本打算教一步步實現koa-router,由於要解釋的太多了,因此先簡化成mini版本,從實現部分功能到閱讀源碼,但願能讓你好理解一些。
但願你以前有讀過koa源碼,沒有的話,給你連接javascript
router最重要的就是路由匹配,咱們就從最核心的入手vue
router.get('/string',async (ctx, next) => { ctx.body = 'koa2 string' }) router.get('/json',async (ctx, next) => { ctx.body = 'koa2 json' })
咱們但願java
1.咱們須要一個數組,數組裏每一個都是一個對象,每一個對象包含路徑,方法,函數,傳參等信息
這個數組咱們起個名字叫stacknode
const stack = []
2.對於每個對象,咱們起名叫layer
咱們把它定義成一個函數webpack
function Layer() { }
咱們把頁面比喻成一個箱子,箱子是對外的,箱子須要有入口,須要容納。把每個router比做放在箱子裏的物件,物件是內部的git
定義兩個js頁面,router.js作爲入口,對於當前頁面的訪問的處理,layer.js包含開發者已經約定好的規則程序員
router.jsgithub
module.exports = Router; function Router(opts) { // 容納layer層 this.stack = []; };
layer.jsweb
module.exports = Layer; function Layer() { };
咱們在Router要放上許多方法,咱們能夠在Router內部掛載方法,也能夠在原型上掛載函數json
可是要考慮多可能Router要被屢次實例化,這樣裏面都要開闢一份新的空間,掛載在原型就是同一份空間。
最終決定掛載在原型上
方法有不少,咱們先實現約定幾個經常使用的吧
const methods = [ 'get', 'post', 'put', 'head', 'delete', 'options', ];
methods.forEach(function(method) { Router.prototype[method] = function(path,middleware){ // 對於path,middleware,咱們須要把它交給layer,拿到layer返回的結果 // 這裏交給另外一個函數來是實現,咱們叫它register就是暫存的意思 this.register(path, [method], middleware); // 由於get還能夠繼續get,咱們返回this return this }; });
Router.prototype.register = function (path, methods, middleware) { let stack = this.stack; let route = new Layer(path, methods, middleware); stack.push(route); return route };
這裏咱們先去寫layer
const pathToRegExp = require('path-to-regexp'); function Layer(path, methods, middleware) { // 把方法名稱放到methods數組裏 this.methods = []; // stack盛放中間件函數 this.stack = Array.isArray(middleware) ? middleware : [middleware]; // 路徑 this.path = path; // 對於這個路徑生成匹配規則,這裏藉助第三方 this.regexp = pathToRegExp(path); // methods methods.forEach(function(method) { this.methods.push(method.toUpperCase()); // 綁定layer的this,否則匿名函數的this指向window }, this); }; // 給一個原型方法match匹配返回true Layer.prototype.match = function (path) { return this.regexp.test(path); };
回到router層
定義match方法,根據Developer傳入的path, method返回 一個對象(包括是否匹配,匹配成功layer,和匹配成功的方法)
Router.prototype.match = function (path, method) { const layers = this.stack; let layer; const matched = { path: [], pathAndMethod: [], route: false }; //循環寄存好的stack層的每個layer for (var len = layers.length, i = 0; i < len; i++) { layer = layers[i]; //layer是提早存好的路徑, path是過來的path if (layer.match(path)) { // layer放入path,爲何不把path傳入,一是path已經沒用了,匹配了就夠了,layer含有更多信息須要用 matched.path.push(layer); //若是methods什麼也沒寫,或者若是方法裏含有你的過來的方法,那麼把layer放入pathAndMethod if (layer.methods.length === 0 || ~layer.methods.indexOf(method)) { matched.pathAndMethod.push(layer); // 路徑匹配,而且有方法 if (layer.methods.length) matched.route = true; } } } return matched; };
給Developer一個方法
app.use(index.routes())
這裏不考慮傳多個id,和屢次匹配狀況,拿到匹配的函數
Router.prototype.routes = function(){ var router = this; const dispatch = function dispatch(ctx, next) { const path = ctx.path const method = ctx.method const matched = router.match(path, ctx.method); if (!matched.route) return next(); const matchedLayers = matched.pathAndMethod // 先不考慮多matchedLayers多stack狀況 return matchedLayers[0].stack[0](ctx, next); } return dispatch }
此時一個迷你koa-router已經實現了
方法名匹配,路徑匹配,還要知足動態參數的傳遞
而且還要給很懶的開發者一個router.all()
也就是說不用區分方法了🙄
router .get('/', (ctx, next) => { ctx.body = 'Hello World!'; }) .post('/users', (ctx, next) => { // ... }) .put('/users/:id', (ctx, next) => { // ... }) .del('/users/:id', (ctx, next) => { // ... }) .all('/users/:id', (ctx, next) => { // ... });
爲了方便衆多的開發者使用
router.get('user', '/users/:id', (ctx, next) => { // ... }); router.url('user', 3);
以下寫法
都是一個路徑
// => "/users/3"
router.get( '/users/:id', (ctx, next) => { return User.findOne(ctx.params.id).then(function(user) ctx.user = user; next(); }); }, ctx => { console.log(ctx.user); // => { id: 17, name: "Alex" } })
var forums = new Router(); var posts = new Router(); posts.get('/', (ctx, next) => {...}); posts.get('/:pid', (ctx, next) => {...}); forums.use('/forums/:fid/posts', posts.routes(), posts.allowedMethods()); //responds to "/forums/123/posts" and "/forums/123/posts/123" app.use(forums.routes());
var router = new Router({ prefix: '/users' }); router.get('/', ...); // responds to "/users" router.get('/:id', ...); // responds to "/users/:id"
