題目:實現一個計數器,能夠加一,減一,置零。主要使用了 State、Redux、React-redux 以及 React-hooks 方式。html
Demo 地址:react
import React from "react";
export default class Counter extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
value: 0
};
}
handleClick(actions) {
switch (actions) {
case "INCREASE":
return this.setState((state, props) => ({
value: ++state.value
}));
case "DECREASE":
return this.setState((state, props) => ({
value: --state.value
}));
default:
return this.setState({
value: 0
});
}
}
render() {
return (
<div> <p>{this.state.value}</p> <button onClick={() => this.handleClick("INCREASE")}>+1</button> <button onClick={() => this.handleClick("DECREASE")}>-1</button> <button onClick={() => this.handleClick("RESET")}>0</button> </div>
);
}
}
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第一步:建立 reducergit
const reducer = (state = { counter: 0 }, action) => {
switch (action.type) {
case "INCREASE":
return { counter: state.counter + 1 };
case "DECREASE":
return { counter: state.counter - 1 };
default:
return state;
}
};
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第二步:建立 actiongithub
const actions = {
increase: () => ({ type: "INCREASE" }),
decrease: () => ({ type: "DECREASE" })
};
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第三步:建立的 store,使用 createStore 方法shell
const store = createStore(reducer);
store.subscribe(() => console.log(store.getState()));
store.dispatch(actions.increase()); // {counter: 1}
store.dispatch(actions.increase()); // {counter: 2}
store.dispatch(actions.increase()); // {counter: 3}
store.dispatch(actions.decrease()); // {counter: 2}
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具體代碼以下:redux
import React from "react";
import { createStore } from "redux";
const reducer = (state = { counter: 0 }, action = {}) => {
const { type } = action;
const { counter } = state;
switch (type) {
case "INCREASE":
return { counter: counter + 1 };
case "DECREASE":
return { counter: counter - 1 };
default:
return { counter: 0 };
}
};
const store = createStore(reducer);
export default class CounterRedux extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
counter: 0
};
this.unsubscribe = null;
}
componentDidMount() {
this.unsubscribe = store.subscribe(() => {
this.setState({
counter: store.getState().counter
});
});
}
componentWillUnmount() {
// 取消訂閱
this.unsubscribe();
}
render() {
return (
<div> <h1>{this.state.counter}</h1> <button onClick={() => store.dispatch({ type: "INCREASE" })}>+1</button> <button onClick={() => store.dispatch({ type: "DECREASE" })}>-1</button> <button onClick={() => store.dispatch({ type: "RESET" })}>0</button> </div>
);
}
}
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action 能夠單獨出來:數組
const actions = {
increase: () => ({ type: "INCREASE" }),
decrease: () => ({ type: "DECREASE" }),
reset: () => ({ type: "RESET" })
};
// 觸發
<button onClick={() => store.dispatch(actions.increase())}>+1</button>;
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主要是爲了展現 redux 的一個工做流程,並無把狀態掛載在最頂層,詳細完整版能夠參考阮一峯老師的代碼:Redux Counter Example。bash
Redux 的工做流程圖,阮一峯博客文章摘錄:app
Redux 是一款狀態管理庫,而且提供了 react-redux 庫來與 React 親密配合。dom
繼續實現計數器,完整 Demo 能夠看這裏。
src 目錄下大致結構:
├── actions
│ └── counter.jsx
├── components
│ └── app.jsx
├── reducers
│ └── counter.jsx
└── store
└── app.jsx
├── index.jsx
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首先,看入口文件 index.js
:
import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import { Provider } from "react-redux";
import { createStore } from "redux";
import reducer from "./reducers/counter.jsx";
import App from "./store/app.jsx";
const store = createStore(reducer);
ReactDOM.render(
<Provider store={store}> <App /> </Provider>,
document.getElementById("root")
);
