當容器調用帶有一組參數的類構造函數時,基於構造函數的DI就完成了,其中每一個參數表明一個對其餘類的依賴。java
例子:git
pom.xml:github
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.jsoft.testspring</groupId> <artifactId>testconstructor</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>testconstructor</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- Spring Core --> <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring Context --> <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
SpellChecker.java:spring
package com.jsoft.testspring.testconstructor; public class SpellChecker { public SpellChecker(){ System.out.println("SpellChecker無參數構造函數初始化"); } public void checkSpelling(){ System.out.println("SpellChecker檢查方法"); } }
TextEditor.java:apache
package com.jsoft.testspring.testconstructor; public class TextEditor { private SpellChecker spellChecker; public TextEditor(SpellChecker spellChecker){ System.out.println("TextEditor有參數構造函數初始化"); this.spellChecker = spellChecker; } public void spellCheck() { this.spellChecker.checkSpelling(); } }
beans.xml:app
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="spellChecker" class="com.jsoft.testspring.testconstructor.SpellChecker"></bean> <bean id="textEditor" class="com.jsoft.testspring.testconstructor.TextEditor"> <constructor-arg ref="spellChecker"></constructor-arg> </bean> </beans>
這裏直接採用<constructor>節點指定TextEditor構造函數的參數。maven
App.java:函數
package com.jsoft.testspring.testconstructor; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; /** * Hello world! * */ public class App { public static void main( String[] args ) { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); TextEditor textEditor = (TextEditor)applicationContext.getBean("textEditor"); textEditor.spellCheck(); } }
運行結果:測試
構造函數參數解析:
若是存在不止一個參數時,當把參數傳遞給構造函數時,可能會存在歧義。要解決這個問題,那麼構造函數的參數在bean定義中的順序,就是把這些參數提供給適當的構造函數參數的順序對應上就能夠了。考慮下面的類:
package x.y; public class Foo { public Foo(Bar bar, Baz baz) { // ... } }
下述配置文件是能正常運行的:
<beans> <bean id="foo" class="x.y.Foo"> <constructor-arg ref="bar"/> <constructor-arg ref="baz"/> </bean> <bean id="bar" class="x.y.Bar"/> <bean id="baz" class="x.y.Baz"/> </beans>
只要把配置文件參數的順序對應上構造函數參數的順序便可。
讓咱們再考慮一下咱們傳遞給構造函數不一樣類型的位置。參考下面的類:
package x.y; public class Foo { public Foo(int year, String name) { // ... } }
若是你使用type屬性顯式的指定了構造函數參數的類型,容器也能夠使用與簡單類型匹配的類型。例如:
<beans> <bean id="exampleBean" class="examples.ExampleBean"> <constructor-arg type="int" value="2001"/> <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="Zara"/> </bean> </beans>
最後,最好的傳遞構造函數參數的方式,是使用index屬性來顯式的指定構造函數參數的索引。下面是基於索引爲0的例子,以下所示:
<beans> <bean id="exampleBean" class="examples.ExampleBean"> <constructor-arg index="0" value="2001"/> <constructor-arg index="1" value="Zara"/> </bean> </beans>
測試工程:https://github.com/easonjim/5_java_example/tree/master/springtest/test8/testconstructor