bin&sbin 命令做用

最近須要瞭解sbin與bin的功能，須要整理一下。一下所有爲Ubuntu14裏面默認安裝的。在這裏收集一下，轉載請註明出處！

bin

bash	shell
bunzip2	.bz2文件的解壓縮程序。
busybox	BusyBox 是一個集成了一百多個最經常使用linux命令和工具的軟件。BusyBox 包含了一些簡單的工具，例如ls、cat和echo等等，還包含了一些更大、更復雜的工具，例grep、find、mount以及telnet。
bzcat	指定要顯示內容的.bz2壓縮文件，並不解壓縮
bzcmp	bzcmp命令主要功能是在不真正解壓縮.bz2壓縮包的狀況下，比較兩個壓縮包中的文件，省去了解壓縮後在調用cmp命令的過程。
bzdiff	bzdiff命令用於直接比較兩個「.bz2」壓縮包中文件的不一樣，省去了解壓縮後再調用diff命令的過程。
bzgrep	bzgrep命令使用正則表達式搜索「.bz2」壓縮包中文件，將匹配的行顯示到標註輸出。
bzexe	壓縮可執行文件
bzfgrep	search possibly bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression
bzip2	壓縮成bz2格式
bzip2recover	回覆破壞的bz2文件
bzless	加強.bz2壓縮包查看器
bzmore	查看bzip2壓縮過的文本文件的內容
cat	顯示文本內容
chacl	chacl是用來更改文件或目錄的訪問控制列表的命令。其和chmod有殊途同歸之妙。可是比chmod更爲強大，更爲精細。
chgrp	改變文件或者目錄的用戶組
chmod	變動文件權限
chown	chown命令改變某個文件或目錄的全部者和所屬的組，該命令能夠向某個用戶受權，使該用戶變成指定文件的全部者或者改變文件所屬的組。
chvt	修改虛擬終端的前臺環境
cp	複製操做
cpio	創建、還原備份檔的工具程序，它能夠加入、解開cpio或tar備份檔內的文件。
dash	ubuntu 下sh執行文件，與bash相似
date	顯示或者設置系統日期
dbus-cleanup-sockets	dbus 後臺程序負責消息轉發，清空全部sockets
dbus-daemon	dbus 後臺程序負責消息轉發
dbus-uuidgen	dbus 後臺程序負責消息轉發
dd	dd這個linux命令能夠建立必定大小文件
df	df顯示磁盤相關信息
dir	dir與ls相似，可是不顯示顏色
dmesg	dmesg命令被用於檢查和控制內核的環形緩衝區。kernel會將開機信息存儲在ring buffer中。您如果開機時來不及查看信息，可利用dmesg來查看。開機信息保存在/var/log/dmesg文件裏。
dnsdomainname	用於定義DNS系統中FQDN名稱中的域名
domainname	命令用於顯示和設置系統的NIS域名。
dumpkeys	Linux dumpkeys命令用於顯示鍵盤映射表，輸出的內容能夠被loadkeys命令識別,改變映射關係。
echo	用於在shell中打印shell變量的值，或者直接輸出指定的字符串。
ed	是單行純文本編輯器，它有命令模式（command mode）和輸入模式（input mode）兩種工做模式。ed命令支持多個內置命令，常見內置命令以下：
egrep	用於在文件內查找指定的字符串。egrep執行效果與grep -E類似，
false'	Exit with a status code indicating failure.
fgconsole	未知
fgrep	命令是用來查找一個或多個與給出的字符串或詞組相匹配文件中的行。fgrep 查詢速度比grep命令快，可是不夠靈活：它只能找固定的文本，而不是規則表達式。
findmnt	查看掛載未知和選項
fuser	使用文件或者套節字來表示識別進程。我經常使用的他的兩個功能：查看我須要的進程和我要殺死我查到的進程。
fusermount	fusermount is a program to mount and unmount FUSE filesystems.
getfacl	與setfacl相關
grep	查找
gunzip	解壓縮
gzexe	壓縮可執行文件
gzip	壓縮
hostname	用於顯示和設置系統的主機名稱。
ip	命令用來顯示或操縱Linux主機的路由、網絡設備、策略路由和隧道，是Linux下較新的功能強大的網絡配置工具。
kbd_mode	設置鍵盤模式
kill	殺死進程
kmod	kmod是一個用於處理Linux內核模塊中通常任務的工具集，功能包括：插入、刪除、列表、查看屬性、解決依賴關係和別名的共同任務。
less	工具也是對文件或其它輸出進行分頁顯示的工具，
lessecho	lessecho  is  a  program  that  simply echos its arguments on standard output.  But any metacharacter in the output is preceded by an "escape" character,       which by default is a backslash.
