HIVE分析窗口函數系列

時間 2019-11-21

標籤 hive 分析窗口函數系列欄目 Hadoop 简体版

原文原文鏈接

Hive中提供了愈來愈多的分析函數，用於完成負責的統計分析。抽時間將全部的分析窗口函數理一遍，將陸續發佈。
今天先看幾個基礎的，SUM、AVG、MIN、MAX。
用於實現分組內全部和連續累積的統計。算法

PART1: SUM,AVG,MIN,MAX
數據準備：segmentfault

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE lxw1234 (
cookieid string,
createtime string,   --day 
pv INT
) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
stored as textfile location '/tmp/lxw11/';

DESC lxw1234;
cookieid                STRING 
createtime              STRING 
pv INT 

hive> select * from lxw1234;
OK
cookie1 2015-04-10      1
cookie1 2015-04-11      5
cookie1 2015-04-12      7
cookie1 2015-04-13      3
cookie1 2015-04-14      2
cookie1 2015-04-15      4
cookie1 2015-04-16      4

1.SUM函數cookie

SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
SUM(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS pv1, -- 默認爲從起點到當前行
SUM(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS pv2, --從起點到當前行，結果同pv1 
SUM(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid) AS pv3,                                --分組內全部行
SUM(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS pv4,   --當前行+往前3行
SUM(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS pv5,    --當前行+往前3行+日後1行
SUM(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS pv6   ---當前行+日後全部行  
FROM lxw1234;

cookieid createtime     pv      pv1     pv2     pv3     pv4     pv5      pv6 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
cookie1  2015-04-10      1       1       1       26      1       6       26
cookie1  2015-04-11      5       6       6       26      6       13      25
cookie1  2015-04-12      7       13      13      26      13      16      20
cookie1  2015-04-13      3       16      16      26      16      18      13
cookie1  2015-04-14      2       18      18      26      17      21      10
cookie1  2015-04-15      4       22      22      26      16      20      8
cookie1  2015-04-16      4       26      26      26      13      13      4

pv1: 分組內從起點到當前行的pv累積，如，11號的pv1=10號的pv+11號的pv, 12號=10號+11號+12號
pv2: 同pv1
pv3: 分組內(cookie1)全部的pv累加
pv4: 分組內當前行+往前3行，如，11號=10號+11號， 12號=10號+11號+12號， 13號=10號+11號+12號+13號， 14號=11號+12號+13號+14號
pv5: 分組內當前行+往前3行+日後1行，如，14號=11號+12號+13號+14號+15號=5+7+3+2+4=21
pv6: 分組內當前行+日後全部行，如，13號=13號+14號+15號+16號=3+2+4+4=13，14號=14號+15號+16號=2+4+4=10
 
若是不指定ROWS BETWEEN,默認爲從起點到當前行;
若是不指定ORDER BY，則將分組內全部值累加;
關鍵是理解ROWS BETWEEN含義,也叫作WINDOW子句：
PRECEDING：往前
FOLLOWING：日後
CURRENT ROW：當前行
UNBOUNDED：起點，UNBOUNDED PRECEDING 表示從前面的起點， UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING：表示到後面的終點
–其餘AVG，MIN，MAX，和SUM用法同樣。

2.AVGsession

SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
AVG(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS pv1, -- 默認爲從起點到當前行
AVG(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS pv2, --從起點到當前行，結果同pv1 
AVG(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid) AS pv3,                                --分組內全部行
AVG(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS pv4,   --當前行+往前3行
AVG(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS pv5,    --當前行+往前3行+日後1行
AVG(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS pv6   ---當前行+日後全部行  
FROM lxw1234; 

cookieid createtime     pv      pv1     pv2     pv3     pv4     pv5      pv6 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10      1       1.0     1.0     3.7142857142857144      1.0     3.0     3.7142857142857144
cookie1 2015-04-11      5       3.0     3.0     3.7142857142857144      3.0     4.333333333333333       4.166666666666667
cookie1 2015-04-12      7       4.333333333333333       4.333333333333333       3.7142857142857144      4.333333333333333       4.0     4.0
cookie1 2015-04-13      3       4.0     4.0     3.7142857142857144      4.0     3.6     3.25
cookie1 2015-04-14      2       3.6     3.6     3.7142857142857144      4.25    4.2     3.3333333333333335
cookie1 2015-04-15      4       3.6666666666666665      3.6666666666666665      3.7142857142857144      4.0     4.0     4.0
cookie1 2015-04-16      4       3.7142857142857144      3.7142857142857144      3.7142857142857144      3.25    3.25    4.0

