debian6 安裝VirtualBox的方法

 方法一：

 參考：

https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads

 

   更新sources.list

 

deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian wheezy contrib

執行命令

wget -q http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian/oracle_vbox.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -

執行命令

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install virtualbox-4.2

• virtualbox-4.2 to install VirtualBox 4.2.18
• virtualbox-4.1 to install VirtualBox 4.1.28
• virtualbox-4.0 to install VirtualBox 4.0.20
• virtualbox-3.2 to install VirtualBox 3.2.18

安裝時若是出現依賴問題能夠執行 sudo apt-get -f install

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 方法二   安裝開源版本的VirtualBox，通常發行的光盤鏡像中都有。

 

下載地址：http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/

若是想本身編譯請參考：https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux%20build%20instructions

我已經把改網頁的內容copy過來了：跳轉

 

pengdl@debian:~$ sudo apt-get install virtualbox-ose
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  libvncserver0 virtualbox-ose-dkms virtualbox-ose-qt
Suggested packages:
  libvncserver0-dbg virtualbox-guest-additions vde2
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libvncserver0 virtualbox-ose virtualbox-ose-dkms virtualbox-ose-qt
0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 134 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/14.7 MB of archives.
After this operation, 51.9 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? 

 

爲了保證可以安裝成功，須要安裝一下其餘的軟件包：

sudo apt-get install module-assistant
sudo apt-get install dkms
sudo apt-get install build-essential 
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r`

 

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Linux build instructions

 

While we try to not favor any distribution, we only build with certain distributions. This includes Debian, Ubuntu, Gentoo and Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Things should not be much different for other distributions though. If you want to supply specific build instructions (especially package names) for other distributions, please contact the VirtualBox team.

 

Prerequisites

 

You need:

 

• GCC 3.3.3 or later (except for the GCC 4.0.x series). GCC 4.4.1 is recommended.
• as86 (real mode assembler, usually part of the dev86 or bin86 package.)
• bcc (Bruce Evans C Compiler; often part of the dev86 package; only required for VBox < 4.2) 
  Note: The bcc compiler contained in openSUSE10.2 as part of dev86-0.16.0-218 is known to generate broken code. Unfortunately, bcc -v is not supported.
• IASL (Intel ACPI compiler)
• xsltproc (libxslt, XML style sheet processor)
• libxml2 (required for VBox version >= 1.6, XML file handling)
• libxslt1 (required for VBox version >= 1.6, XML file transformation)
• libXcursor (required to support color mouse pointers in the guest)
• libxinerama
• librandr
• Qt 4.x.y (with x >= 4, including the OpenGL part, required for VBox version > 3.0)
• libIDL
• libSDL (SDL frontend)
• ALSA (audio backend)
• PulseAudio (audio backend)
• libhal (detect host floppy/DVD)
• libcap (CAP_NET_RAW for ICMP sockets in NAT)
• libdevmapper
• libpam0g (PAM support for the guest additions, required for VBox version >= 3.2)
• python-dev (Python bindings)
• gsoap (webservice API, version 2.7.9f or higher)
• Java SE 6 JDK (Java API bindings, both webservice and XPCOM)
• Xmu (for OpenGL)
• Mesa (for OpenGL)
• cURL (version 7.16.1 or higher, required for VBox version >= 3.0)
• Java JDK (required to generate the Java bindings)
• makeself (for creating the generic installer package, required for VBox version >= 4.0)
• pdflatex (normally provided by texlive-latex-base)

 

On 64-bit systems you need the following packages as well:

 

• ia32-libs (various libraries needed for compiling the 32-bit guest additions)
• libc6-dev-i386 (libc6 i386 development headers)
• lib32gcc1 (gcc support for i386)
• gcc-multilib (gcc support for i386)
• lib32stdc++6 (libstdc++ for i386)
• g++-multilib (g++ support for i386)

 

On Debian-based systems, the following command should install the required packages:

 

apt-get install gcc g++ bcc iasl xsltproc uuid-dev zlib1g-dev libidl-dev \
                libsdl1.2-dev libxcursor-dev libasound2-dev libstdc++5 \
                libhal-dev libpulse-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev \
                python-dev libqt4-dev qt4-dev-tools libcap-dev \
                libxmu-dev mesa-common-dev libglu1-mesa-dev \
                linux-kernel-headers libcurl4-openssl-dev libpam0g-dev \
                libxrandr-dev libxinerama-dev libqt4-opengl-dev makeself \
                libdevmapper-dev default-jdk python-central \
                texlive-latex-base \
                texlive-latex-extra texlive-latex-recommended \
                texlive-fonts-extra texlive-fonts-recommended

 

• On 64-bit Debian-based systems, the following command should install the required additional packages:

  apt-get install ia32-libs libc6-dev-i386 lib32gcc1 gcc-multilib \
                  lib32stdc++6 g++-multilib
  

 

On Fedora (tested with 17), the following should do:

