linux測試試題答案

2013年3月13日 星期三 晴

1. 爲全部用戶添加別名命令 la=’ls -a’，要求重啓後有效。

[root@desktop107 ~]# alias

alias cp='cp -i'

alias l.='ls -d .* --color=tty'

alias ll='ls -l --color=tty'

alias ls='ls --color=tty'

alias mv='mv -i'

alias rm='rm -i'

alias which='alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'

[root@desktop107 ~]# alias la='ls -a'

驗證

[root@desktop107 ~]# alias

alias cp='cp -i'

alias l.='ls -d .* --color=tty'

alias la='ls -a'

alias ll='ls -l --color=tty'

alias ls='ls --color=tty'

alias mv='mv -i'

alias rm='rm -i'

alias which='alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'

重啓後生效

[root@desktop107 ~]# vim /etc/bashrc

# /etc/bashrc

# System wide functions and aliases

# Environment stuff goes in /etc/profile

alias la='ls -a'     （原爲空白行，在此添加命令，保存退出，重啓後生效）

# are we an interactive shell?

if [ "$PS1" ]; then

  if [ -z "$PROMPT_COMMAND" ]; then

    case $TERM in

        xterm*)

                if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xterm ]; then

                        PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xterm

                else

            PROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033]0;%s@%s:%s\007" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"'

                fi

空白處添加alias la='ls -a'

注意，不可在~/.bashrc目錄下操做，不然只對root用戶有效

二、使 用 ls 命令列出 /etc 和 /ttmp 目錄下的全部文件 , 將 找到的結果追加輸出到文件/tmp/stdout.txt 中, 將報錯信息輸出到/tmp/stderr.txt 中。

[root@desktop107 ~]# ls /ttmp /etc >/tmp/stdout.txt 2>/tmp/stderr.txt

驗證：

[root@desktop107 ~]# cat /tmp/stderr.txt

ls: /ttmp: No such file or directory

[root@desktop107 ~]#

注意：

  原文件/tmp/stdout.txt和/tmp/stderr.txt都不存在，當將結果輸出時，自動建立該文件。

3. 統計/etc/passwd 文件中共有多少個用戶, 其 shell 是/sbin/nologin。

方法一：

[root@desktop107 ~]# grep --color /sbin/nologin /etc/passwd|wc -l

32

方法二：

[root@desktop107 ~]# grep --color /sbin/nologin /etc/passwd|awk -F: '{x+=1} END{print x}'

32

方法三：

[root@desktop107 ~]# awk -F: '$7=="/sbin/nologin"{x+=1} END{print x}' /etc/passwd

32

方法四：

[root@desktop107 ~]# grep -c /sbin/nologin /etc/passwd

32

4. 將文件/root/install.log 中的第 7 至 28 行的 rpm 字符替換成 RPM。

[root@desktop107 ~]# sed -n '7,28s/rpm/RPM/p' /root/install.log

無rpm，無顯示

5. Create a new user named eric, his primary group is named eric, and additional groups

include mail, adm and sys.

有錯誤操做時刪除用戶信息，注意-r，刪除與該用戶相關的信息

[root@desktop107 ~]# userdel -r eric

建立用戶及其附加組

[root@desktop107 ~]# useradd -G mail,adm,sys eric

修改賬戶附加組

[root@desktop107 ~]# usermod -G adm eric

附加組必須提早都存在

6. Set user eric will be disable at 15 Mar 2013.

[root@desktop107 ~]# usermod -e 2013-03-15 eric

驗證：

[root@desktop107 ~]# cat /etc/shadow

eric:!!:15776:0:99999:7::15779:

15776建立日期，15779失效日期

7.使用命令找到屬於 rpcbind 的進程號, 並 pkill 掉該進程。

查找進程

方法一：

[root@desktop107 ~]# ps aux |grep rpcbind

root      7664  0.0  0.0  61188   748 pts/3    S+   05:26   0:00 grep rpcbind

[root@desktop107 ~]#

無該進程

方法二：

[root@desktop107 ~]# pgrep rpcbind

[root@desktop107 ~]#

殺死進程

kill 進程號

pkill+進程號

      進程名

killall+進程名

8.使用 root 登陸系統，使用命令殺死 root 用戶的全部進程。

[root@desktop107 ~]# kill -9 -U root

9.使用pgrep查看bash的進程號。

[root@desktop107 ~]# pgrep bash

4331

[root@desktop107 ~]#

10.使用top命令每隔0.5秒查看一次進程號爲1和2的進程信息。

[root@desktop107 ~]# top -d 0.5 -p 1,2

Tasks:   2 total,   0 running,   2 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie

