MySQL初體驗--安裝MySQL

操做系統版本：redhat 6.7 64位

[root@mysql ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.7 (Santiago)

數據庫版本：MySQL5.7

下載地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

我下載的包爲：mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

 

（一）安裝前的準備

（1）查看服務器上是否已經安裝了MySQL。RedHat Linux系統安裝時，若是選擇了MySQL數據庫，那麼服務器上會存在MySQL數據庫，須要先卸載。

# 查看是否存在mysql安裝包
[root@mysql etc]# rpm -qa| grep mysql
mysql-community-common-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64

# 若是存在，須要先卸載
[root@mysql etc]# rpm -e mysql-community-common-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64

 

（2）查看服務器上是否存在mariadb數據庫。mariadb是MySQL的一個分支，須要卸載

[root@mysql mysql]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb

 

(3) 刪除/etc/my.cnf文件。該文件相似Oracle的參數文件

[root@mysql mysql]# rm /etc/my.cnf
rm: cannot remove `/etc/my.cnf': No such file or directory

 

（4）建立mysql用戶來管理數據庫

[root@mysql mysql]# cat /etc/passwd|grep mysql
mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
[root@mysql mysql]# cat /etc/group |grep mysql
mysql:x:27:

若是沒有，則建立用戶組和用戶

[root@mysql mysql]# groupadd mysql
[root@mysql mysql]# useradd -g mysql mysql

修改mysql用戶密碼：

[root@mysql mysql]# passwd mysql
Changing password for user mysql.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: it is too short
BAD PASSWORD: is too simple
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

 

（二）安裝MySQL數據庫

mysql安裝路徑：/usr/local/mysql/

數據存放位置：：/usr/local/mysql/data

（1）解壓MySQL安裝包

[root@mysql mysql]# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

（2）將解壓後的文件拷貝到安裝路徑下

[root@mysql mysql]# mv mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql/

（3）修改文件的權限

[root@mysql mysql]# cd /usr/local/
[root@mysql local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql  sbin  share  src
[root@mysql local]# chown -R mysql mysql/
[root@mysql local]# chgrp -R mysql mysql/

（4）建立存放data的文件夾

[root@mysql mysql]# mkdir data
[root@mysql mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql data

（5）在/etc下建立mysql的參數文件my.cnf

[root@mysql etc]# vim my.cnf

[mysql]
# 設置mysql客戶端默認字符集
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
skip-name-resolve

# 設置3306端口
port = 3306 

# 設置mysql的安裝目錄
basedir=/usr/local/mysql

# 設置mysql數據庫的數據的存放目錄
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

# 容許最大鏈接數
max_connections=200

# 服務端使用的字符集默認爲8比特編碼的latin1字符集
character-set-server=utf8

# 建立新表時將使用的默認存儲引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB 

lower_case_table_names=1

max_allowed_packet=16M

（6）安裝數據庫

 
 
 
 
 

  
  
  
  
  
[root@mysql bin]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@mysql bin]# ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
2019-04-20 22:17:08 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2019-04-20 22:17:14 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty:
2019-04-20 22:17:14 [WARNING] 2019-04-20T14:17:08.662276Z 0 [Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using 
2019-04-20T14:17:08.663008Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000)
2019-04-20T14:17:08.663018Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 407 (requested 2000)
 
 
 
 
 

（6）設置啓動項

 
 
 
 
 

  
  
  
  
  
[root@mysql mysql]# ls
bin  COPYING  data  docs  include  lib  man  README  share  support-files
[root@mysql mysql]# cd ./support-files/mysql
mysqld_multi.server  mysql-log-rotate     mysql.server         
[root@mysql mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mysql mysql]# chown 777 /etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql mysql]# chmod a+x /etc/init.d/mysqld
 
 
 
 
 

(7)開啓數據庫

[root@mysql mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.                                            [  OK  ]

查看數據庫狀態

[root@mysql mysql]# service mysqld status
MySQL running (39674)                                      [  OK  ]

# 或者
[root@mysql mysql]# ps -ef|grep mysql
mysql     39674      1  0 22:53 pts/0    00:00:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --log-error=mysql.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid --port=3306
root      40719   3339  0 23:13 pts/0    00:00:00 grep mysql

（8）修改數據庫的初始root密碼

（8.1）查看初始密碼

[root@mysql mysql]# cat /root/.mysql_secret 
# Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2019-04-20 22:17:08 
bkro9k_?=jrM

（8.2）使用初始密碼登陸數據庫，修改初始密碼爲123456

[root@mysql mysql]# mysql -uroot -p 
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.24


mysql> set password=password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

（9）確認數據庫狀態，運行正常

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

安裝完成。