2. React-Router的基本使用
3. react-router-dom源碼揭祕 - BrowserRouterhtml
Context提供了一種跨組件訪問數據的方法。它無需在組件樹間逐層傳遞屬性,也能夠方便的訪問其餘組件的數據node
在經典的React應用中,數據是父組件經過props向子組件傳遞的。可是在某些特定場合,有些數據須要在各個組件之間共享。Context爲咱們提供一種組件之間共享數據的方式,能夠避免數據在組件樹上逐層傳遞react
Context能夠在組件樹的組件之間共享「全局」數據。例如:登錄的用戶信息,用戶選擇的主題、語言等等。下面的例子中,咱們「手動」自上而下傳遞theme屬性,用來設定Button的樣式。算法
class App extends React.Component {
render() {
return <Toolbar theme="dark"></Toolbar>;
}
}
function Toolbar(props) {
// The Toolbar component must take an extra "theme" prop
// and pass it to the ThemedButton. This can become painful
// if every single button in the app needs to know the theme
// because it would have to be passed through all components.
return (
<div> <ThemedButton theme={props.theme}></ThemedButton> </div>
);
}
class ThemedButton extends React.Component {
render() {
return <Button theme={this.props.theme}></Button>;
}
}
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使用Context,咱們能夠避免經過多箇中間組件傳遞props數組
// Context lets us pass a value deep into the component tree
// without explicitly threading it through every component.
// Create a context for the current theme (with "light" as the default).
const ThemeContext = React.createContext('light');
class App extends React.Component {
render() {
// Use a Provider to pass the current theme to the tree below.
// Any component can read it, no matter how deep it is.
// In this example, we're passing "dark" as the current value.
return (
<ThemeContext.Provider value="dark">
<Toolbar></Toolbar>
</ThemeContext.Provider>
);
}
}
// A component in the middle doesn't have to
// pass the theme down explicitly anymore.
function Toolbar(props) {
return (
<div>
<ThemedButton />
</div>
);
}
class ThemedButton extends React.Component {
// Assign a contextType to read the current theme context.
// React will find the closest theme Provider above and use its value.
// In this example, the current theme is "dark".
static contextType = ThemeContext;
render() {
return <Button theme={this.context} />;
}
}
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有時候,有些數據須要被不少組件訪問,並且這些組件在組件樹的不一樣層上。Context可使咱們以「廣播」的形式,在各個組件中共享數據的改變react-router
const MyContext = React.createContext(defaultValue);
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建立一個新的Context對象。當React渲染一個組件,且該組件註冊了Context時,它將讀取父組件中,距離該組件最近的Provider組件的Context值app
defaultValue只有在「Consumer」組件找不到Provider組件時,纔會被使用。dom
<MyContext.Provider value={/* some value */}>
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每一個Context對象都攜帶一個名叫Provider的React組件。Provider可使得「Consumer」組件監聽context的變動ide
經過向Provider的後代Consumer組件傳遞value的prop,一個Provider能夠與多個Consumer組件創建聯繫。函數
全部的後代Consumer組件在Provider的value屬性更新後,都會被從新渲染。這個更新從Provider到其後代Consumer組件之間傳播,可是並不會觸發shouldComponentUpdate方法。因此即便Consumer組件的祖先組件沒有更新,Consumer組件也會更新
Context使用與Object.is相同的算法來對比value的新、舊值,以斷定其value是否被更新了
注意
當向value傳遞對象時,這種斷定value是否改變的方式可能會引發問題。請參加Caveats.
class MyClass extends React.Component {
componentDidMount() {
let value = this.context;
/* perform a side-effect at mount using the value of MyContext */
}
componentDidUpdate() {
let value = this.context;
/* ... */
}
componentWillUnmount() {
let value = this.context;
/* ... */
}
render() {
let value = this.context;
/* render something based on the value of MyContext */
}
}
MyClass.contextType = MyContext;
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爲class的contextTpe屬性賦值一個Context對象後,咱們能夠經過this.context在組件的各個聲明周期函數中獲取到當前的Context對象的方法
注意:
經過這種方式,每一個組件只能註冊一個context對象。若是須要讀取多個context的value值,參加Consuming Multiple Contexts.