Cpu(s):  1.5%us,  0.5%sy,  0.0%ni, 98.0%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st

Mem:   7849056k total,  3949196k used,  3899860k free,    64148k buffers

Swap:        0k total,        0k used,        0k free,  1332244k cached

  PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND                           

    1 root      15   0 10368  676  564 S  0.0  0.0   0:02.29 init                              

    2 root      RT  -5     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/0                       

11.開啓firefox程序，調整該進程的nice優先級爲-5。

練習

[root@desktop107 ~]# nice -5 firefox

正常運行

[root@desktop107 ~]# nice 3 firefox

nice: 3: No such file or directory

[root@desktop107 ~]# nice -6 firefox

正常運行

[root@desktop107 ~]# renice -6 firefox

0: old priority 0, new priority -6

[root@desktop107 ~]# renice 3 firefox

0: old priority 0, new priority 3

[root@desktop107 ~]# nice 3 firefox

nice: 3: No such file or directory

[root@desktop107 ~]# nice 2 firefox

nice: 2: No such file or directory

[root@desktop107 ~]# renice 2 firefox

0: old priority 0, new priority 2

[root@desktop107 ~]# renice -1 firefox

0: old priority 0, new priority -1

[root@desktop107 ~]# renice --7 firefox

0: old priority 0, new priority 0

[root@desktop107 ~]# renice -7 firefox

0: old priority 0, new priority -7

[root@desktop107 ~]# renice 5 firefox

0: old priority 0, new priority 5

[root@desktop107 ~]# nice 4 firefox

nice: 4: No such file or directory

[root@desktop107 ~]# nice -2 firefox

[root@desktop107 ~]#

正常運行

[root@desktop107 ~]# renice 3 firefox

0: old priority 0, new priority 3

[root@desktop107 ~]# renice 4 firefox

0: old priority 0, new priority 4

nice所設級別高於以前的級別，可打開程序；

renice所設級別如何設都沒法打開程序

nice所設級別不能低於以前的級別

renice設級別可任意

[root@desktop107 ~]# firefox &

程序放於後臺運行

Ctrl+Z組合鍵暫停程序並放於後臺，

查看後臺進程jobs -l

再運行則fg+進程號

12.刪除/etc/yum.repo.d/目錄下的yum源，手動建立新的yum源：ftp://192.168.0.25/pub/centos5.8

[root@desktop107 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/dvd.repo

[dvd]

name=centos

baseurl=ftp://192.168.0.254/pub/centos5.8

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-beta

[root@desktop107 ~]#

[root@desktop107 ~]# rm /etc/yum.repos.d/dvd.repo

rm: remove regular file `/etc/yum.repos.d/dvd.repo'? y

[root@desktop107 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/dvd.repo

cat: /etc/yum.repos.d/dvd.repo: No such file or directory

[root@desktop107 ~]#

建立新的yum源

[root@desktop107 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/evd.repo

[evd]

name=centos

baseurl=ftp://192.168.0.25/pub/centos5.8

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-beta

1三、使用 yum 命令列出全部以 vim 開頭的 rpm 軟件，安裝vim-X11軟件。

列出rpm軟件

[root@desktop107 ~]# yum list |grep '^vim'

vim-X11.x86_64                             2:7.0.109-7.el5             installed

vim-common.x86_64                          2:7.0.109-7.el5             installed

vim-enhanced.x86_64                        2:7.0.109-7.el5             installed

vim-minimal.x86_64                         2:7.0.109-7.el5             installed

[root@desktop107 ~]#

安裝vim-X11軟件

[root@desktop7 ~]# yum install vim-X11.x86_64

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package vim-X11.x86_64 2:7.0.109-7.el5 set to be updated

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================================

 Package              Arch                Version                       Repository        Size

===============================================================================================

Installing:

 vim-X11              x86_64              2:7.0.109-7.el5               dvd              1.0 M

Transaction Summary

===============================================================================================

Install       1 Package(s)

Upgrade       0 Package(s)

Total download size: 1.0 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

vim-X11-7.0.109-7.el5.x86_64.rpm                                        | 1.0 MB     00:00     

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Finished Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

  Installing     : vim-X11                                                                 1/1

Installed:

  vim-X11.x86_64 2:7.0.109-7.el5                                                               

Complete!