3.MIN函數

SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
MIN(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS pv1, -- 默認爲從起點到當前行
MIN(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS pv2, --從起點到當前行，結果同pv1 
MIN(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid) AS pv3,                                                                                                                                --分組內全部行
MIN(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS pv4,   --當前行+往前3行
MIN(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS pv5,    --當前行+往前3行+日後1行
MIN(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS pv6   ---當前行+日後全部行  
FROM lxw1234;

cookieid createtime     pv      pv1     pv2     pv3     pv4     pv5      pv6 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10      1       1       1       1       1       1       1
cookie1 2015-04-11      5       1       1       1       1       1       2
cookie1 2015-04-12      7       1       1       1       1       1       2
cookie1 2015-04-13      3       1       1       1       1       1       2
cookie1 2015-04-14      2       1       1       1       2       2       2
cookie1 2015-04-15      4       1       1       1       2       2       4
cookie1 2015-04-16      4       1       1       1       2       2       4

4.MAXurl

SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
MAX(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS pv1, -- 默認爲從起點到當前行
MAX(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS pv2, --從起點到當前行，結果同pv1 
MAX(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid) AS pv3,                                --分組內全部行
MAX(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS pv4,   --當前行+往前3行
MAX(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS pv5,    --當前行+往前3行+日後1行
MAX(pv) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS pv6   ---當前行+日後全部行  
FROM lxw1234;

cookieid createtime     pv      pv1     pv2     pv3     pv4     pv5      pv6 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10      1       1       1       7       1       5       7
cookie1 2015-04-11      5       5       5       7       5       7       7
cookie1 2015-04-12      7       7       7       7       7       7       7
cookie1 2015-04-13      3       7       7       7       7       7       4
cookie1 2015-04-14      2       7       7       7       7       7       4
cookie1 2015-04-15      4       7       7       7       7       7       4
cookie1 2015-04-16      4       7       7       7       4       4       4

PART2:NTILE,ROW_NUMBER,RANK,DENSE_RANKspa

數據準備：code

cookie1,2015-04-10,1
cookie1,2015-04-11,5
cookie1,2015-04-12,7
cookie1,2015-04-13,3
cookie1,2015-04-14,2
cookie1,2015-04-15,4
cookie1,2015-04-16,4
cookie2,2015-04-10,2
cookie2,2015-04-11,3
cookie2,2015-04-12,5
cookie2,2015-04-13,6
cookie2,2015-04-14,3
cookie2,2015-04-15,9
cookie2,2015-04-16,7

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE lxw1234 (
cookieid string,
createtime string,   --day 
pv INT
) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
stored as textfile location '/tmp/lxw11/';
 
DESC lxw1234;
cookieid                STRING 
createtime              STRING 
pv INT 

hive> select * from lxw1234;
OK
cookie1 2015-04-10      1
cookie1 2015-04-11      5
cookie1 2015-04-12      7
cookie1 2015-04-13      3
cookie1 2015-04-14      2
cookie1 2015-04-15      4
cookie1 2015-04-16      4
cookie2 2015-04-10      2
cookie2 2015-04-11      3
cookie2 2015-04-12      5
cookie2 2015-04-13      6
cookie2 2015-04-14      3
cookie2 2015-04-15      9
cookie2 2015-04-16      7

1.NTILE排序

NTILE(n)，用於將分組數據按照順序切分紅n片，返回當前切片值
NTILE不支持ROWS BETWEEN，好比 NTILE(2) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
若是切片不均勻，默認增長第一個切片的分佈