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Provider 組件,其實就是 Context 實現的,提供一個狀態供跨組件使用,只須要把 store 給他傳過去,全部的子組件就能夠經過 props 屬性拿到狀態值。
let Context = React.createContext();
class Provider extends Component {
// 將React-redux中的Provide包裝了react提供的API生成的Context.Provider
//<Provider store={xxxx}></Provider>,將store掛載在contex上
render() {
return (
<Context.Provider value={{ store: this.props.store }}> {this.props.children} //子組件 </Context.Provider> ); } } 複製代碼
Reducer 函數,它接受 Action 和當前 State 做爲參數,返回一個新的 State,內容和以前的幾乎差很少:
import reducer from "./reducers/counter.jsx";
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// ./reducers/counter.jsx
export default function reducer(state = { counter: 0 }, action = {}) {
const { counter } = state;
const { type } = action;
switch (type) {
case "INCREASE":
return { counter: counter + 1 };
case "DECREASE":
return { counter: counter - 1 };
default:
return { counter: 0 };
}
}
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React-Redux 的核心之一 connect 方法,用於從 UI 組件生成容器組件。connect 方法接受兩個參數:mapStateToProps
和 mapDispatchToProps
。它們定義了 UI 組件的業務邏輯。前者負責輸入邏輯,即將 state 映射到 UI 組件的參數(props),後者負責輸出邏輯,即將用戶對 UI 組件的操做映射成 Action。
import App from "./store/app.jsx";
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// ./store/app.jsx
import { connect } from "react-redux";
import App from "./../components/app.jsx";
import {
increaseAction,
decreaseAction,
resetAction
} from "./../actions/counter.jsx";
// mapStateToProps用戶本身定義須要的狀態
const mapStateToProps = state => ({ counter: state.counter });
const mapDispatchToProps = dispatch => ({
onIncreaseHandle: () => dispatch(increaseAction),
onDecreaseHandle: () => dispatch(decreaseAction),
onResetHandle: () => dispatch(resetAction)
});
export default connect(
mapStateToProps,
mapDispatchToProps
)(App);
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Action 的 type 屬性:
// ./../actions/counter.jsx
export const increaseAction = { type: "INCREASE" };
export const decreaseAction = { type: "DECREASE" };
export const resetAction = { type: "RESET" };
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接着,咱們看一下熟悉的 App 組件應該怎麼寫:
// import App from "./../components/app.jsx";
import React from "react";
class App extends React.Component {
render() {
let {
counter,
onIncreaseHandle,
onDecreaseHandle,
onResetHandle
} = this.props;
return (
<div> <h1>{counter}</h1> <button onClick={onIncreaseHandle}>+1</button> <button onClick={onDecreaseHandle}>-1</button> <button onClick={onResetHandle}>0</button> </div>
);
}
}
export default App;
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前期作了許多工做,這裏如同從父組件裏獲取 props 屬性般獲取、觸發等行爲,全部 store 裏的 state 都經過 connect 方法給處理了:
connect(
mapStateToProps,
mapDispatchToProps
)(App);
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到這裏,計數器基本的功能都好了,個人 Demo,阮一峯老師的 Demo,以及講解的文章,Redux 入門教程(三):React-Redux 的用法,讓 react 用起來更駕輕就熟——(react-redux)。
Hook 是 React 16.8 的新增特性。它可讓你在不編寫 class 的狀況下使用 state 以及其餘的 React 特性。
動機:
React Hooks 的設計目的,就是增強版函數組件,徹底不使用"類",就能寫出一個全功能的組件。
React Hooks 的意思是,組件儘可能寫成純函數,若是須要外部功能和反作用,就用鉤子把外部代碼"鉤"進來。 React Hooks 就是那些鉤子。
import React, { useState } from "react";
function Counter() {
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
return (
<div> <h1>{count}</h1> <button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>+1</button> <button onClick={() => setCount(count - 1)}>-1</button> <button onClick={() => setCount(0)}>0</button> </div>
);
}
export default Counter;
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對比 Class Component 中將組件狀態放在 state 屬性中維持的作法,React Hook 使用 useState 方法來在 Function Component 中建立狀態變量、建立改變狀態的方法、傳入初始狀態。這樣就實現了一個擁有本身的狀態的 Function Component。
顯而易見,不管是簡潔程度仍是優雅程度,Function Component 都要遠遠優於 Class Component。
Demo 地址: