form
form操做動態select數據html
forms.pypython
from django import forms from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets from django.forms.models import ModelChoiceField from app01 import models class UserInfoForm(forms.Form): user = fields.CharField( required=True, widget=widgets.Textarea(attrs={'class':'c1'}) ) pwd = fields.CharField( max_length=12, widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'c1'}) )
#方式一 user_type = fields.ChoiceField( # choices=[(1,'普通用戶'),(2,'超級用戶')],
choices = [], widget = widgets.Select )
#方式二 user_type2 = fields.CharField(widget=widgets.Select(choices=[]))
#方式三 models.py中須要加上def __str__(self):return self.name
user_type3 = ModelChoiceField( empty_label='請選擇用戶類型', to_field_name='name',#html的源碼裏面value=name對應值 queryset=models.UserType.objects.all() ) def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): super(UserInfoForm, self).__init__(*args,**kwargs) self.fields['user_type'].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name')#在執行構造函數的時候去數據庫取數據，value_list返回的是列表裏面加元祖 self.fields['user_type2'].widget.choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name')
views.pyjquery
from django.shortcuts import render from app01.forms import UserInfoForm from app01 import models # Create your views here. def index(request): obj = UserInfoForm() # obj.fields['user_type'].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name') #類裏面的靜態字段，必須從新去數據庫取值賦值,或者在forms.py中構造函數中取值 return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj})
index.htmlajax
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <p> {{ obj.user }} </p> <p> {{ obj.pwd }} </p> <p> {{ obj.user_type }} {{ obj.user_type2 }} </p> </body> </html>
form內置鉤子數據庫
經過obj.is_valid()查看源碼django
用戶註冊在提交的時候須要判斷用戶是否已經註冊,用clean_namejson
驗證過程：app
正則+clean_字段->clean(__all__)->_post_clean函數
forms.pypost
class RegisterForm(forms.Form): user = fields.CharField() email = fields.EmailField() def clean_name(self): c = models.User.objects.filter(name=self.cleaned_data['user']).count() if c: return self.cleaned_data['user'] else: raise ValidationError('用戶名已經存在',code='xxx') def clean(self): return self.cleaned_data#總體錯誤信息在__all__裏
序列化
QuerySet
第一種：
from django.core import serializers
v = models.tb.objects.all()
data = serializers.serialize('json',v)
第二種
import json from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError class JsonCustomEncoder(json.JSONEncoder): def default(self, field): if isinstance(field,ValidationError): return{'code':field.code,'messages':field.messages} else: return json.JSONEncoder.default(self,field) v= models.tb.objects.values('id','name') v = list(v) v = json.dumps(v,cls=JsonCustomEncoder)
ajax提交 html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form id="info">{% csrf_token %} <p><input type="text" name="username"/></p> <p><input type="password"name="pwd"/></p> <a id="submit">提交</a> </form> <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> <script> $(function () { $('#submit').click(function () { $.ajax({ url:'/login/', type:'POST', data:$('#info').serialize(),#獲取form表單中的全部 success:function (arg) { console.log(arg); arg = JSON.parse(arg); console.log(arg); }, error:function () { } }) }) }) </script> </body> </html>
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from app01.forms import LoginForm import json from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError class JsonCustomEncoder(json.JSONEncoder): def default(self, field): if isinstance(field,ValidationError): return{'code':field.code,'messages':field.messages} else: return json.JSONEncoder.default(self,field) def login(request): if request.method == 'GET': return render(request,'login.html') elif request.method == 'POST': ret = {'status':True,'error':None,'data':None} obj = LoginForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): print(obj.cleaned_data) else: # ret['error'] = obj.errors.as_json()#返回字符串 ret['error'] = obj.errors.as_data()#返回字典 key-validationerror result = json.dumps(ret,cls=JsonCustomEncoder) # return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret)) return HttpResponse(result)
ModelForm組件
|
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ModelForm
a.
class
Meta:
model,
# 對應Model的
fields
=
None
,
# 字段
exclude
=
None
,
# 排除字段
labels
=
None
,
# 提示信息
help_texts
=
None
,
# 幫助提示信息
widgets
=
None
,
# 自定義插件
error_messages
=
None
,
# 自定義錯誤信息（總體錯誤信息from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS）
field_classes
=
None
# 自定義字段類 （也能夠自定義字段）
localized_fields
=
(
'birth_date'
,)
# 本地化，如：根據不一樣時區顯示數據
如：
數據庫中
2016
-
12
-
27
04
:
10
:
57
setting中的配置
TIME_ZONE
=
'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_TZ
=
True
則顯示：
2016
-
12
-
27
12
:
10
:
57
b. 驗證執行過程
is_valid
-
> full_clean
-
> 鉤子
-
> 總體錯誤
c. 字典字段驗證
def
clean_字段名(
self
):
# 能夠拋出異常
# from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
return
"新值"
d. 用於驗證
model_form_obj
=
XXOOModelForm()
model_form_obj.is_valid()
model_form_obj.errors.as_json()
model_form_obj.clean()
model_form_obj.cleaned_data
e. 用於建立
model_form_obj
=
XXOOModelForm(request.POST)
#### 頁面顯示，並提交 #####
# 默認保存多對多
obj
=
form.save(commit
=
True
)
# 不作任何操做，內部定義 save_m2m（用於保存多對多）
obj
=
form.save(commit
=
False
)
obj.save()
# 保存單表信息
obj.save_m2m()
# 保存關聯多對多信息
f. 用於更新和初始化
obj
=
model.tb.objects.get(
id
=
1
)
model_form_obj
=
XXOOModelForm(request.POST,instance
=
obj)
...
PS: 單純初始化
model_form_obj
=
XXOOModelForm(initial
=
{...})
|
forms.py
from django import forms from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets as Fwidgets from app01 import models class UserInfoModelForm(forms.ModelForm): #自定義
is_rmb = fields.CharField( widget=Fwidgets.CheckboxInput() ) class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = '__all__' # fields = ['username','pwd'] # exclude = ['username'] labels={ 'username':'用戶名', 'email':'郵件' } widgets = { 'username':Fwidgets.Textarea(attrs={'class':'c1'}) } error_messages = { 'email':{ 'required':'郵箱不能爲空', } }
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render from app01 import forms from app01 import models # Create your views here. def index(request): if request.method == 'GET': obj = forms.UserInfoModelForm() return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj}) elif request.method == 'POST': obj = forms.UserInfoModelForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): obj.save() return render(request, 'index.html', {'obj': obj}) def user_list(request): obj = models.UserInfo.objects.all().select_related('type') return render(request,'user_list.html',{'obj':obj}) def edit(request,nid): if request.method=='GET': obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first() mf = forms.UserInfoModelForm(instance=obj) return render(request,'user_edit.html',{'mf':mf,'id':nid}) elif request.method == 'POST': obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first() mf = forms.UserInfoModelForm(request.POST,instance=obj) if mf.is_valid(): mf.save() else: print(mf.errors.as_json()) return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {'mf': mf, 'id': nid})
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