SELECT 
cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
NTILE(2) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn1,    --分組內將數據分紅2片
NTILE(3) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn2,  --分組內將數據分紅3片
NTILE(4) OVER(ORDER BY createtime) AS rn3        --將全部數據分紅4片
FROM lxw1234 
ORDER BY cookieid,createtime;
 
cookieid day           pv       rn1     rn2     rn3
-------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10      1       1       1       1
cookie1 2015-04-11      5       1       1       1
cookie1 2015-04-12      7       1       1       2
cookie1 2015-04-13      3       1       2       2
cookie1 2015-04-14      2       2       2       3
cookie1 2015-04-15      4       2       3       3
cookie1 2015-04-16      4       2       3       4
cookie2 2015-04-10      2       1       1       1
cookie2 2015-04-11      3       1       1       1
cookie2 2015-04-12      5       1       1       2
cookie2 2015-04-13      6       1       2       2
cookie2 2015-04-14      3       2       2       3
cookie2 2015-04-15      9       2       3       4
cookie2 2015-04-16      7       2       3       4

好比，統計一個cookie，pv數最多的前1/3的天
SELECT 
cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
NTILE(3) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv DESC) AS rn 
FROM lxw1234;
 
--rn = 1 的記錄，就是咱們想要的結果
 
cookieid day           pv       rn
----------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-12      7       1
cookie1 2015-04-11      5       1
cookie1 2015-04-15      4       1
cookie1 2015-04-16      4       2
cookie1 2015-04-13      3       2
cookie1 2015-04-14      2       3
cookie1 2015-04-10      1       3
cookie2 2015-04-15      9       1
cookie2 2015-04-16      7       1
cookie2 2015-04-13      6       1
cookie2 2015-04-12      5       2
cookie2 2015-04-14      3       2
cookie2 2015-04-11      3       3
cookie2 2015-04-10      2       3

2.ROW_NUMBERget

ROW_NUMBER() –從1開始，按照順序，生成分組內記錄的序列
–好比，按照pv降序排列，生成分組內天天的pv名次
ROW_NUMBER() 的應用場景很是多，再好比，獲取分組內排序第一的記錄;獲取一個session中的第一條refer等。
 
SELECT 
cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv desc) AS rn 
FROM lxw1234;
 
cookieid day           pv       rn
------------------------------------------- 
cookie1 2015-04-12      7       1
cookie1 2015-04-11      5       2
cookie1 2015-04-15      4       3
cookie1 2015-04-16      4       4
cookie1 2015-04-13      3       5
cookie1 2015-04-14      2       6
cookie1 2015-04-10      1       7
cookie2 2015-04-15      9       1
cookie2 2015-04-16      7       2
cookie2 2015-04-13      6       3
cookie2 2015-04-12      5       4
cookie2 2015-04-14      3       5
cookie2 2015-04-11      3       6
cookie2 2015-04-10      2       7

3.RANK 和 DENSE_RANK

—RANK() 生成數據項在分組中的排名，排名相等會在名次中留下空位
—DENSE_RANK() 生成數據項在分組中的排名，排名相等會在名次中不會留下空位
 
SELECT 
cookieid,
createtime,
pv,
RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv desc) AS rn1,
DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv desc) AS rn2,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY pv DESC) AS rn3 
FROM lxw1234 
WHERE cookieid = 'cookie1';
 
cookieid day           pv       rn1     rn2     rn3 
-------------------------------------------------- 
cookie1 2015-04-12      7       1       1       1
cookie1 2015-04-11      5       2       2       2
cookie1 2015-04-15      4       3       3       3
cookie1 2015-04-16      4       3       3       4
cookie1 2015-04-13      3       5       4       5
cookie1 2015-04-14      2       6       5       6
cookie1 2015-04-10      1       7       6       7
 
rn1: 15號和16號並列第3, 13號排第5
rn2: 15號和16號並列第3, 13號排第4
rn3: 若是相等，則按記錄值排序，生成惟一的次序，若是全部記錄值都相等，或許會隨機排吧。

PART3：CUME_DIST,PERCENT_RANK (這兩個序列分析函數不是很經常使用，這裏也介紹一下)

數據準備

d1,user1,1000
d1,user2,2000
d1,user3,3000
d2,user4,4000
d2,user5,5000
 
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE lxw1234 (
dept STRING,
userid string,
sal INT
) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
stored as textfile location '/tmp/lxw11/';
 
hive> select * from lxw1234;
OK
d1      user1   1000
d1      user2   2000
d1      user3   3000
d2      user4   4000
d2      user5   5000