若是編碼中使用了ES實驗中的語法,那麼可使用類的靜態(static)成員來初始化contextTYpe.代碼以下:
class MyClass extends React.Component {
static contextType = MyContext;
render() {
let value = this.context;
/* render something based on the value */
}
}
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<MyContext.Consumer>
{value => /* render something based on the context value */}
</MyContext.Consumer>
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Consumer是一個監聽context變化的React組件。它使得咱們能夠在一個函數組件中,監聽contxt的改變。
Consumer組件要求其子元素爲一個函數。該函數的參數接收當前的context的value值,要求返回一個React節點(node) 傳遞給該函數的參數value等於距離此Consumner最近的外層Provider組件的context值。若是沒有外層的Provider組件,則等於調用createContext()時傳遞的參數值(context的默認值)。
注意
更多關於「子元素爲一個函數」的信息,請參加render props
開發中,咱們常常須要在某些嵌套結構很深的組件上更新context的value值。此時,咱們能夠向下傳遞一個函數,用它來更新context的value。代碼以下:
// Make sure the shape of the default value passed to
// createContext matches the shape that the consumers expect!
export const ThemeContext = React.createContext({
theme: themes.dark,
toggleTheme: () => {},
});
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import {ThemeContext} from './theme-context';
function ThemeTogglerButton() {
// The Theme Toggler Button receives not only the theme
// but also a toggleTheme function from the context
return (
<ThemeContext.Consumer> {({theme, toggleTheme}) => ( <button onClick={toggleTheme} style={{backgroundColor: theme.background}}> Toggle Theme </button> )} </ThemeContext.Consumer> ); } export default ThemeTogglerButton; 複製代碼
import {ThemeContext, themes} from './theme-context';
import ThemeTogglerButton from './theme-toggler-button';
class App extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.toggleTheme = () => {
this.setState(state => ({
theme:
state.theme === themes.dark
? themes.light
: themes.dark,
}));
};
// State also contains the updater function so it will
// be passed down into the context provider
this.state = {
theme: themes.light,
toggleTheme: this.toggleTheme,
};
}
render() {
// The entire state is passed to the provider
return (
<ThemeContext.Provider value={this.state}> <Content /> </ThemeContext.Provider> ); } } function Content() { return ( <div> <ThemeTogglerButton /> </div> ); } ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.root); 複製代碼
爲了保持React的快速渲染,咱們須要將每一個consumer組件編寫成一個獨立的組件節點(node)
// Theme context, default to light theme
const ThemeContext = React.createContext('light');
// Signed-in user context
const UserContext = React.createContext({
name: 'Guest',
});
class App extends React.Component {
render() {
const {signedInUser, theme} = this.props;
// App component that provides initial context values
return (
<ThemeContext.Provider value={theme}>
<UserContext.Provider value={signedInUser}>
<Layout />
</UserContext.Provider>
</ThemeContext.Provider>
);
}
}
function Layout() {
return (
<div>
<Sidebar />
<Content />
</div>
);
}
// A component may consume multiple contexts
function Content() {
return (
<ThemeContext.Consumer>
{theme => (
<UserContext.Consumer>
{user => (
<ProfilePage user={user} theme={theme} />
)}
</UserContext.Consumer>
)}
</ThemeContext.Consumer>
);
}
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若是有兩個以上的context常常一塊兒使用,咱們須要考慮建立一個render prop component一併提供兩個Context
由於context使用引用標示符(reference identity)來判斷什麼時候須要從新渲染,因此有些狀況下,當provider的父元素從新渲染時,會觸發consumer的非內部渲染。例以下面代碼,在每次Provider從新渲染時,會從新渲染全部的consumer組件。由於會一直建立一個新的對象賦值給value(value一直在變)
class App extends React.Component {
render() {
return (
<Provider value={{something: 'something'}}> <Toolbar /> </Provider>
);
}
}
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爲了不這個問題,能夠將value放在組件的state中
class App extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
value: {something: 'something'},
};
}
render() {
return (
<Provider value={this.state.value}> <Toolbar /> </Provider>
);
}
}
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