lessfile	which by default is a backslash.
lesspipe	當轉換操做經過管道在執行容許咱們打開文件,負數與less
ln	建立連接
loadkeys	命令能夠根據一個鍵盤定義表改變 linux 鍵盤驅動程序轉譯鍵盤輸入過程。詳細的說明請參考 dumpkeys。
login	切換用戶身份，或者登入系統
loginctl	Control the systemd login manager
lowntfs-3g	Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver
ls	顯示文件夾內容
lsblk	顯示全部塊設備信息
lsmod	顯示已經加載到內核中模塊的狀態信息
mkdir	建立文件夾
mknod	命令創建一個目錄項和一個特殊文件的對應索引節點
mktemp	mktemp可創建一個暫存文件，供shell script使用。
more	相似cat
mount	掛載命令
mountpoint	查看目錄是否是掛載點
mt	外網查看不少磁帶機的操做命令都會用到mt
mt-gnu	GNU version  of  mt
mv	文件移動
nano	是一個字符終端的文本編輯器，有點像DOS下的editor程序
nc	是netcat命令的簡稱，都是用來設置路由器
nc.openbsd	arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
netcat	同nc
netstat	用來打印Linux中網絡系統的狀態信
nisdomainname	主機NIS域名
ntfs-3g	NTFS格式硬盤
ntfs-3g.probe	NTFS格式硬盤
ntfs-3g.secaudit	NTFS格式硬盤
ntfs-3g.usermap	NTFS格式硬盤
ntfscat	NTFS格式硬盤
ntfsck	NTFS格式硬盤
ntfscluster	NTFS格式硬盤
ntfscmp	NTFS格式硬盤
ntfsdump_logfile	NTFS格式硬盤
ntfsfix	NTFS格式硬盤
ntfsinfo	NTFS格式硬盤
ntfsls	NTFS格式硬盤
ntfsmftalloc	NTFS格式硬盤
ntfsmove	NTFS格式硬盤
ntfstruncate	NTFS格式硬盤
ntfswipe	NTFS格式硬盤
open	This utility help you to start a program on a new virtual terminal (VT).
openvt	This utility help you to start a program on a new virtual terminal (VT).
pidof	pidof 是Linux系統中用來查找正在運行進程的進程號（pid)的工具，功能相似pgrep和ps。
ping	ping
ping6	ping ipv6
plymouth	與啓動項有關
plymouth-upstart-bridge	與啓動項有關
ps	顯示進程
pwd	口令
rbash	restricted bash, see bash(1)
readlink	連接所指向的位置
red	line-oriented text editor
rm	刪除文件
rmdir	刪除空目錄
sed	在線編輯器
setfacl	用來在命令行裏設置ACL（訪問控制列表）。在命令行裏，一系列的命令跟隨以一系列的文件名。
setfont	改造終端文字顯示
setupcon	修改鍵盤佈局
sh	執行腳本文件
sh.distrib	sh相關
sleep	腳本暫停指定時間
ss	用來顯示處於活動狀態的套接字信息。
static-sh	sh相關
stty	change and print terminal line settings
su	管理員權限相關
sync	強制同步文件到硬盤
tailf	用途是依照要求將指定的文件的最後部分輸出到標準設備，一般是終端，
tar	壓縮
tempfile	有時候在寫Shell腳本的時候須要一些臨時存儲數據的才作，最適合存儲臨時文件數據的位置就是/tmp，由於該目錄中全部的內容在系統重啓後就會被清空。下面是兩種方法爲臨時數據生成標準的文件名。
touch	建立空白文件
TRUE	設置退出碼爲0
udevadm	查詢sda設備devpath
ulockmgr_server	ock Manager Server for FUSE filesystems
umount	卸載已經加載的文件系統
uname	顯示系統信息
uncompress	用來解壓縮由compress命令壓縮後產生的「.Z」壓縮包
unicode_start	將控制檯設爲Unicode模式.