 

yum install gcc-c++ libcap-devel libcurl-devel libIDL-devel libstdc++-static \
  libxslt-devel libXmu-devel openssl-devel pam-devel pulseaudio-libs-devel \
  python-devel qt-devel SDL_ttf-devel SDL-static texlive-latex wine-core \
  device-mapper-devel wget subversion subversion-gnome kernel-devel \
  glibc-static zlib-static glibc-devel.i686 libstdc++.i686 libpng-devel

 

To get the beramono.sty LaTeX style which is missing in Fedora (thanks to  Perry):

 

cd /usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/
mkdir bera
cd bera/
wget http://www.tug.org/texlive/devsrc/Master/texmf-dist/tex/latex/bera/beramono.sty
texhash

 

On Gentoo, the following should do:

 

emerge -av sys-devel/bin86 sys-devel/dev86 sys-power/iasl libxslt xerces-c \
           xalan-c libXcursor =qt-3* libIDL libsdl hal alsa-lib pulseaudio

 

Note that VirtualBox makes use of YASM as its assembler which is part of the source repository as the currently available releases of YASM contain various bugs. As soon as a working release becomes officially available, we will add YASM to the list of prerequisites.

Special tweaks for 64 bit binaries

Building on a 64bit host still requires 32bit libraries and build tools as the Guest Additions which are part of the build process are 32bit. Note that on 64bit Ubuntu systems some links to shared libraries are missing. This can be fixed with

ln -s libX11.so.6    /usr/lib32/libX11.so 
ln -s libXTrap.so.6  /usr/lib32/libXTrap.so 
ln -s libXt.so.6     /usr/lib32/libXt.so 
ln -s libXtst.so.6   /usr/lib32/libXtst.so
ln -s libXmu.so.6    /usr/lib32/libXmu.so
ln -s libXext.so.6   /usr/lib32/libXext.so

Building VirtualBox

1. Change to the root directory of the sources and execute the configure script:

   ./configure --disable-hardening
   

   If it finds everything it needs, it will create a file called 'AutoConfig.kmk' containing paths to the various tools on your system. Also, it will create an environment setup script called env.sh. This step only has to be done once (if something changes in your build tool setup, you might have to repeat it but keep in mind that both output files will be overwritten).

The switch --disable-hardening should not be used for building packages for redistribution or for production use.

2. Whenever you want to build VirtualBox, you have to open a shell and source the generated environment setup script 'env.sh', i.e. do

   source ./env.sh

3. To build a release package, type

   kmk all
   

   This produces the required binaries in out/linux.x86/release/bin/. If you want to build a debug version, type

   kmk BUILD_TYPE=debug
   

   In case you have more than one CPU core, kmk will automatically do a parallel build. 

4. If you made a hardened build (that is, you omitted the --disable-hardened switch from configure) you have to set some symbolic links manually to be able to start VMs from the bin/ directory:

   cd out/linux.x86/release/bin/components
   ln -s ../VBoxDDU.so .
   ln -s ../VBoxREM.so .
   ln -s ../VBoxRT.so .
   ln -s ../VBoxVMM.so .
   ln -s ../VBoxXPCOM.so .

Building VirtualBox packages for distribution

Never disable hardening (see previous section) when creating packages for redistribution.

To be more LSB-compliant, change the default pathes which are used by the VirtualBox binaries to find their components. Add the following build variables to LocalConfig.kmk:

VBOX_PATH_APP_PRIVATE_ARCH := /usr/lib/virtualbox

This is the application's private directory, architecture-dependent.

VBOX_PATH_SHARED_LIBS := $(VBOX_PATH_APP_PRIVATE_ARCH)

Where to put the shared libraries, usually the same directory as the private path as the VirtualBox shared libraries are normally not used by any other application.

VBOX_WITH_ORIGIN :=

Disable  RPATH=$ORIGIN and use a fixed  RUNPATH.

VBOX_WITH_RUNPATH := $(VBOX_PATH_APP_PRIVATE_ARCH)

Set  RUNPATH to the directory where our shared libraries can be found.

VBOX_PATH_APP_PRIVATE := /usr/share/virtualbox

This is the applications's private directory, not architecture-dependent.

VBOX_PATH_APP_DOCS := /usr/share/doc/virtualbox

Set the directory containing the documentation. The file VirtualBox.chm and UserManual.pdf are searched within this directory.

VBOX_WITH_TESTCASES :=

Save compile time by not building the testcases.

VBOX_WITH_TESTSUITE :=

Save compile time by not building the testsuite. 

Running your build

You can run VirtualBox directly from the build target directory (out/linux.x86/release/bin/). But first of all, you must build and install the VirtualBox kernel module, whose sources will have been copied to the build target directory.

So, issue the following:

cd out/linux.x86/release/bin/src
make
sudo make install
cd ..

Then it should have been installed to your modules directory and you can load it using modprobe vboxdrv. Make sure you give yourself read and write access to /dev/vboxdrv.

If you made a hardened build, make sure that the setuid stubs have the correct permissions:

for f in VirtualBox VBoxHeadless VBoxSDL VBoxBFE VBoxNetDHCP VBoxNetAdpCtl; do
  chown root.root $f
  chmod 4511 $f
done

Finally, you can start one of the frontends, e.g.

./VirtualBox