[root@desktop7 ~]#

1四、修改虛擬機啓動級別爲 3，要求重啓後生效。

SSH虛擬機

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/inittab

 #

# inittab       This file describes how the INIT process should set up

#               the system in a certain run-level.

#

# Author:       Miquel van Smoorenburg, <miquels@drinkel.nl.mugnet.org>

#               Modified for RHS Linux by Marc Ewing and Donnie Barnes

#

# Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are:

#   0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)

#   1 - Single user mode

#   2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)

#   3 - Full multiuser mode

#   4 - unused

#   5 - X11

#   6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)

#

id:5:initdefault:

# System initialization.

si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit

l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 0

"/etc/inittab" 53L, 1666C

將默認值5改成3（id:5:initdefault:-->id:3:initdefault:）

#

# inittab       This file describes how the INIT process should set up

#               the system in a certain run-level.

#

# Author:       Miquel van Smoorenburg, <miquels@drinkel.nl.mugnet.org>

#               Modified for RHS Linux by Marc Ewing and Donnie Barnes

#

# Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are:

#   0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)

#   1 - Single user mode

#   2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)

#   3 - Full multiuser mode

#   4 - unused

#   5 - X11

#   6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)

#

id:3:initdefault:

# System initialization.

si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit

l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 0

-- INSERT --

及時更改回來

1五、設置SSH，要求真機遠程虛擬機時不須要密碼便可登陸。

（1）刪除無關信息

[root@desktop107 ~]# cd /root/.ssh

[root@desktop107 .ssh]# ls

authorized_keys  id_rsa  id_rsa.pub  known_hosts

[root@desktop107 .ssh]#

刪除本機鏈接其餘機器原信息

[root@desktop7 ~]# vim ~/.ssh/known_hosts

刪除原公鑰

[root@desktop7 ~]# cd /root/.ssh/

[root@desktop7 .ssh]# ls

authorized_keys  id_rsa  id_rsa.pub  known_hosts

[root@desktop7 .ssh]# cat authorized_keys

ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAmZen4F46bQlnOkb2UgTf9cjpC9ZnD8tX2+s4C/EBiHo+HQA5oWxTJr1ku3NN2Z3Ht5WR0vQQi0+4BO0FSqcchBqp8mZr4t8kUOVdseVl7D1vDqc/5H30GXfVbzJ3X6Ihhq5ToIcEBq64UegkzbYlTV61IfnrN5wmdJMVdZ7YqmJXcW6BfQJg4bgE+gPq04L2uKMAugPq/413l6lqb4Pw/Ek/yYbLfvXIScJwY67XeOJyXnvAwKB4XTHZyQe+U1GteW/7gKke0DbfuO5hg3casU05uF16d8aQCReMcTLbJCVVIjn6y8flcr/9M7Z5EKcNLXmO5S1AU0gxLT01lE3l2w== root@instructor.example.com

ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAmZen4F46bQlnOkb2UgTf9cjpC9ZnD8tX2+s4C/EBiHo+HQA5oWxTJr1ku3NN2Z3Ht5WR0vQQi0+4BO0FSqcchBqp8mZr4t8kUOVdseVl7D1vDqc/5H30GXfVbzJ3X6Ihhq5ToIcEBq64UegkzbYlTV61IfnrN5wmdJMVdZ7YqmJXcW6BfQJg4bgE+gPq04L2uKMAugPq/413l6lqb4Pw/Ek/yYbLfvXIScJwY67XeOJyXnvAwKB4XTHZyQe+U1GteW/7gKke0DbfuO5hg3casU05uF16d8aQCReMcTLbJCVVIjn6y8flcr/9M7Z5EKcNLXmO5S1AU0gxLT01lE3l2w== root@instructor.example.com