2.CUME_DIST

–CUME_DIST 小於等於當前值的行數/分組內總行數
–好比，統計小於等於當前薪水的人數，所佔總人數的比例
SELECT 
dept,
userid,
sal,
CUME_DIST() OVER(ORDER BY sal) AS rn1,
CUME_DIST() OVER(PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY sal) AS rn2 
FROM lxw1234;
 
dept    userid   sal   rn1       rn2 
-------------------------------------------
d1      user1   1000    0.2     0.3333333333333333
d1      user2   2000    0.4     0.6666666666666666
d1      user3   3000    0.6     1.0
d2      user4   4000    0.8     0.5
d2      user5   5000    1.0     1.0
 
rn1: 沒有partition,全部數據均爲1組，總行數爲5，
     第一行：小於等於1000的行數爲1，所以，1/5=0.2
     第三行：小於等於3000的行數爲3，所以，3/5=0.6
rn2: 按照部門分組，dpet=d1的行數爲3,
     第二行：小於等於2000的行數爲2，所以，2/3=0.6666666666666666

3.PERCENT_RANK

–PERCENT_RANK 分組內當前行的RANK值-1/分組內總行數-1
應用場景不瞭解，可能在一些特殊算法的實現中能夠用到吧。
SELECT 
dept,
userid,
sal,
PERCENT_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY sal) AS rn1,   --分組內
RANK() OVER(ORDER BY sal) AS rn11,          --分組內RANK值
SUM(1) OVER(PARTITION BY NULL) AS rn12,     --分組內總行數
PERCENT_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY sal) AS rn2 
FROM lxw1234;
 
dept    userid   sal    rn1    rn11     rn12    rn2
---------------------------------------------------
d1      user1   1000    0.0     1       5       0.0
d1      user2   2000    0.25    2       5       0.5
d1      user3   3000    0.5     3       5       1.0
d2      user4   4000    0.75    4       5       0.0
d2      user5   5000    1.0     5       5       1.0
 
rn1: rn1 = (rn11-1) / (rn12-1) 
       第一行,(1-1)/(5-1)=0/4=0
       第二行,(2-1)/(5-1)=1/4=0.25
       第四行,(4-1)/(5-1)=3/4=0.75
rn2: 按照dept分組，
     dept=d1的總行數爲3
     第一行，(1-1)/(3-1)=0
     第三行，(3-1)/(3-1)=1

PART4:LAG,LEAD,FIRST_VALUE,LAST_VALUE

數據準備：

cookie1,2015-04-10 10:00:02,url2
cookie1,2015-04-10 10:00:00,url1
cookie1,2015-04-10 10:03:04,1url3
cookie1,2015-04-10 10:50:05,url6
cookie1,2015-04-10 11:00:00,url7
cookie1,2015-04-10 10:10:00,url4
cookie1,2015-04-10 10:50:01,url5
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:00:02,url22
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:00:00,url11
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:03:04,1url33
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:50:05,url66
cookie2,2015-04-10 11:00:00,url77
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:10:00,url44
cookie2,2015-04-10 10:50:01,url55
 
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE lxw1234 (
cookieid string,
createtime string,  --頁面訪問時間
url STRING       --被訪問頁面
) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
stored as textfile location '/tmp/lxw11/';
 
hive> select * from lxw1234;
OK
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url2
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url1
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url3
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url6
cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url7
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url4
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url5
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url22
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url11
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url33
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url66
cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url77
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url44
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url55

1.LAG

LAG(col,n,DEFAULT) 用於統計窗口內往上第n行值
第一個參數爲列名，第二個參數爲往上第n行（可選，默認爲1），第三個參數爲默認值（當往上第n行爲NULL時候，取默認值，如不指定，則爲NULL）
SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
url,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn,
LAG(createtime,1,'1970-01-01 00:00:00') OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS last_1_time,
LAG(createtime,2) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS last_2_time 
FROM lxw1234;
 