vdir	list directory contents
vmmouse_detect	VMware mouse device autodetection tool
which	查找並顯示給定命令的絕對路徑
whiptail	與msgbox相似
ypdomainname	顯示主機NIS的域名
zcat	顯示壓縮包中文件的內容
zcmp	compare compressed files
zdiff	zcmp, zdiff - compare compressed files
zgrep	search possibly compressed files for a regular expression
zfgrep	search possibly compressed files for a regular expression
zforce	force a '.gz' extension on all gzip files
zless	file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text
zmore	file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text
znew	recompress .Z files to .gz files

sbin

acpi_available	test whether ACPI subsystem is available
agetty	agetty opens a tty port, prompts for a login name and invokes the /bin/login command. It is normally invoked by init(8).
alsa	高級Linux聲音架構的簡稱
apm_available	test whether APM subsystem is available
apparmor_parser	apparmor_parser is used as a general tool to compile, and manage AppArmor policy, including loading new apparmor.d(5) profiles into the Linux kernel.
badblocks	badblocks - search a device for bad blocks
blkid	locate/print block device attributes
blockdev	call block device ioctls from the command line
bridege	bridge - show / manipulate bridge addresses and devices
brltty	brltty  is a background process (daemon) which provides access to the console screen (when in text mode) for a blind person using a refreshable braille display.
brltty-setup	與brltty相關
capsh	'bash' wrapper to raise and lower the bset and pI capabilities
cfdisk	cfdisk is a curses/slang based program for partitioning any hard disk drive.
cgdisk	GPT  fdisk  is  a text-mode family of programs for creation and manipulation of partition tables.
crda	send to the kernel a wireless regulatory domain for a given ISO / IEC 3166 alpha2
ctrlaltdel	set the function of the Ctrl-Alt-Del combination
debugfs	ext2/ext3/ext4 file system debugger
depmod	Generate modules.dep and map files.
dhclient	The Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client, dhclient, provides a means for configuring one or more network interfaces using the Dynamic Host Configuration  Protocol,
dhclient-script
dmsetup	low level logical volume management
dosfsck	check and repair MS-DOS filesystems
dosfslabel	set or get MS-DOS filesystem label
dumpe2fs	dumpe2fs prints the super block and blocks group information for the filesystem present on device.
e2fsck	check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
e2image	Save critical ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem metadata to a file
e2lable	Change the label on an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
e2ubudo	Replay an undo log for an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
ethtool	query or control network driver and hardware settings
fatlabel	set or get MS-DOS filesystem label
fdisk	fdisk (in the first form of invocation) is a menu-driven program for creation and manipulation of partition tables.  It understands DOS-type partition tables and BSD- or SUN-type disklabels.
findfs	find a filesystem by label or UUID
fixparts	MBR partition table repair utility
fsck	check and repair a Linux filesystem
fsck.cramfs
fsck.ext2
fsck.ext3
fsck.ext4
fsck.ext4dev
fsck.fat
fsck.minix
fsck.msdos
fsck.nfs
fsck.vfat
fsfreeze	fsfreeze halts new access to the filesystem and creates a stable image on disk.  fsfreeze is intended to be used with hardware RAID devices that support the creation of snapshots.
fstab-decode	fstab-decode decodes escapes in the specified ARGUMENTs and uses them to run COMMAND.  The argument escaping uses the same rules as path escaping in /etc/fstab, /etc/mtab and /proc/mtab.
fstrim	discard unused blocks on a mounted filesystem
fstrim-all	call fstrim on all mounted file systems which support it
gdisk	GPT  fdisk (aka gdisk) is a text-mode menu-driven program for creation and manipulation of partition tables.
getcap	getcap displays the name and capabilities of each specified
getpcaps
getty	agetty opens a tty port, prompts for a login name and invokes the /bin/login command. It is normally invoked by init(8).
halt	reboot, halt, poweroff - reboot or stop the system
hdparm	get/set SATA/IDE device parameters
hwclock	hwclock - query or set the hardware clock (RTC)
ifconfig	configure a network interface
ifdown	take a network interface down
ifquery	parse interface configuration
ifup	take a network interface up
init	Upstart process management daemon
initctl	init daemon control tool
insmod	Simple program to insert a module into the Linux Kernel
installkernel	install a new kernel image
ip	show / manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels
ip6tables	iptables/ip6tables — administration tool for IPv4/IPv6 packet filtering and NAT
ip6tables-apply
ip6tables-restore
ip6tables-save
iptunnel
isosize	output the length of an iso9660 filesystem
iw	show / manipulate wireless devices and their configuration
iwconfig	configure a wireless network interface
iwevent	Display Wireless Events generated by drivers and setting changes
iwgetid	Report ESSID, NWID or AP/Cell Address of wireless network
iwlist	Get more detailed wireless information from a wireless interface
iwpriv	configure optionals (private) parameters of a wireless network interface
iwspy	Get wireless statistics from specific nodes
kbdrate	reset the keyboard repeat rate and delay time
killall5	send a signal to all processes.