[root@desktop7 .ssh]# rm authorized_keys

rm: remove regular file `authorized_keys'? y

[root@desktop7 .ssh]# rm authorized_keys

rm: cannot lstat `authorized_keys': No such file or directory

[root@desktop7 .ssh]#

刪除其餘無關信息

[root@desktop7 .ssh]# ls

id_rsa  id_rsa.pub  known_hosts

[root@desktop7 .ssh]# cd

[root@desktop7 ~]# cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAqHSoXXlrZP5dlCi4TDMIqd0N5G9iXy/T7wBmJ3q0IuLKZSnOs5xBSAm8NR0Cjg70X/ZuCWmwg4IPLrHlb/zqPlb7cQDYdVBR3NA6znpCJZW8viUDrag1IvMWg8WBvE1W7f9KDYA5FXBn7/P5SX57Vr+7L8HwwFbAKQWP5GKz7KVPQMmwO+wyIN9aeveqHQfEjex8OG/JCIJX9kmz2NqWQ5Fdor1qoqh0fgKmB1jnJr6jMbJmKBWWGHaHYCJgOpOF/4mLtYkU+kRitemWQ88lIjENCSFoqIiCEJ8d2+VqQjj+6BSIWKQGDimHqo/MYjsSNvXP7hJ4IqIBaD7LMn3MAQ== root@desktop107.example.com

[root@desktop7 ~]# rm /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

rm: remove regular file `/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub'? y