cookieid createtime             url    rn       last_1_time             last_2_time
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url1    1       1970-01-01 00:00:00     NULL
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url2    2       2015-04-10 10:00:00     NULL
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url3   3       2015-04-10 10:00:02     2015-04-10 10:00:00
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url4    4       2015-04-10 10:03:04     2015-04-10 10:00:02
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url5    5       2015-04-10 10:10:00     2015-04-10 10:03:04
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url6    6       2015-04-10 10:50:01     2015-04-10 10:10:00
cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url7    7       2015-04-10 10:50:05     2015-04-10 10:50:01
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url11   1       1970-01-01 00:00:00     NULL
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url22   2       2015-04-10 10:00:00     NULL
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url33  3       2015-04-10 10:00:02     2015-04-10 10:00:00
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url44   4       2015-04-10 10:03:04     2015-04-10 10:00:02
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url55   5       2015-04-10 10:10:00     2015-04-10 10:03:04
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url66   6       2015-04-10 10:50:01     2015-04-10 10:10:00
cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url77   7       2015-04-10 10:50:05     2015-04-10 10:50:01
 
last_1_time: 指定了往上第1行的值，default爲'1970-01-01 00:00:00'  
             cookie1第一行，往上1行爲NULL,所以取默認值 1970-01-01 00:00:00
             cookie1第三行，往上1行值爲第二行值，2015-04-10 10:00:02
             cookie1第六行，往上1行值爲第五行值，2015-04-10 10:50:01
last_2_time: 指定了往上第2行的值，爲指定默認值
             cookie1第一行，往上2行爲NULL
             cookie1第二行，往上2行爲NULL
             cookie1第四行，往上2行爲第二行值，2015-04-10 10:00:02
             cookie1第七行，往上2行爲第五行值，2015-04-10 10:50:01

2.LEAD

與LAG相反
LEAD(col,n,DEFAULT) 用於統計窗口內往下第n行值
第一個參數爲列名，第二個參數爲往下第n行（可選，默認爲1），第三個參數爲默認值（當往下第n行爲NULL時候，取默認值，如不指定，則爲NULL）
SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
url,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn,
LEAD(createtime,1,'1970-01-01 00:00:00') OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS next_1_time,
LEAD(createtime,2) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS next_2_time 
FROM lxw1234;
 
cookieid createtime             url    rn       next_1_time             next_2_time 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url1    1       2015-04-10 10:00:02     2015-04-10 10:03:04
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url2    2       2015-04-10 10:03:04     2015-04-10 10:10:00
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url3   3       2015-04-10 10:10:00     2015-04-10 10:50:01
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url4    4       2015-04-10 10:50:01     2015-04-10 10:50:05
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url5    5       2015-04-10 10:50:05     2015-04-10 11:00:00
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url6    6       2015-04-10 11:00:00     NULL
cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url7    7       1970-01-01 00:00:00     NULL
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url11   1       2015-04-10 10:00:02     2015-04-10 10:03:04
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url22   2       2015-04-10 10:03:04     2015-04-10 10:10:00
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url33  3       2015-04-10 10:10:00     2015-04-10 10:50:01
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url44   4       2015-04-10 10:50:01     2015-04-10 10:50:05
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url55   5       2015-04-10 10:50:05     2015-04-10 11:00:00
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url66   6       2015-04-10 11:00:00     NULL
cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url77   7       1970-01-01 00:00:00     NULL
 
--邏輯與LAG同樣，只不過LAG是往上，LEAD是往下。

3.FIRST_VALUE

取分組內排序後，截止到當前行，第一個值
SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
url,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn,
FIRST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS first1 
FROM lxw1234;
 
cookieid  createtime            url     rn      first1
---------------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url1    1       url1
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url2    2       url1
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url3   3       url1
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url4    4       url1
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url5    5       url1
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url6    6       url1
cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url7    7       url1
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url11   1       url11
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url22   2       url11
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url33  3       url11
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url44   4       url11
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url55   5       url11
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url66   6       url11
cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url77   7       url11

4.LAST_VALUE

取分組內排序後，截止到當前行，最後一個值
SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
url,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn,
LAST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS last1 
FROM lxw1234;
 
cookieid  createtime            url    rn       last1  
-----------------------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url1    1       url1
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url2    2       url2
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url3   3       1url3
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url4    4       url4
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url5    5       url5
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url6    6       url6
cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url7    7       url7
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url11   1       url11
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url22   2       url22
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url33  3       1url33
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url44   4       url44
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url55   5       url55
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url66   6       url66
cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url77   7       url77

