[LeetCode] 148. Sort List 鏈表排序

 

Sort a linked list in O(n log n) time using constant space complexity.html

Example 1:git

Input: 4->2->1->3
Output: 1->2->3->4

Example 2:github

Input: -1->5->3->4->0
Output: -1->0->3->4->5

 

常見排序方法有不少,插入排序,選擇排序,堆排序,快速排序,冒泡排序,歸併排序,桶排序等等。。它們的時間複雜度不盡相同,而這裏題目限定了時間必須爲O(nlgn),符合要求只有快速排序,歸併排序,堆排序,而根據單鏈表的特色,最適於用歸併排序。爲啥呢?這是因爲鏈表自身的特色決定的,因爲不能經過座標來直接訪問元素,因此快排什麼的可能不太容易實現(可是被評論區的大神們打臉,仍是能夠實現的),堆排序的話,若是讓新建結點的話,仍是能夠考慮的,若只能交換結點,最好仍是不要用。而歸併排序(又稱混合排序)因其能夠利用遞歸來交換數字,自然適合鏈表這種結構。歸併排序的核心是一個 merge() 函數,其主要是合併兩個有序鏈表,這個在 LeetCode 中也有單獨的題目 Merge Two Sorted Lists。因爲兩個鏈表是要有序的才能比較容易 merge,那麼對於一個無序的鏈表,如何才能拆分紅有序的兩個鏈表呢?咱們從簡單來想,何時兩個鏈表必定都是有序的?就是當兩個鏈表各只有一個結點的時候,必定是有序的。而歸併排序的核心實際上是分治法 Divide and Conquer,就是將鏈表從中間斷開,分紅兩部分,左右兩邊再分別調用排序的遞歸函數 sortList(),獲得各自有序的鏈表後,再進行 merge(),這樣總體就是有序的了。由於子鏈表的遞歸函數中仍是會再次拆成兩半,當拆到鏈表只有一個結點時,沒法繼續拆分了,而這正好知足了前面所說的「一個結點的時候必定是有序的」,這樣就能夠進行 merge 了。而後再回溯回去,每次獲得的都是有序的鏈表,而後進行 merge,直到還原整個長度。這裏將鏈表從中間斷開的方法,採用的就是快慢指針,你們可能對快慢指針找鏈表中的環比較熟悉,其實找鏈表中的中點一樣好使,由於快指針每次走兩步,慢指針每次走一步,當快指針到達鏈表末尾時,慢指針正好走到中間位置,參見代碼以下:ide

 

C++ 解法一:函數

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* sortList(ListNode* head) {
        if (!head || !head->next) return head;
        ListNode *slow = head, *fast = head, *pre = head;
        while (fast && fast->next) {
            pre = slow;
            slow = slow->next;
            fast = fast->next->next;
        }
        pre->next = NULL;
        return merge(sortList(head), sortList(slow));
    }
    ListNode* merge(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
        ListNode *dummy = new ListNode(-1);
        ListNode *cur = dummy;
        while (l1 && l2) {
            if (l1->val < l2->val) {
                cur->next = l1;
                l1 = l1->next;
            } else {
                cur->next = l2;
                l2 = l2->next;
            }
            cur = cur->next;
        }
        if (l1) cur->next = l1;
        if (l2) cur->next = l2;
        return dummy->next;
    }
};

 

Java 解法一:post

public class Solution {
    public ListNode sortList(ListNode head) {
        if (head == null || head.next == null) return head;
        ListNode slow = head, fast = head, pre = head;
        while (fast != null && fast.next != null) {
            pre = slow;
            slow = slow.next;
            fast = fast.next.next;
        }
        pre.next = null;
        return merge(sortList(head), sortList(slow));
    }
    public ListNode merge(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
        ListNode dummy = new ListNode(-1);
        ListNode cur = dummy;
        while (l1 != null && l2 != null) {
            if (l1.val < l2.val) {
                cur.next = l1;
                l1 = l1.next;
            } else {
                cur.next = l2;
                l2 = l2.next;
            }
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        if (l1 != null) cur.next = l1;
        if (l2 != null) cur.next = l2;
        return dummy.next;
    }
}

 

下面這種方法也是歸併排序,並且在merge函數中也使用了遞歸,這樣使代碼更加簡潔啦~ui

 

C++ 解法二:url

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* sortList(ListNode* head) {
        if (!head || !head->next) return head;
        ListNode *slow = head, *fast = head, *pre = head;
        while (fast && fast->next) {
            pre = slow;
            slow = slow->next;
            fast = fast->next->next;
        }
        pre->next = NULL;
        return merge(sortList(head), sortList(slow));
    }
    ListNode* merge(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
        if (!l1) return l2;
        if (!l2) return l1;
        if (l1->val < l2->val) {
            l1->next = merge(l1->next, l2);
            return l1;
        } else {
            l2->next = merge(l1, l2->next);
            return l2;
        }
    }
};

 

Java 解法二:spa

public class Solution {
    public ListNode sortList(ListNode head) {
        if (head == null || head.next == null) return head;
        ListNode slow = head, fast = head, pre = head;
        while (fast != null && fast.next != null) {
            pre = slow;
            slow = slow.next;
            fast = fast.next.next;
        }
        pre.next = null;
        return merge(sortList(head), sortList(slow));
    }
    public ListNode merge(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
        if (l1 == null) return l2;
        if (l2 == null) return l1;
        if (l1.val < l2.val) {
            l1.next = merge(l1.next, l2);
            return l1;
        } else {
            l2.next = merge(l1, l2.next);
            return l2;
        }
    }
}

 

Github 同步地址:指針

https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/148

 

相似題目:

Merge Two Sorted Lists

Sort Colors

Insertion Sort List

 

參考資料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/sort-list/description/

https://leetcode.com/problems/sort-list/discuss/46857/clean-and-short-merge-sort-solution-in-c

https://leetcode.com/problems/sort-list/discuss/46937/56ms-c-solutions-using-quicksort-with-explanations

https://leetcode.com/problems/sort-list/discuss/46772/i-have-a-pretty-good-mergesort-method-can-anyone-speed-up-the-run-time-or-reduce-the-memory-usage

 

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