[root@desktop7 ~]#

本機私鑰（保留）

[root@desktop7 ~]# cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

MIIEoQIBAAKCAQEAqHSoXXlrZP5dlCi4TDMIqd0N5G9iXy/T7wBmJ3q0IuLKZSnO

s5xBSAm8NR0Cjg70X/ZuCWmwg4IPLrHlb/zqPlb7cQDYdVBR3NA6znpCJZW8viUD

rag1IvMWg8WBvE1W7f9KDYA5FXBn7/P5SX57Vr+7L8HwwFbAKQWP5GKz7KVPQMmw

O+wyIN9aeveqHQfEjex8OG/JCIJX9kmz2NqWQ5Fdor1qoqh0fgKmB1jnJr6jMbJm

KBWWGHaHYCJgOpOF/4mLtYkU+kRitemWQ88lIjENCSFoqIiCEJ8d2+VqQjj+6BSI

WKQGDimHqo/MYjsSNvXP7hJ4IqIBaD7LMn3MAQIBIwKCAQBzgzGfLrAKvQz34Whu

w+iu/frlyLh7yQZavnHvL5F3Aene+Bi1rPmQe7RBrX4YRMTUFrHakZ2cAWl/GuZ4

rW1sk2qWoX58VFVkNwPAyNzmkpANWzW46F7zZNw9GbgMF8aUkcxhB3eZrCoDn/tl

mI8W6d9xNIfUWL5IA9BiF8vVd4465HyY+78AQSev2/LI5S04uSB5Wld8pCVFetxs

JL28WR4oLC1pws8lEqN9ck3G6HqE9Cj9or0M5W8vgTPo52dlklwq5rxO887x7z36

F+GsEIQs8YjtR8tNKCm+hFJD5Yv+umrFgC3MOe2VgH7t/QC/RmMM8D11Da+6LSrX

UKELAoGBANoob4oJId3hAYIjUy1PLCWaxaeBawLwVH/POsYqINaTXa8Bx8b0+SKX

l/xWO6sEcTaEOE1Cwrrxv040qnTi0zoJlO3gl3ZqGze2dHQCSItxRnHdZ+H3NQvn

0Ob4kbIPe1RgUfGPNp3ds3a1c3MlB27KxA5qTB05XNzRC/5nbvgtAoGBAMWtIkXT

sIhfftPMg7q+OBJVw4VbYQaCaSHMZmw7rtWoMbf7tTbIyI57BNCaK+AK5Q9WQLJz

cDIek0xbhipOxCqB1IIWYSFHsEfeouffeRtAp9pqLp8B9W2tnk9YKBWPuZO0SBBp

Z9ARTEElwPV3eAJVQHEQ6AFJO9mnsO5RDpOlAoGAErMCPwgY2IEAIRj4gDn8eEB3

V4AfHYJQYrn9uTbPnV0WqJnAqqdIje+8kfjDSSxEN99yikeNCLWiru6SRIh4gVFH

R5boaTxLec3Pd6hsnjzox+5n/Wz16xPetLY4X7gvJH1I2jDYy7Pqz6knJyBuWfQf

bvMrGHKhj0UeSQGNKzcCgYEAmH4/AqqeIA8nUu45u/HTe9vCt1Ue9mSaPqT+jgIn

yWR+IDc0BbDVOrar8WD9Rm7N9eNzvNy1owGk1IEeWybR16X7tM9vgBK7MCDG0CFs

DbWIzRAVVhd0MAmXYcep5L9UpSSsnvI6JCqZ6R0f002IdtQNJAW6SiKNQYFcmpZN

Es8CgYAWSzCdtWXADbnIbNaTh00fP3ffXZ632h0muVXiQtExHspkBszWVu0SIN3E

LovsfxrswRfW3XFOgCNOFdjOAjSHxRqjWSVMmYGVQzr+cjQA1E5YtQ1VhFtA/EM2

OL/O6gtUyObrOVI8FWyxA+QWfD//GCGbvAgP/NR89mU2lqYX3w==

-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

[root@desktop7 ~]#

（2）生成公鑰

[root@desktop7 ~]# ssh-keygen

Generating public/private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):

/root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.

Overwrite (y/n)? y

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):

Enter same passphrase again:

Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The key fingerprint is:

06:4f:65:a6:39:fb:3c:f9:e3:80:c8:44:63:02:e6:ab root@desktop7.example.com

[root@desktop7 ~]#

傳送公鑰

[root@desktop7 ~]# scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.0.211:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys

The authenticity of host '192.168.0.211 (192.168.0.211)' can't be established.

RSA key fingerprint is 9b:17:46:38:b6:7a:6b:07:57:9e:fb:11:a0:ab:37:5f.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

Warning: Permanently added '192.168.0.211' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.

root@192.168.0.211's password:

id_rsa.pub                                    100%  407     0.4KB/s   00:00    

[root@desktop7 ~]#

驗證

[root@desktop7 ~]# ssh 192.168.0.211

Last login: Wed Mar 13 07:19:05 2013

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:00:00:6B  

          inet addr:192.168.0.211  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

          inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe00:6b/64 Scope:Link

          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

          RX packets:297 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:293 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

          RX bytes:42077 (41.0 KiB)  TX bytes:28480 (27.8 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  

          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0

          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1

          RX packets:1779 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:1779 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

          RX bytes:5727966 (5.4 MiB)  TX bytes:5727966 (5.4 MiB)

[root@localhost ~]#

方法二：

[root@desktop7 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.0.211

#本機所生成的公鑰要用絕對路徑

1六、將/var/log/messages 文件中全部 3 月 11 號的日誌過濾出來。

[root@desktop7 ~]# grep "Mar 11" /var/log/messages

Mar 11 20:29:02 desktop7 kernel: ide-floppy driver 0.99.newide

Mar 11 20:29:02 desktop7 kernel: usbcore: registered new driver hiddev

Mar 11 20:29:02 desktop7 kernel: usbcore: registered new driver usbhid

Mar 11 20:29:02 desktop7 kernel: drivers/usb/input/hid-core.c: v2.6:USB HID core driver

Mar 11 20:29:02 desktop7 kernel: PNP: PS/2 Controller [PNP0303:PS2K,PNP0f03:PS2M] at 0x60,0x64 irq 1,12

Mar 11 20:29:02 desktop7 kernel: serio: i8042 KBD port at 0x60,0x64 irq 1

Mar 11 20:29:02 desktop7 kernel: serio: i8042 AUX port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12

Mar 11 20:29:02 desktop7 kernel: mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice

Mar 11 20:29:02 desktop7 kernel: md: md driver 0.90.3 MAX_MD_DEVS=256, MD_SB_DISKS=27