特別注意：

若是不指定ORDER BY，則默認按照記錄在文件中的偏移量進行排序，會出現錯誤的結果
SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
url,
FIRST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid) AS first2  
FROM lxw1234;
 
cookieid  createtime            url     first2
----------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url2    url2
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url1    url2
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url3   url2
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url6    url2
cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url7    url2
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url4    url2
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url5    url2
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url22   url22
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url11   url22
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url33  url22
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url66   url22
cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url77   url22
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url44   url22
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url55   url22
 
SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
url,
LAST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid) AS last2  
FROM lxw1234;
 
cookieid  createtime            url     last2
----------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url2    url5
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url1    url5
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url3   url5
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url6    url5
cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url7    url5
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url4    url5
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url5    url5
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url22   url55
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url11   url55
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url33  url55
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url66   url55
cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url77   url55
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url44   url55
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url55   url55

若是想要取分組內排序後最後一個值，則須要變通一下：
SELECT cookieid,
createtime,
url,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS rn,
LAST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime) AS last1,
FIRST_VALUE(url) OVER(PARTITION BY cookieid ORDER BY createtime DESC) AS last2 
FROM lxw1234 
ORDER BY cookieid,createtime;
 
cookieid  createtime            url     rn     last1    last2
-------------------------------------------------------------
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url1    1       url1    url7
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url2    2       url2    url7
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url3   3       1url3   url7
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url4    4       url4    url7
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url5    5       url5    url7
cookie1 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url6    6       url6    url7
cookie1 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url7    7       url7    url7
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:00     url11   1       url11   url77
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:00:02     url22   2       url22   url77
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:03:04     1url33  3       1url33  url77
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:10:00     url44   4       url44   url77
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:01     url55   5       url55   url77
cookie2 2015-04-10 10:50:05     url66   6       url66   url77
cookie2 2015-04-10 11:00:00     url77   7       url77   url77
提示：在使用分析函數的過程當中，要特別注意ORDER BY子句，用的不恰當，統計出的結果就不是你所指望的。

PART5: GROUPING SETS,GROUPING__ID,CUBE,ROLLUP

這幾個分析函數一般用於OLAP中，不能累加，並且須要根據不一樣維度上鑽和下鑽的指標統計，好比，分小時、天、月的UV數。

數據準備：

2015-03,2015-03-10,cookie1
2015-03,2015-03-10,cookie5
2015-03,2015-03-12,cookie7
2015-04,2015-04-12,cookie3
2015-04,2015-04-13,cookie2
2015-04,2015-04-13,cookie4
2015-04,2015-04-16,cookie4
2015-03,2015-03-10,cookie2
2015-03,2015-03-10,cookie3
2015-04,2015-04-12,cookie5
2015-04,2015-04-13,cookie6
2015-04,2015-04-15,cookie3
2015-04,2015-04-15,cookie2
2015-04,2015-04-16,cookie1
 
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE lxw1234 (
month STRING,
day STRING, 
cookieid STRING 
) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
stored as textfile location '/tmp/lxw11/';
 
hive> select * from lxw1234;
OK
2015-03 2015-03-10      cookie1
2015-03 2015-03-10      cookie5
2015-03 2015-03-12      cookie7
2015-04 2015-04-12      cookie3
2015-04 2015-04-13      cookie2
2015-04 2015-04-13      cookie4
2015-04 2015-04-16      cookie4
2015-03 2015-03-10      cookie2
2015-03 2015-03-10      cookie3
2015-04 2015-04-12      cookie5
2015-04 2015-04-13      cookie6
2015-04 2015-04-15      cookie3
2015-04 2015-04-15      cookie2
2015-04 2015-04-16      cookie1

1.GROUPING SETS

在一個GROUP BY查詢中，根據不一樣的維度組合進行聚合，等價於將不一樣維度的GROUP BY結果集進行UNION ALL
SELECT 
month,
day,
COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,
GROUPING__ID 
FROM lxw1234 
GROUP BY month,day 
GROUPING SETS (month,day) 
ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;
 
month      day            uv      GROUPING__ID
------------------------------------------------
2015-03    NULL            5       1
2015-04    NULL            6       1
NULL       2015-03-10      4       2
NULL       2015-03-12      1       2
NULL       2015-04-12      2       2
NULL       2015-04-13      3       2
NULL       2015-04-15      2       2
NULL       2015-04-16      2       2
 
