Python之文件路徑名的操做

使用 os.path 模塊中的函數來操做路徑名

import os

# 獲取當前文件路徑
path=os.path.abspath(__file__)  # 獲取絕對路徑 /home/zzy/PycharmProjects/MyTest/testPackage/secondPackage/文件與IO.py
print(path)
print(os.path.realpath(__file__))  # 獲取真實路徑  /home/zzy/PycharmProjects/MyTest/testPackage/secondPackage/文件與IO.py

# 文件基礎名字
print(os.path.basename(path))  # 文件與IO.py

# 獲取文件目錄
print(os.path.dirname(path))   # /home/zzy/PycharmProjects/MyTest/testPackage/secondPackage

# 文件路徑拼接
print(os.path.join("new","zzy",os.path.basename(path)))  # new/zzy/文件與IO.py

# 展開用戶的主目錄
print(os.path.expanduser("~/PycharmProjects/MyTest/testPackage/secondPackage"))   # /home/zzy/PycharmProjects/MyTest/testPackage/secondPackage

# 拆分文件擴展名
print(os.path.splitext(path))  # ('/home/zzy/PycharmProjects/MyTest/testPackage/secondPackage/文件與IO', '.py')

# 拆分文件名和目錄
print(os.path.split(path))  # ('/home/zzy/PycharmProjects/MyTest/testPackage/secondPackage', '文件與IO.py')

對於任何的文件名的操做，你都應該使用 os.path 模塊,特別是爲了可移植性考慮的時候更應如此，
由於 os.path 模塊知道Unix和Windows系統之間的差別而且可以可靠地處理相似

測試文件是否存在

print(os.path.exists("MyTest/testPackage"))  # False
print(os.path.exists("/home/zzy/PycharmProjects/MyTest/testPackage"))  # True

判斷文件類型

print(os.path.isdir("/home/zzy/PycharmProjects/MyTest/testPackage/secondPackage"))  # True
print(os.path.isdir("/home/zzy/PycharmProjects/MyTest/testPackage/secondPackage/文件與IO.py"))  # False

print(os.path.isfile("/home/zzy/PycharmProjects/MyTest/testPackage/secondPackage/文件與IO.py"))  # True

print(os.path.islink("/home/zzy/PycharmProjects/MyTest/testPackage/secondPackage/文件與IO.py"))  # False
print(os.path.islink("/home/zzy/PycharmProjects/MyTest/testPackage/secondPackage"))  # False