ldconfig	configure dynamic linker run-time bindings
ldconfig.real
logsave	save the output of a command in a logfile
losetup	set up and control loop devices
lsmod	Show the status of modules in the Linux Kernel
lspcmcia	display extended PCMCIA debugging information
MAKEDEV	create devices
mii-tool	manipulate media-independent interface status
mkdosfs	create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux
mke2fs	create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs	build a Linux filesystem
mkfs.bfs	make an SCO bfs filesystem
mkfs.cramfs
mkfs.ext2	create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs.ext3	create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs.ext4	create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs.ext4dev	create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs.fat	create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux
mkfs.minix	make a Minix filesystem
mkfs.msdos	create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux
mkfs.ntfs	create an NTFS file system
mkfs.vfat	create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux
mkhomedir_helper	Helper binary that creates home directories
mkntfs	create an NTFS file system
mkswap	set up a Linux swap area
mntctl
modinfo	Show information about a Linux Kernel module
modprobe	Add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel
mountall	Mount filesystems during boot
mount.fuse	format and options for the fuse file systems
mount.lowntfs_3g
mount.ntfs
mount.ntfs-3g
mount.vmhgfs
nameif	name network interfaces based on MAC addresses
ntfsclone	Efficiently clone, image, restore or rescue an NTFS
ntfscp	copy file to an NTFS volume.
ntfslabel	display/change the label on an ntfs file system
ntfsresize	resize an NTFS filesystem without data loss
ntfsundelete	recover a deleted file from an NTFS volume.
on_ac_power	test whether computer is running on AC power
pam_tally	The login counter (tallying) module
pam_tally2	The login counter (tallying) module
parted	a partition manipulation program
partprobe	inform the OS of partition table changes
pccardctl	PCMCIA card control utility
pivot_root	change the root filesystem
plipconfig	fine tune PLIP device parameters
plymouth
poweroff	stop the system
rarp	manipulate the system RARP table
raw	bind a Linux raw character device
reboot	reboot the system
regdbdump	parse and print out regulatory rules file
reload	init daemon control tool
resize2fs	ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer
resolvconf	manage nameserver information
restart	init daemon control tool
rmmod	Simple program to remove a module from the Linux Kernel
route	show / manipulate the IP routing table
rtacct	network statistics tools.
rtmon	listens to and monitors RTnetlink
runlevel	output previous and current runlevel
setcap	set file capabilities
setvtrgb	customize the console color map
sfdisk	partition table manipulator for Linux
sgdisk	Command-line GUID partition table (GPT) manipulator for Linux and Unix
shadowconfig	toggle shadow passwords on and off
shutdown	bring the system down
slattach	attach a network interface to a serial line
start	init daemon control tool
startpar	start runlevel scripts in parallel
startpar-upstart-inject
start-stop-daemon	start and stop system daemon programs
status	init daemon control tool
stop	init daemon control tool
sulogin	Single-user login
swaplabel	print or change the label or UUID of a swap area
swapoff	enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping
swapon	enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping
swithch_root	switch to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree
sysctl	configure kernel parameters at runtime
tc	show / manipulate traffic control settings
telinit	change system runlevel
tune2fs	adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems
udevadm	udev management tool
udevd	systemd-udevd.service, systemd-udevd-control.socket, systemd-udevd-kernel.socket, systemd-udevd - Device event managing daemon
umount.udisks2	this program is only supposed to be invoked by umount(8).
unix_chkpwd	Helper binary that verifies the password of the current user
unix_update	Helper binary that updates the password of a given user
Upstart-dbus-bridge	Bridge between Upstart and D-Bus
upstart-event-bridge	Bridge between system Upstart and session Upstart
upstart-file-bridge	Bridge between Upstart and inotify
upstart-local-bridge	Bridge between Upstart and a local client socket connection.
upstart-socket-bridge	Bridge between Upstart and sockets
upstart-udev-bridge	Bridge between Upstart and udev
ureadahead	Read files in advance during boot
wipefs	wipe a filesystem signature from a device
wpa_action	wpa_cli action script
wpa_cli	WPA command line client
wpa_supplicant	Wi-Fi Protected Access client and IEEE 802.1X supplicant
xtables-multi	xtables multi-link binary for netfilter's iptables and ip6tables