等價於 
SELECT month,NULL,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,1 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY month 
UNION ALL 
SELECT NULL,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,2 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY day
再如：
SELECT 
month,
day,
COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,
GROUPING__ID 
FROM lxw1234 
GROUP BY month,day 
GROUPING SETS (month,day,(month,day)) 
ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;
 
month         day             uv      GROUPING__ID
------------------------------------------------
2015-03       NULL            5       1
2015-04       NULL            6       1
NULL          2015-03-10      4       2
NULL          2015-03-12      1       2
NULL          2015-04-12      2       2
NULL          2015-04-13      3       2
NULL          2015-04-15      2       2
NULL          2015-04-16      2       2
2015-03       2015-03-10      4       3
2015-03       2015-03-12      1       3
2015-04       2015-04-12      2       3
2015-04       2015-04-13      3       3
2015-04       2015-04-15      2       3
2015-04       2015-04-16      2       3
 
等價於
SELECT month,NULL,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,1 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY month 
UNION ALL 
SELECT NULL,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,2 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY day
UNION ALL 
SELECT month,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,3 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY month,day
其中的 GROUPING__ID，表示結果屬於哪個分組集合。

2.CUBE

根據GROUP BY的維度的全部組合進行聚合。
SELECT 
month,
day,
COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,
GROUPING__ID 
FROM lxw1234 
GROUP BY month,day 
WITH CUBE 
ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;
 
month                  day             uv     GROUPING__ID
--------------------------------------------
NULL            NULL            7       0
2015-03         NULL            5       1
2015-04         NULL            6       1
NULL            2015-04-12      2       2
NULL            2015-04-13      3       2
NULL            2015-04-15      2       2
NULL            2015-04-16      2       2
NULL            2015-03-10      4       2
NULL            2015-03-12      1       2
2015-03         2015-03-10      4       3
2015-03         2015-03-12      1       3
2015-04         2015-04-16      2       3
2015-04         2015-04-12      2       3
2015-04         2015-04-13      3       3
2015-04         2015-04-15      2       3
 
等價於
SELECT NULL,NULL,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,0 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234
UNION ALL 
SELECT month,NULL,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,1 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY month 
UNION ALL 
SELECT NULL,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,2 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY day
UNION ALL 
SELECT month,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,3 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY month,day

3.ROLLUP

是CUBE的子集，以最左側的維度爲主，從該維度進行層級聚合。
好比，以month維度進行層級聚合：
SELECT 
month,
day,
COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,
GROUPING__ID  
FROM lxw1234 
GROUP BY month,day
WITH ROLLUP 
ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;
 
month                  day             uv     GROUPING__ID
---------------------------------------------------
NULL             NULL            7       0
2015-03          NULL            5       1
2015-04          NULL            6       1
2015-03          2015-03-10      4       3
2015-03          2015-03-12      1       3
2015-04          2015-04-12      2       3
2015-04          2015-04-13      3       3
2015-04          2015-04-15      2       3
2015-04          2015-04-16      2       3
 
能夠實現這樣的上鑽過程：
月天的UV->月的UV->總UV
--把month和day調換順序，則以day維度進行層級聚合：
 
SELECT 
day,
month,
COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,
GROUPING__ID  
FROM lxw1234 
GROUP BY day,month 
WITH ROLLUP 
ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;

day                    month              uv     GROUPING__ID
-------------------------------------------------------
NULL            NULL               7       0
2015-04-13      NULL               3       1
2015-03-12      NULL               1       1
2015-04-15      NULL               2       1
2015-03-10      NULL               4       1
2015-04-16      NULL               2       1
2015-04-12      NULL               2       1
2015-04-12      2015-04            2       3
2015-03-10      2015-03            4       3
2015-03-12      2015-03            1       3
2015-04-13      2015-04            3       3
2015-04-15      2015-04            2       3
2015-04-16      2015-04            2       3
 
能夠實現這樣的上鑽過程：
天月的UV->天的UV->總UV
（這裏，根據天和月進行聚合，和根據天聚合結果同樣，由於有父子關係，若是是其餘維度組合的話，就會不同）