router.get('/:category/:title', (ctx, next) => { console.log(ctx.params); // => { category: 'programming', title: 'how-to-node' } });
methods.forEach(function (method) { Router.prototype[method] = function (name, path, middleware) { var middleware; if (typeof path === 'string' || path instanceof RegExp) { // 第二個參數是不是路徑,若是是路徑字符串那麼從下表[2]開始纔是中間件 middleware = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2); } else { middleware = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1); path = name; name = null; } this.register(path, [method], middleware, { name: name }); return this; }; }); //別名 Router.prototype.del = Router.prototype['delete'];
methods引用第三方包含
function getBasicNodeMethods() { return [ 'get', 'post', 'put', 'head', 'delete', 'options', 'trace', 'copy', 'lock', 'mkcol', 'move', 'purge', 'propfind', 'proppatch', 'unlock', 'report', 'mkactivity', 'checkout', 'merge', 'm-search', 'notify', 'subscribe', 'unsubscribe', 'patch', 'search', 'connect' ]; }
Router.prototype.routes = Router.prototype.middleware = function () { var router = this; var dispatch = function dispatch(ctx, next) { var path = router.opts.routerPath || ctx.routerPath || ctx.path; var matched = router.match(path, ctx.method); var layerChain, layer, i; if (ctx.matched) { ctx.matched.push.apply(ctx.matched, matched.path); } else { ctx.matched = matched.path; } // ctx掛載router ctx.router = router; if (!matched.route) return next(); // 拿到既匹配到路徑又匹配到方法的layer var matchedLayers = matched.pathAndMethod // 取出最後一個layer var mostSpecificLayer = matchedLayers[matchedLayers.length - 1] // 掛載_matchedRoute屬性 ctx._matchedRoute = mostSpecificLayer.path; // 若是有name,既以下寫法會有name, name是string // router.get('/string','/string/:1',async (ctx, next) => { // ctx.body = 'koa2 string' // }) if (mostSpecificLayer.name) { // 掛載_matchedRouteName屬性 ctx._matchedRouteName = mostSpecificLayer.name; } // layerChain就是中間件數組,目前是兩個函數 layerChain = matchedLayers.reduce(function(memo, layer) { memo.push(function(ctx, next) { ctx.captures = layer.captures(path, ctx.captures); ctx.params = layer.params(path, ctx.captures, ctx.params); // console.log('captures2', ctx.captures) // ctx.captures是 :id 的捕捉,正則匹配slice截取獲得 // ctx.params是對象 {id:1} ctx.routerName = layer.name; return next(); }); return memo.concat(layer.stack); }, []); // 中間件調用layerChain return compose(layerChain)(ctx, next); }; // routes掛載router對象 dispatch.router = this; // 每次調用routes返回一個dispatch函數(layer.stack和memo),函數還有一個屬於這個路徑下的router屬性對象 return dispatch; };
這裏使用compose-koa中間件的方式來處理傳遞多個函數和多種匹配的狀況
captures和params 處理自定義路徑傳參
實現以下需求,訪問/users/:1
在param中能拿到user
router .param('user', (user, ctx, next) => { ctx.user = user; if (!ctx.user) return ctx.status = 404; return next(); }) .get('/users/:user', ctx => { ctx.body = ctx.user; })
Router.prototype.param = function (param, middleware) { this.params[param] = middleware; this.stack.forEach(function (route) { route.param(param, middleware); }); return this; };
Layer.prototype.param = function (param, fn) { var stack = this.stack; var params = this.paramNames; var middleware = function (ctx, next) { // 第一個參數是 ctx.params[param], params拿到了user return fn.call(this, ctx.params[param], ctx, next); }; };
實現以下需求
router.get('/:category/:title', (ctx, next) => { console.log(ctx.params); // => { category: 'programming', title: 'how-to-node' } });
例子
router.get('/string/:id',async (ctx, next) => { ctx.body = 'koa2 string' })
訪問 string/1
// 拿到{id:1} ctx.params = layer.params(path, ctx.captures, ctx.params); Layer.prototype.params = function (path, captures, existingParams) { var params = existingParams || {}; for (var len = captures.length, i=0; i<len; i++) { if (this.paramNames[i]) { var c = captures[i]; // 找到name賦值 params[this.paramNames[i].name] = c ? safeDecodeURIComponent(c) : c; } } // 返回{id:1} return params; };
有興趣的能夠研究一下allowedMethods,prefix,use,redirect等原型方法,這裏已經把最核心的展現了,至此,koa源碼系列解讀完畢。
從vue源碼讀到webpack再到koa,深感源碼架構的有趣,比作業務有趣太多,有意義太多。之後源碼閱讀應該不會記錄blog了,這樣學起來太慢了。固然也會繼續研究源碼。我以爲程序員不作開源不去github貢獻源碼的人生是沒有意義的。不想當將軍的士兵不是好士兵。因此之後大部分時間會去作開源,謝謝閱讀。