info | | slow_log | | tables_priv | | time_zone | | time_zone_leap_second | | time_zone_name | | time_zone_transition | | time_zone_transition_type | | user | +---------------------------+ 28 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop table user; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show tables; +---------------------------+ | Tables_in_mysql2 | +---------------------------+ | columns_priv | | db | | event | | func | | general_log | | help_category | | help_keyword | | help_relation | | help_topic | | innodb_index_stats | | innodb_table_stats | | ndb_binlog_index | | plugin | | proc | | procs_priv | | proxies_priv | | servers | | slave_master_info | | slave_relay_log_info | | slave_worker_info | | slow_log | | tables_priv | | time_zone | | time_zone_leap_second | | time_zone_name | | time_zone_transition | | time_zone_transition_type | +---------------------------+ 27 rows in set (0.00 sec) //恢復表 mysql> exit Bye [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql2 </tmp/user.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 84 Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> use mysql2 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +---------------------------+ | Tables_in_mysql2 | +---------------------------+ | columns_priv | | db | | event | | func | | general_log | | help_category | | help_keyword | | help_relation | | help_topic | | innodb_index_stats | | innodb_table_stats | | ndb_binlog_index | | plugin | | proc | | procs_priv | | proxies_priv | | servers | | slave_master_info | | slave_relay_log_info | | slave_worker_info | | slow_log | | tables_priv | | time_zone | | time_zone_leap_second | | time_zone_name | | time_zone_transition | | time_zone_transition_type | | user | +---------------------------+ 28 rows in set (0.01 sec)
備份全部的數據庫
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -A > /tmp/all_in_one.sql [root@localhost ~]# head /tmp/all_in_one.sql -- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.6.36, for Linux (x86_64) -- -- Host: localhost Database: -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 5.6.36 /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
僅備份表結構
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -d mysql>/tmp/tab_structure.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@localhost ~]# head /tmp/tab_structure.sql -- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.6.36, for Linux (x86_64) -- -- Host: localhost Database: mysql -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 5.6.36 /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
Xtrabackup是由percona開源的免費數據庫熱備份軟件，它能對InnoDB數據庫和XtraDB存儲引擎的數據庫非阻塞地備份（對於MyISAM的備份一樣須要加表鎖）。
Xtrabackup優勢
1）備份速度快，物理備份可靠
2）備份過程不會打斷正在執行的事務（無需鎖表）
3）可以基於壓縮等功能節約磁盤空間和流量
4）自動備份校驗
5）還原速度快
6）能夠流傳將備份傳輸到另一臺機器上
7）在不增長服務器負載的狀況備份數據
Xtrabackup安裝完成後有4個可執行文件，其中2個比較重要的備份工具是innobackupex、xtrabackup
1）xtrabackup 是專門用來備份InnoDB表的，和mysql server沒有交互；
2）innobackupex 是一個封裝xtrabackup的Perl腳本，支持同時備份innodb和myisam，但在對myisam備份時須要加一個全局的讀鎖。
3）xbcrypt 加密解密備份工具
4）xbstream 流傳打包傳輸工具，相似tar
備份原理
備份開始時首先會開啓一個後臺檢測進程，實時檢測mysq redo的變化，一旦發現有新的日誌寫入，馬上將日誌記入後臺日誌文件xtrabackup_log中，以後複製innodb的數據文件一系統表空間文件ibdatax，複製結束後，將執行flush tables with readlock,而後複製.frm MYI MYD等文件，最後執行unlock tables,最終中止xtrabackup_log
安裝xtrabackup
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/redhat/0.1-4/percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpm Retrieving https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/redhat/0.1-4/percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpm Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:percona-release-0.1-4 ################################# [100%] [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install percona-xtrabackup Loaded plugins: fastestmirror base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 epel/x86_64/metalink | 5.1 kB 00:00:00 ...中間略... Installed: percona-xtrabackup.x86_64 0:2.3.10-1.el7 Dependency Installed: libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 libev.x86_64 0:4.15-7.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 perl-Digest.noarch 0:1.17-245.el7 perl-Digest-MD5.x86_64 0:2.52-3.el7 perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 Complete!
徹底備份
//建立backup用戶
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant reload,lock tables,replication client on *.* to 'dbbackup'@@@'localhost' identified by 'Aa123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
//徹底備份
[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=dbbackup --password='Aa123456' -S /tmp/mysql.sock /backup
180712 21:44:41 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
...中間略...
80712 21:44:45 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
180712 21:44:45 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1677199) to (1677199) was copied.
180712 21:44:45 completed OK!
//備份完成後,會在指定的保存目錄中生成一個時間戳目錄
[root@localhost ~]# ls /backup/
2018-07-12_21-44-41
徹底備份的恢復
//模擬誤刪除數據庫
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# mv /data/mysql /data/mysql.bak
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /data/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 6 mysql mysql 173 Jul 12 21:48 mysql.bak
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/mysql
//恢復
[root@localhost ~]# ls /backup/
2018-07-12_21-44-41
[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --use-memory=512M --apply-log /backup/2018-07-12_21-44-41/
180712 21:57:52 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
...中間略...
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1677334
180712 21:57:58 completed OK!
[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --copy-back /backup/2018-07-12_21-44-41/
180712 21:59:45 innobackupex: Starting the copy-back operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the copy-back run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful copy-back run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
...中間略...
180712 21:59:49 [01] ...done
180712 21:59:49 [01] Copying ./xtrabackup_info to /data/mysql/xtrabackup_info
180712 21:59:49 [01] ...done
180712 21:59:49 completed OK!
//若是在恢復前，建目錄時就設定該權限，恢復後會沒法啓動mysql
//錯誤：Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
增量備份
//增量備份須要搭配徹底備份來實現完整備份和恢復。由於此前已經進行過數據的徹底備份，這裏再也不重複
//模擬數據庫變化
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database dbbackup_test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use dbbackup_test;
Database changed
mysql> create table dbbackup_tb1(`id` int(4),`name` char(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
//第一次增量備份
[root@localhost ~]# ls /backup/
2018-07-12_21-44-41
[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=dbbackup --password='Aa123456' -S /tmp/mysql.sock --incremental /backup --incremental-basedir=/backup/2018-07-12_21-44-41/
180712 22:39:36 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
...中間略...
180712 22:39:42 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
180712 22:39:42 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1681471) to (1681471) was copied.
180712 22:39:42 completed OK!
[root@localhost ~]# ls /backup
2018-07-12_21-44-41 2018-07-12_22-39-36
//第二次增量備份
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.36 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| dbbackup_test |
| mysql |
| mysql2 |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> use dbbackup_test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> insert into dbbackup_tb1 values(1,'long');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into dbbackup_tb1 values(1,'long');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> insert into dbbackup_tb1 values(2,'qqq');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into dbbackup_tb1 values(3,'cccc');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> delete from dbbackup_tb1 where id='1';
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# ls /backup/
2018-07-12_21-44-41 2018-07-12_22-39-36
[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=dbbackup --password='Aa123456' -S /tmp/mysql.sock --incremental /backup --incremental-basedir=/backup/2018-07-12_22-39-36/
180712 22:50:30 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
...中間略...
180712 22:50:35 [00] ...done
180712 22:50:35 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
180712 22:50:35 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1691089) to (1691089) was copied.
180712 22:50:35 completed OK!
[root@localhost ~]# ls /backup/
2018-07-12_21-44-41 2018-07-12_22-39-36 2018-07-12_22-50-30
[root@localhost ~]# cat /backup/2018-07-12_21-44-41/
backup-my.cnf ib_logfile1 performance_schema/ xtrabackup_info
ibdata1 mysql/ test/ xtrabackup_logfile
ib_logfile0 mysql2/ xtrabackup_checkpoints
[root@localhost ~]# cat /backup/2018-07-12_21-44-41/xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = full-prepared
from_lsn = 0
to_lsn = 1677199
last_lsn = 1677199
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
[root@localhost ~]# cat /backup/2018-07-12_22-39-36/xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn = 1677199
to_lsn = 1681471
last_lsn = 1681471
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
[root@localhost ~]# cat /backup/2018-07-12_22-50-30/xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn = 1681471
to_lsn = 1691089
last_lsn = 1691089
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
恢復測試
//模擬故障
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
//刪除mysql原有數據
[root@localhost ~]# mv /data/mysql /data/mysql.bak
mv: overwrite ‘/data/mysql.bak/mysql’? n
[root@localhost ~]# mv /data/mysql /data/mysql.bak.1
[root@localhost ~]# ls /data/
mysql.bak mysql.bak.1
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/mysql
//初始化全量
[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backup/2018-07-12_21-44-41
180712 23:04:06 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
innobackupex version 2.3.10 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: bd0d4403f36)
xtrabackup: cd to /backup/2018-07-12_21-44-41/
xtrabackup: This target seems to be already prepared.
xtrabackup: notice: xtrabackup_logfile was already used to '--prepare'.
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
xtrabackup: Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.
xtrabackup: Using 104857600 bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)
InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7
InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 100.0M
InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1677334
180712 23:04:06 completed OK!
//初始化第一次增量
[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backup/2018-07-12_21-44-41 --incremental-dir=/backup/2018-07-12_22-39-36
180712 23:05:30 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
...中間略...
180712 23:05:33 [00] Copying /backup/2018-07-12_22-39-36//xtrabackup_info to ./xtrabackup_info
180712 23:05:33 [00] ...done
180712 23:05:33 completed OK!
//初始化第二次增量
[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backup/2018-07-12_21-44-41 --incremental-dir=/backup/2018-07-12_22-50-30
180712 23:07:48 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
...中間略...
chema/session_account_connect_attrs.frm
180712 23:07:50 [01] ...done
180712 23:07:50 [00] Copying /backup/2018-07-12_22-50-30//xtrabackup_info to ./xtrabackup_info
180712 23:07:50 [00] ...done
180712 23:07:50 completed OK!
//
[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --copy-back /backup/2018-07-12_21-44-41
180712 23:12:12 innobackupex: Starting the copy-back operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the copy-back run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful copy-back run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
innobackupex version 2.3.10 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: bd0d4403f36)
180712 23:12:12 [01] Copying ib_logfile0 to /data/mysql/ib_logfile0
180712 23:12:13 [01] ...done
180712 23:12:14 [01] Copying ib_logfile1 to /data/mysql/ib_logfile1
180712 23:12:16 [01] ...done
180712 23:12:16 [01] Copying ibdata1 to /data/mysql/ibdata1
180712 23:12:16 [01] ...done
...中間略...
180712 23:12:19 [01] ...done
180712 23:12:19 [01] Copying ./xtrabackup_info to /data/mysql/xtrabackup_info
180712 23:12:19 [01] ...done
180712 23:12:19 completed OK!
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
7、擴展
mysql5.7 root密碼更改
http://www.apelearn.com/bbs/thread-7289-1-1.html
myisam 和innodb引擎對比
http://www.pureweber.com/article/myisam-vs-innodb/
mysql 配置詳解：
http://blog.linuxeye.com/379.html
mysql調優：
http://www.aminglinux.com/bbs/thread-5758-1-1.html
同窗分享的親身mysql調優經歷：
http://www.apelearn.com/bbs/thread-11281-1-1.html
SQL語句教程
http://www.runoob.com/sql/sql-tutorial.html
什麼是事務？事務的特性有哪些？
http://blog.csdn.net/yenange/article/details/7556094
根據binlog恢復指定時間段的數據
https://blog.csdn.net/lilongsy/article/details/74726002
mysql字符集調整 http://xjsunjie.blog.51cto.com/999372/1355013
參考：
https://www.aliyun.com/jiaocheng/1108007.html
相關文章
- 1. mysql經常使用操做
- 2. MySQL 經常使用操做
- 3. MySQL經常使用操做
- 4. mysql 經常使用操做
- 5. Mysql經常使用操做
- 6. MySql經常使用操做
- 7. MYSQL經常使用操做
- 8. 經常使用 MySQL 操做
- 9. 【Mysql】經常使用操做
- 10. Mysql 經常使用操做
- 更多相關文章...
- • 一級緩存常用操作 - Hibernate教程
- • MySQL Workbench使用教程 - MySQL教程
- • Java Agent入門實戰（一）-Instrumentation介紹與使用
- • RxJava操作符（一）Creating Observables
相關標籤/搜索
每日一句
-
每一个你不满意的现在，都有一个你没有努力的曾经。
歡迎關注本站公眾號,獲取更多信息
相關文章
- 1. mysql經常使用操做
- 2. MySQL 經常使用操做
- 3. MySQL經常使用操做
- 4. mysql 經常使用操做
- 5. Mysql經常使用操做
- 6. MySql經常使用操做
- 7. MYSQL經常使用操做
- 8. 經常使用 MySQL 操做
- 9. 【Mysql】經常使用操做
- 10. Mysql 經常使用操做