1七、經過 Sed 修改計算機主機名爲 desktop10X.example.com，X 爲本身的座位號。

[root@desktop7 ~]# sed '/HOSTNAME/c

HOSTNAME=desktop107.example.com' /etc/sysconfig/network

還原原主機名

[root@desktop7 ~]# sed '/HOSTNAME/c HOSTNAME=desktop7.example.com' /etc/sysconfig/network

1八、經過 ifconfig，grep，awk 過濾出本機 IP 地址。

方法一：

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig br0 |grep "inet addr"

          inet addr:192.168.0.7  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig br0 |grep "inet addr"|awk '{print $2}'

addr:192.168.0.7

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig br0 |grep "inet addr"|awk '{print $2}'|cut -d: -f2

192.168.0.7

-d:取值   -f2:第二列

方法二：

[root@desktop7 ~]# ifconfig br0 |grep "inet addr"|awk '{print $2}'|awk -F: '{print $2}'

192.168.0.7

1九、修改虛擬機網卡配置文件，將開機啓動網卡修改成開機禁用該網卡。

方法一：

[root@desktop7 ~]# sed '4s/yes/no/' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

驗證：

[root@desktop7 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO=none

BRIDGE=br0

ONBOOT=no

IPADDR=192.168.0.7

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.0.254

ROUTE=192.168.0.254

DNS1=192.168.0.254

[root@desktop7 ~]#

方法二：

[root@desktop7 ~]# sed '/ONBOOT=yes/c ONBOOT=no' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

驗證：

[root@desktop8 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO=none

BRIDGE=br0

ONBOOT=no

IPADDR=192.168.0.7

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.0.254

ROUTE=192.168.0.254

DNS1=192.168.0.254

20、將全部UID號大於500的帳戶顯示出來（僅顯示帳戶名稱）

[root@desktop7 ~]# awk -F: '$3>500 {print $1}' /etc/passwd

nfsnobody

eric

驗證

[root@desktop7 ~]# awk -F: '$3>500 {print $1,$3}' /etc/passwd

nfsnobody 65534

eric 501

2一、配置網卡虛擬接口爲固定 IP，IP 地址爲 192.168.0.100+X，X 爲本身的座位號。

方法一：

[root@desktop7 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:0

DEVICE=eth0:0

ONBOOT=yes

BOOTPROTO=none

IPADDR=192.168.0.107

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.0.254

ROUTE=192.168.0.254

DNS1=192.168.0.254

 

方法二：

                 

[root@desktop7 ~]# cat >>/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:0

DEVICE=eth0:0

ONBOOT=yes

ROOTPROTO=static

IPADDR=192.168.0.107

GATEWAY=192.168.0.254

DNS1=192.168.0.254

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

Ctrl+d組合鍵保存退出

驗證：

 

[root@desktop7 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:0

DEVICE=eth0:0

ONBOOT=yes

ROOTPROTO=static

IPADDR=192.168.0.107

GATEWAY=192.168.0.254

DNS1=192.168.0.254

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

22. 以root身份，創建cron任務以下：

    每2個月的每週1和4的22點46分，將文件/etc/passwd 拷貝到/tmp/目錄下，命名爲passwd_年月日（年月日爲當時時間）

通常配置方式

[root@desktop7 ~]# crontab -e

no crontab for root - using an empty one

crontab: installing new crontab

文件內容

46 22 * */2 1,4 cp /etc/passwd /tmp/passwd_`date +%Y-%m-%d`

當時驗證

* * * * * cp /etc/passwd /tmp/passwd_`date +%Y-%m-%d`

用腳本驗證

一、配置計劃任務

[root@desktop7 ~]# crontab -e

* * * * * /root/001.sh

二、編輯腳本001.sh

#!/bin/bash

cp /etc/passwd /tmp/passwd_`date +%Y-%m-%d`

賦予權限

[root@desktop7 ~]# chmod a+x 001.sh

三、驗證

[root@desktop7 ~]# cd /tmp

[root@desktop7 tmp]# ls

orbit-root

passwd_2013-03-14

[root@desktop7 tmp]# ll passwd_2013-03-14

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1681 Mar 14 05:34 passwd_2013-03-14

[root@desktop7 tmp]# ll passwd_2013-03-14

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1681 Mar 14 05:35 passwd_2013-03-14