Redhat7使用CentOS7的Yum源

操做系統：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.0 (Maipo)

虛擬工具：VM10

問題描述：該RedHat系統是一個收費的服務器操做系統，須要經過註冊到紅帽訂閱管理。但CentOS操做系統是經過RedHat編譯過來的，是免費的操做系統，Redhat能夠經過使用CentOS的免費源，對於學習者來說是很是方便的。

實戰任務：Redhat7使用CentOS7的yum源

操做步驟以下：

1.查看操做系統版本

[root@sky ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.0 (Maipo)

2.查看系統已經安裝的yum源

[root@sky ~]# rpm -qa|grep yum

yum-utils-1.1.31-24.el7.noarch

yum-langpacks-0.4.2-3.el7.noarch

yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64

yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-4.el7.noarch

PackageKit-yum-0.8.9-11.el7.x86_64

yum-3.4.3-118.el7.noarch

3.卸載原有系統軟件包

[root@sky ~]# rpm -e  yum-utils-1.1.31-24.el7.noarch  --nodeps

[root@sky ~]# rpm -e  yum-langpacks-0.4.2-3.el7.noarch  --nodeps

[root@sky ~]# rpm -e  yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64 --nodeps

[root@sky ~]# rpm  -e  yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-4.el7.noarch  PackageKit-yum-0.8.9-11.el7.x86_64   yum-3.4.3-118.el7.noarch  --nodeps

4.保證本系統能上網

[root@sky ~]# ping www.baidu.com

PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.121) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 61.135.169.121: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=40.7 ms

64 bytes from 61.135.169.121: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=41.5 ms

64 bytes from 61.135.169.121: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=40.3 ms

64 bytes from 61.135.169.121: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=40.4 ms

5.下載CentOS7版本的軟件包

[root@sky ~]# cd /usr/local/src

[root@sky src]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch.rpm

[root@sky src]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-chardet-2.2.1-1.el7_1.noarch.rpm

[root@sky src]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch.rpm

[root@sky src]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@sky src]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm

[root@sky src]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm

[root@sky src]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm

[root@sky src]# ls

grafana-5.3.2-1.x86_64.rpm

httpd-2.2.15-69.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm

httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

python-chardet-2.2.1-1.el7_1.noarch.rpm

python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch.rpm

yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch.rpm

yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm

yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm

yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm

yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm

6.安裝軟件包

[root@sky src]# rpm  -ivh python-*

[root@sky src]# rpm  -ivh yum-*  --nodeps

7.配置repo文件

root@sky src]# cd  /etc/yum.repos.d/

[root@sky yum.repos.d]# ll

總用量 0

[root@sky yum.repos.d]# wget  http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

[root@sky yum.repos.d]# cat  CentOS7-Base-163.repo 

# CentOS-Base.repo

.....

[base]

name=CentOS-7 - Base - 163.com

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates

[updates]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful

[extras]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages

[centosplus]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=0

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#將上述$releasever改爲數字7。

8.已安裝完成CentOS7 yum 源

[root@sky yum.repos.d]# yum clean all

9.測試是否成功配置yum源

[root@sky yum.repos.d]# yum

[root@sky /]# yum repolist all

已加載插件：fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Determining fastest mirrors

base                                                          | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     

extras                                                        | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     

updates                                                       | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     

(1/4): base/x86_64/group_gz                                   | 166 kB  00:00:00     

(2/4): extras/x86_64/primary_db                               | 204 kB  00:00:00     

(3/4): updates/x86_64/primary_db                              | 6.0 MB  00:00:07     

(4/4): base/x86_64/primary_db                                 | 5.9 MB  00:00:08     

源標識                    源名稱                                          狀態

base/x86_64               CentOS-7 - Base - 163.com                       啓用: 9,911

centosplus/x86_64         CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com             禁用    #該項失敗

extras/x86_64             CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com           啓用:   432

updates/x86_64            CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com          啓用: 1,614

repolist: 11,957

.........

root@sky yum.repos.d]# vi CentOS7-Base-163.repo 

[centosplus]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/  #releasever改爲數字"7"

gpgcheck=1

enabled=0     #數字「0」改爲"1"

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

到此步驟，yum源才配置成功。

實戰技巧：不要作#yum update，仍是保持原有redhat7版本，若是一升級，則版本會更換到CentOS7。

建議升級軟件包#yum upgrade